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["HEADWORD","PRONUNCIATION GUIDE: EDD","VARIANT FORMS: READING PROGRAMME","VARIANT CUMBRIAN FORMS: EDD","VARIANT FORMS: OED","EDD REFERENCE","OED REFERENCE","HEADWORD PRESENT IN EDD?","SENSE SPECIFIC TO CUMBRIAN?","HEADWORD PRESENT IN OED?","GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: EDD","GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: OED","RELATIONSHIP1","GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES","NOTES ON GRAMMAR","ETYMOLOGICAL ROOT: EDD","ETYMOLOGICAL ROOT: OED","RELATIONSHIP2","ETYMOLOGY: EDD","ETYMOLOGY: OED","NOTES ON ETYMOLOGY","DEFINITION: EDD","DEFINITION: OED III","RELATIONSHIP3","SYNONYMOUS DEFINTIONS?","DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?","NOTES ON DEFINITION","USAGE EXAMPLE 1 DATE","USAGE EXAMPLE 1 AUTHOR","USAGE EXAMPLE 1 PAGE NUMBER","USAGE EXAMPLE 1","POETRY, PROSE OR PERIODICAL?","USAGE EXAMPLE 2 DATE","USAGE EXAMPLE 2 AUTHOR","USAGE EXAMPLE 2 PAGE NUMBER","USAGE EXAMPLE 2","POETRY, PROSE OR PERIODICAL?2","USAGE EXAMPLE 3 DATE","USAGE EXAMPLE 3 AUTHOR","USAGE EXAMPLE 3 PAGE NUMBER","USAGE EXAMPLE 3","POETRY, PROSE OR PERIODICAL?3","USAGE EXAMPLE 4 DATE","USAGE EXAMPLE 4 AUTHOR","USAGE EXAMPLE 4 PAGE NUMBER","USAGE EXAMPLE 4","POETRY, PROSE OR PERIODICAL?4","USAGE EXAMPLE 5 DATE","USAGE EXAMPLE 5 AUTHOR","USAGE EXAMPLE 5 PAGE NUMBER ","USAGE EXAMPLE 5","POETRY, PROSE OR PERIODICAL?5","USAGE EXAMPLE COUNT","AT LEAST ONE OED USAGE EXAMPLE DATING BETWEEN 1700–1898","OED USAGE LABEL?","ETYMOLOGY TYPE","ETYMOLOGY SIMILARITY"]
["aback","[əba·k]",null,null,"Recognisable \"aback\" form didn't appear until early Middle English. Consult:\n\nβ. eME abac, eME a-bach, eME a bach, eME abakk, eME a-bakke, eME a bakke, eME abec, ME a-bak, ME abak, ME a bak, ME a-bake, ME abake, ME–17 a-backe, ME–17 abacke, ME– a-back, lME– aback, 15 a backe, 15 a bake, 15–17 a back; also Sc. pre-17 abaik, pre-17 abak, pre-17 a bak, pre-17 abake.","(EDD Online: \"aback, prep. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"aback, adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","preposition","adverb",{"$f":"IF(AND(K2=\"\", L2=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Entry\",IF(K2=L2, \"Match\",IF(K2=\"\",\"No EDD Entry\", IF(L2=\"\",\"No OED Entry\",\"Do Not Match\"))))","v":"Do Not Match"},"EDD","OED does not recognise \"aback, prep.\"\n\nBased on usage examples (cf. Farrall [1893: 7]), EDD grammatical classification is more accurate, though it is a grey area.","Old English","English by Compounding",{"$f":"IF(AND(P2=\"\", H2=\"No\", I2=\"No\"), \"No EDD Entry\",IF(AND(P2=\"\", Q2=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Etymology\", IF(P2=Q2, \"Match\", IF(P2=\"\", \"No EDD Etymology\", IF(Q2=\"\", \"No OED Etymology\",\"Do Not Match\")))))","v":"Do Not Match"},"[They drewe abacke, as halfe with shame confound, Spenser Sh. Cal. June. ME. Therwith-al a-bak she sterte, Chaucer Leg. G. W. 864. OE. on bæcc]","[Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: on prep., back n.1]",null,"1. prep. Of position: behind, to the rear (usually with prep. of).","1. In a backward direction; to or towards the rear; back. Also fig. and in extended use: from the scene of action, away, to a distance; to a former place or position. Now rare (poet. and regional).",{"$f":"IF(AND(V2=\"\", W2=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Definition\", IF(V2=\"\", \"OED Definition Only\", IF(W2=\"\", \"EDD Definition Only\", IF(AND(H2=\"Yes\",V2=\"Unclear, see notes\"), \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\", \"EDD and OED Definition\"))))","v":"EDD and OED Definition"},"Yes","N/A","Definitions are similar, but grammatical category does not match.",1893,"(Farrall: ","7)","\"Five pund sartinly was a tempter for Bob, 'at hed […] been hingin' up, as t' sayin' is aback o' t' bar dooar.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB2,AG2,AL2,AQ2,AV2)","v":1}]
["abeun(e) ","[əbū·n]","abuin",null,"α. lOE abufan, eME abufen, eME abufenn ( Ormulum), eME abuuen, ME abawvyn, ME abouen, ME abouene, ME aboune, ME abouun, ME abouyn, ME abouyne, ME abovyn, ME abowen, ME abowene, ME abown, ME abowyn, ME abwen, ME anbovyn, ME obouen, ME oboune, ME oboven, ME obowen, ME obown, ME 16 aboven, ME–15 abone, ME–15 aboun, ME–15 abowne, ME–15 (18– U.S. regional and Manx English) aboon, 15–16 abuin; Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 16– aboon, 17–18 abuin, 18 abeune, 18 abown, 18 abune, 18 abuon, 18– abeun, 18– abeunn, 18– abeyun, 18– abon, 18– abooan, 18– aboun, 18– abun, 18– abyun, 18– oboon, 19– abi'en","(EDD Online: \"aboon, adv. and prep.\")","(OED Online: \"above, adv., prep., n., and adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","English by Derivation","Do Not Match","[ME. abuven (aboven), A-, on + buven, OE. bufan (above) =\n be + ufan, cp. G. oben.]","[Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix3, bove adv.\n\n< a- prefix3 + bove adv. (see discussion at that entry). The formation is not paralleled in other Germanic languages. The simplex ufan (see anoven adv.) originally had the same meaning as the compounds bove adv., bove prep., and above . Compare also anoven adv., bebove prep., bibufenn adv., which are synonymous, but formed with different prepositions as first element.]",null,"1. adv. Of position: overhead; in the sky, aloft; upstairs. Also fig.","A. adv.\n\nI. Expressing position in or movement to a place that is higher.\n\n5. In or towards heaven; in or towards the realm of God and spiritual beings.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","OED","OED definiton more specific, defining \"heavenly\" sense of \"above, adv.\", as used by Gilpin (1866: 26).",1866,"(Gilpin: ","26)","\"And what, Torquatus, can be sworn, that thame abuin will grant to-mworn?\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB3,AG3,AL3,AQ3,AV3)","v":1}]
["aboot1","[əbū·t]",null,null,"β. OE abuta (rare), OE abutotan (transmission error), OE habutan (rare), OE–eME abutan, OE–eME abuton, OE–ME abuten, eME abeotan, eME abeoten, eME abotan, eME abutæn, eME abutenn, eME abuttenn, ME abhowte, ME abhute, ME abode, ME abohut, ME abohutt, ME abot, ME abote, ME aboughte, ME abouȝt, ME abouȝte, ME abouȝten, ME abougth, ME abouten, ME abouute, ME abowght, ME abowgth, ME abownten (perhaps transmission error), ME abowot, ME abowt, ME abowten, ME abowtt, ME abowtyn, ME abute, ME abuuten, ME habout, ME obout, ME oboute, ME obowte, ME obut, ME obute, ME 16 abut, ME–15 abouet, ME–15 abought, ME–15 abowte, ME–17 aboute, ME– about, 15 abowth; Eng. regional 18 abeawt (north.), 18– abaout (midl.), 18– abawt (midl.), 18– aboot (north. and north midl.), 18– abootan (north.), 18– abouten (south.), 19– abowt (north.); U.S. regional 18 abaout, 18 abeout, 19– aboot, 19– abouten, 19– about'n, 19– abowoot, 19– erbout; Sc. pre-17 aboute, pre-17 abowt, pre-17 abowte, pre-17 abut, pre-17 abute, pre-17 17– about, 18– aboot; also Irish English 18 abouten (Wexford), 18– abut (Wexford), 19– aboot (north.).","(EDD Online: \"about, prep., conj. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"about, adv., prep.1, adj., and int.)","Yes","No","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Derivation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by derivation.\n\n< on- prefix + bout adv.1 (see discussion at that entry). Compare Old Frisian abūta (adverb) outside. Compare bout adv.1, bout prep.1 Compare also later bout prep.2, bout adv.2 See also thereabout adv. and later round about adv. and prep.]",null,"2. Nearly, almost; of number, quantity: near to, approximating.","III. Expressing approximation.\n \n8. With times and dates: near, close to, at approximately; = around prep. 13. about time: see time n., int., and conj. Phrases 3a.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED defintion more specified; states headwords specific application to dates, as demonstrated by Richardson's (1871: 34) usage example.",1869,"(Gibson: ","20)","\"When I was aboot startin', I begon to think ther' was sum'at mair to tak wid me.\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","34)","\"He use to leeve up at t' hee end o' Patterdal aboot sixty year sen\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","4)","\"T' furst tea-party Jim an' Mary hed efter they weddit, aboot a dozen on us was invitit\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL11,#REF!,AL4,AQ4,AV4)","v":2}]
["aboot2",null,null,null,"β. OE abuta (rare), OE abutotan (transmission error), OE habutan (rare), OE–eME abutan, OE–eME abuton, OE–ME abuten, eME abeotan, eME abeoten, eME abotan, eME abutæn, eME abutenn, eME abuttenn, ME abhowte, ME abhute, ME abode, ME abohut, ME abohutt, ME abot, ME abote, ME aboughte, ME abouȝt, ME abouȝte, ME abouȝten, ME abougth, ME abouten, ME abouute, ME abowght, ME abowgth, ME abownten (perhaps transmission error), ME abowot, ME abowt, ME abowten, ME abowtt, ME abowtyn, ME abute, ME abuuten, ME habout, ME obout, ME oboute, ME obowte, ME obut, ME obute, ME 16 abut, ME–15 abouet, ME–15 abought, ME–15 abowte, ME–17 aboute, ME– about, 15 abowth; Eng. regional 18 abeawt (north.), 18– abaout (midl.), 18– abawt (midl.), 18– aboot (north. and north midl.), 18– abootan (north.), 18– abouten (south.), 19– abowt (north.); U.S. regional 18 abaout, 18 abeout, 19– aboot, 19– abouten, 19– about'n, 19– abowoot, 19– erbout; Sc. pre-17 aboute, pre-17 abowt, pre-17 abowte, pre-17 abut, pre-17 abute, pre-17 17– about, 18– aboot; also Irish English 18 abouten (Wexford), 18– abut (Wexford), 19– aboot (north.).",null,"(OED Online: \"about, adv., prep.1, adj., and int.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"preposition","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"English by Derivation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by derivation.\n\n< on- prefix + bout adv.1 (see discussion at that entry). Compare Old Frisian abūta (adverb) outside. Compare bout adv.1, bout prep.1 Compare also later bout prep.2, bout adv.2 See also thereabout adv. and later round about adv. and prep.]",null,null,"B. prep.1\n\nIV. Expressing relation or connection.\n \n10. a. Concerning, regarding, with regard to, in reference to; in the matter of. Frequently emphasized by preceding all.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","7)","\"they dro' him on to tell them mak's o' teàls […] aboot me\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","49)","\"Bit, what, they car't nowt aboot a bit o' wark i' them days.\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","6)","\"a lot o' fellahs an' me got on toakin' aboot fessents\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG5,#REF!,AL5,AQ5,AV5)","v":3},"Yes","No"]
["acoase","[əko·s]",null,null,"18 acas, 18 acoase, 18 acoz, 18 acus, 18 akaws, 18– acause.","(EDD Online: \"acause, conj.\")","(OED Online: \"acause, conj. (and adv.)\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","conjunction","conjunction","Match","N/A",null,"English by Compounding","English by Variation","Do Not Match","[A-, on + cause.]","[A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: because conj.\n\nAlteration of because conj., on the analogy of such pairs as ahind prep. vs. behind prep., afore prep. vs. before prep., etc. Compare earlier cause conj.]",null,"Because. Also in phr. acause on, because of.","regional.\n \n Because. Also as adv. with of.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","7)","\"just for nowte at o' else but acoase they think he kens me, they feed him with drink\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB6,AG6,AL6,AQ6,AV6)","v":1}]
["adoot","[ədū·t]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"athout, adv., prep. and conj.\")",null,"Yes","Yes","No","preposition",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,"No mention of form \"adoot\" in OED entry for \"without, adv., prep., conj., and n.\"\n\nAlso, no equivalent to \"athout\" in OED.","2. prep. Without.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD","OED recognises neither \"athout\" nor \"adoot\" as variants of \"without, prep.\" and so has not been included here.",1869,"(Gibson: ","13)","\"He tok off his specks, an he glower't at me adoot them\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB7,AG7,AL7,AQ7,AV7)","v":1}]
["afore","[əfoə·(r)]","afooar",null,"γ. ME afoore, ME afoyr (east midl.), ME auore, ME avore, ME–15 affor, ME–15 afoor, ME–16 afor, ME–17 affore, ME– afore, 15 affoare, 18 avar (Irish English (Wexford)), 18– avare (Irish English (Wexford)); Eng. regional 17 ovore (Devon), 17– avore (south-west.), 18 afoar (Yorks.), 18 avaur (Somerset), 18 avawr (Somerset), 18 avoore (south-west.), 18– afooar (north.), 18– afoor (chiefly north.), 18– afoore (north.), 18– afor, 19– afooare (Yorks. and Lincs.), 19– afooer (Yorks.), 19– afwore (Lincs.); Sc. pre-17 affoir, pre-17 affor, pre-17 affore, pre-17 afoir, pre-17 afoire, pre-17 afor, pre-17 afoyr, pre-17 effoir, pre-17 effor, pre-17 effore, pre-17 17– afore.","(EDD Online: \"afore, adv., conj., prep.\")","(OED Online: \"afore, adv., prep., and conj. \")","Yes","Yes","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A","EDD usage examples are not separated according to grammatical category. All grammatical categories are listed however.","Old English","English by Derivation","Do Not Match","[If I do not... drive all thy subjects afore thee like a flock of wild-geese, SHAKS. I Hen. IV, II. iv. 152. ME. To hem that riche were afore, Gower C. A. II. 88. OE. onforan, before.]","[Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: on- prefix, forne adv., a- prefix3, atfore prep.\n\nOriginally (in α. forms) < on- prefix + forne adv.; in β. forms showing reduction of the first element (see a- prefix3); in γ. forms probably showing alteration of the second element after fore adv. (although some forms may reflect independent loss of the final nasal).]",null,"1. Of time: before, ere.","B. prep. = before prep.   Now arch., regional, and (of place, position, or direction) Naut.\n\n2. Of time: in or at an earlier time than, previous to. Also: preceding in order of time, anterior to.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","9)","\"I said afooar 'at I'd niver seen mair o' t' oald jolly jist\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","6)","\"Ah bet them fifty pund at Ah wud shût two duzzen afooar to-morrah neet\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG8,#REF!,AL8,AQ8,AV8)","v":2}]
["ageànn",null,null,null,"β. OE–eME agean, OE–17 (18– regional) agen, lOE–eME agien, eME aȝæien, eME aȝæin, eME agæn, eME aȝæn, eME agaynd, eME aȝeain, eME aȝean, eME ageon, eME aȝeon, eME aȝien, eME agon (Norfolk), eME aiȝein, eME aþein, eME aþen, eME awen, ME aeyn, ME aȝain, ME aȝaine, ME agan, ME aȝan, ME agane, ME aȝane, ME agayen, ME agayene, ME aȝayn, ME aȝayne, ME agaynn, ME agaynne, ME aȝeen, ME aȝeene, ME aȝein, ME aȝeine, ME aȝen, ME agene, ME aȝene, ME aȝenn, ME aȝenne, ME ageyen, ME ageyin, ME aȝeyn, ME aȝeyne, ME ageyng, ME ageynn, ME ageynne, ME aȝeynne, ME aghan, ME aghayne, ME aghene, ME aȝin, ME aȝyan, ME agyn, ME aȝyn, ME agyne, ME aien, ME ayain, ME ayaine, ME ayan, ME ayane, ME ayayn, ME ayayne, ME ayean, ME ayeen, ME ayeene, ME ayeien, ME ayein, ME ayeine, ME ayene, ME ayenn, ME ayenne, ME ayeyen, ME ayeyn, ME ayeyne, ME azayne, ME azeyn, ME ogain, ME oȝain, ME ogaine, ME oȝan, ME ogayn, ME oȝayn, ME ogayne, ME oȝayne, ME ogaynne, ME ogein, ME oȝein, ME oȝeine, ME oȝen, ME oȝeyn, ME ogeyne, ME–15 ageyn, ME–15 ageyne, ME–15 ayen, ME–16 agayn, ME–16 agayne, ME–16 agein, ME–16 ageine, ME–17 againe, ME– again, lME aȝon (Norfolk), lME ayend, lME ayenie, 15 againge, 15 agayin, 15 agayine, 15 agayng, 15 agaynge, 15 akayne, 15–16 againg, 16–17 agin, 17 ughin (nonstandard); Eng. regional 17 agan, 17 agayn, 17 agein, 18 agane (north.), 18 aghayn (Northumberland), 18 aginn, 18– agaan (Yorks.), 18– again', 18– agean, 18– ageann (Cumberland),","(EDD Online: \"again, conj. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"again, adv., prep., and conj.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Germanic","Do Not Match","[ A. His cap and pantofles ready... And a candle again you rise, Massinger City Madam (1632) III. i. ME. Aȝeyn this cachereles cometh, Pol. S. 151. Cp. the use of aȝeines in P. Plowman: Aȝeines thi greynes... bigynneth for to ripe, b. xix. 314. B. 1. I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake, Bible Gen. viii. 21. 2. To and again, i.e. to and fro; see Autobiog. of Sir S. D'Ewes II. 353 (Nares). 3. Nay, come again, Good Kate, I am a gentleman, SHAKS. T. Shrew II. i. 217. 5. Ane amerciament of ane fals dome againe said in the Justitiars court, is ten pounds, Skene (N.E.D.).]","[Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian a-jēn , Old Dutch angegin , angegen , anegeginne , Old Saxon angegin , Old High German angegini < the Germanic base of on- prefix + a Germanic base either identical to or related to that of gain adj. (compare gain- prefix).]",null,"B. adv.\n\n4. Of reciprocal action: in return, back. Hence in intensive sense (cf. ‘to ring again').","A. adv.\n\nI. Expressing reversal or reciprocation.\n\n2. a. Into a former condition, state, or situation; once more.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","15)","\"he […] pack't them away into t' bags till they wer' beàth chock full ageàn.\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson:","37)","\"An' away Willie set off heamm ageànn wi' oot anudder word.\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","15)","\"When t' last line ov ivvery vurs com, she wid aw her might, an' than began ta mak comments […] ageán\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG9,#REF!,AL9,AQ9,AV9)","v":3}]
["ah","[ā]",null,null,"β. OE (rare)–ME (19– nonstandard) i, eME Hi, eME hi, eME Hy, eME ij, eME yi, eME yj, eME–15 y, eME– I, ME a (Yorks. and Norfolk), ME e, ME hij, ME hy, ME j, ME Y, 17– a (regional), 18– ah (regional), 18– oi (regional); U.S. regional (chiefly south Midland and south.) 18– ah, 18– uh, 19– Ah, 19– Hi, 19– Oy, 19– oy, 19– u; Eng. regional 17– a (chiefly north. and north midl.), 18 ai (Devon), 18 au (north. and north midl.), 18 aye (Yorks.), 18 ee (north.), 18 eh (Lancs.), 18 eigh (Yorks.), 18 ha (Yorks.), 18 O (Yorks.), 18– Aa (north.), 18– aa (north.), 18– Ah (north. and north midl.), 18– ah (north. and north midl.), 18– aw (north. and north midl.), 18– hah (Yorks.), 18– Oi, 18– oi, 19– A (chiefly north. and north midl.), 19– hi (Worcs.); Sc. pre-17 i, pre-17 y, pre-17 17– I, pre-17 18– a, 18– Aw, 18– aw, 19– A, 19– Aa, 19– Ah, 19– ah, 19– Eh (Dundee), 19– eh (Dundee), 19– ey (Dundee); also Irish English 18 a' (north.), 18– a (north.), 18– Oi (south.), 18– oi (south.), 19– A (north.), 19– Ah (north.), 19– ah (north.); ","(EDD Online: \"I, pron.\")","(OED Online: \"I, pron. and n.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","pronoun","pronoun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian ik (West Frisian ik), Old Dutch ic, ik, ih (Middle Dutch ic, ik, hic, Dutch ik), Old Saxon ik, (rarely) ek, ec (Middle Low German ik), Old High German ih (Middle High German ich, German ich), Old Icelandic ek, Norn (Shetland) yagh, yach, (enclitic) -a, Norwegian (Nynorsk) eg, (Bokmål) jeg, Old Swedish iak (Swedish jag), Old Danish iak, æk, ak (Danish jeg), Gothic ik, and also forms shown by early North Germanic runic inscriptions ek, ik, (as enclitic) -eka, -ka, -ika, -ak, ultimately < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ἐγώ (also ἐγών), classical Latin ego, Sanskrit aham, Old Church Slavonic azŭ (also jazŭ), Old Prussian as, (rare) es, Lithuanian aš, †eš: these forms apparently represent several different extensions of the same base, or in some instances this base without any extension.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. pron. The subjective case of the first person singular pronoun.\n\nI. As subject or subject complement.\n\n1. Used by the speaker or writer referring to himself or herself.\n\na. Generally.\n\n(a) As the subject of predication or in attributive agreement with the subject.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does  not mention \"I, pron.'s\" function as the first person singular pronoun. EDD entry entirely concerned with listing all variants of \"I,\" granting no space to grammar.",1893,"(Farrall: ","19)","\"Bit Ah mun give yê a few wurds ō Tom's histery.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB10,AG10,AL10,AQ10,AV10)","v":1}]
["airt","[ert]",null,"art","ME arcte (in a late copy), ME arte, ME (18– Eng. regional (north.)) art, 15 ett, 16 eate (Welsh English), 17 aith (Eng. regional (Yorks.)), 17– airt (chiefly Eng. regional (north.)), 18 airth (Eng. regional (Yorks.))","(EDD Online: \"art, sb.\")","(OED Online: ","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Gaelic","Irish","Do Not Match","[Angellis sall passe in the four airtis, Lyndesay Monarche, 5600 (N.E.D.). Gael. àird, a point, also a quarter of the compass.]","[Probably < Irish aird compass point, quarter, direction and its cognate Scottish Gaelic àird (Early Irish aird point, especially compass point), perhaps < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ἄρδις spearhead.]","OED specifies which branch of Gaelic \"airt\" stems from. \n\nEDD includes abbreviation for Irish Gaelic (\"Ir.\" cf. Wright 1898: xviii) but chose not to use it here. EDD got it wrong.","2. A direction, way; locality, district.","Chiefly Sc., Irish English (north.) and Eng. regional (north.) A quarter of the heavens; a point of the compass; a direction. Hence more generally: a quarter, a locality. Hence, all airts and pairts: all directions.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED lumps \"quarter of heavens\" sense and \"locality\" sense into one. Less well defined than EDD.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","195)","\"Wheyle helter-skelter frae a' airts, i' swarms the country drives\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["amakily","[əma·kli]",null,"amackally",null,"(EDD Online: \"amackally, adv.\")",null,"Yes","Yes","No","adverb",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,"English by Compounding",null,"No OED Etymology","[Amackally may be thus analyzed: Amack = a mak (for on mak), in a fashion; to this the advbl. suffix -ly has been added, hence the gen. mg., in a manner; see Mack.]",null,null,"To some degree; in some fashion; as it were.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","46)","\"Thur machine things come oot yan efter anudder 'at yan gits amakily teànn to them\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["amang","[əma·ŋ]",null,null,"OE on gemonge, on gemang(e, OE–ME onmang(e, OE–15 amang(e (north. after ME), ME–15 amonge, ME– among, 15– 'mong. North.ME omang, ME– amang","(EDD Online: \"among, prep.\")","(OED Online: \"among, prep. and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A",null,"Middle English","Old English","Do Not Match","[2. Vinello's... are much used among chocolate to perfume it, Dampier Voy. I. 235 (N.E.D.); Bawme helde Among a basket ful of roses, Chaucer Hous F. 1687.]","[originally a phrase, on in + gemang mingling, assemblage, crowd ( < gemengan to mingle, combine: see ming v.1); hence, with a noun in the genitive, ‘in the assemblage or company of ,’ then used prepositionally with dative or accusative. Before 1100, the full on gemang(e was reduced to onmang , whence by regular phonetic gradation amang , among . The simple gemang was also used prepositionally without on , giving later ymong prep., mong n.2 Between among and imong , thus used side by side, arose emong . Modern poets also abbreviate among to 'mong . There was a parallel bimong prep.]",null,"2. In, into; together with; esp. in phr. to mix among, put among.","A. prep. Prim. sign. In the mingling or assemblage of; hence, surrounded by and associated with.\n(Cf. amid adv. and prep., amidst adv. and prep., sometimes loosely used instead.)\n \nI. Of relation between object and objects.\n\n1. a. Of the local relation of a thing (or things) to several surrounding objects with which it is grouped: Surrounded by locally. (With pl. n.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","60)","\"He cuddent ha' oppen't his mooth to say owt bit theer hed to be two or three girt oaths amang't\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["ameast",null,"ameàst",null,"β. 15 ammost, 16– a'most (now regional); Irish English (north.) 19– amaist, 19– amost; also Sc. pre-17 amast, pre-17 17– amaist, pre-17 19– amest (Shetland), 18 ameaste, 19– aamaist (south.), 19– a'maist, 20– awmaist.",null,"(OED Online: \"almost, adv., adj., and n.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"adverb","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by compounding. < all adv. + most adv. Compare Middle Dutch almeest.]",null,null,"A. adv.\n\n2. a. Very nearly but not quite; well-nigh; all but.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","20)","\"They hev to start wark noo-a-days ameàst be they're peat-hee\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1,"Yes","No"]
["aneuf","[ənu·f]",null,null,"Also north.ME Sc. inuch(t, ME–15 ineuch, yneuch, ynewch(t, (15 aneuch(e, -gh, en(n)ewche, 16 æneuche), 17–18 Sc. eneuch, eneugh.","(EDD Online: \"enough, adj. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"enough, adj. (and n.) and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A","EDD does not separate grammatical categories into two definitions.\n\nBoth are lumped together and the reader must infer which grammatical form is being used from the entry's usage examples.",null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English genóg , later genóh , adjective (used in accusative neuter as adverb), corresponding to Old Frisian enôch , Old Saxon ginôg (Dutch genoeg ), Old High German ginuog (Middle High German genuog , genuoc , modern German genug ), Old Norse gnógr (Swedish nog , Danish nok ), Gothic ganôh-s < Old Germanic *ganôgo-z , related to the impersonal verb (preterite-present) Old English geneah , Old High German ginah , Gothic ganah ‘it suffices’, < Old Germanic *ga- (see y- prefix) + *nah, occurring also with different prefix in Old English beneah he enjoys, requires, Gothic binah it is right or needful. The Old Germanic root *nah < Aryan *nak appears also in Latin nancisci (past participle nac-tus) to obtain, Sanskrit naç to reach.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","B. adv. (In modern English enough normally follows an adj. or adv. which it qualifies; in Old English and Middle English it often preceded it, and occasional instances of this order occur in writings of the present century.)\n\n1. a. Sufficiently; in a quantity or degree that satisfies a desire, meets a want, or fulfils a purpose.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"enough, adv.\" It only provides dialect variants and usage examples.",1869,"(Gibson: ","19)","\"I leev't lang aneùf wid Betty to know 'at it's no'but a way she hes o' shewin' her likin'\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["anudder",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"another, adj. and pron. (and adv.)\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"pronoun","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[originally separately an other (often a nother , rarely a other ), and really two words, = a second , a remaining , a different . In Old English án not being yet weakened to the ‘indef. article,’ óðer was used by itself, as still in the plural other , absolutely others . See other v.]",null,null,"I. A second, further, additional. (Another is distinguished from the other, in that, while the latter points to the remaining determinate member of a known series of two or more, another refers indefinitely to any further member of a series of indeterminate extent; it is not therefore applied to the determinate second of two.)\n\n1. One more, one further; originally a second of two things; subsequently extended to anything additional or remaining beyond those already considered; an additional.\n\na. with n. expressed. (Pl. other.)","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","13)","\"Ye'll hardly hev t' feàce to tell me 'at ya bag o' steàns isn't as good as anudder bag o' steàns\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","62)","\"theer was ya pleace 'at we thowt wad be o' t' better for just anudder wedge.\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","11)","\"She was oot o' yan thing intil anudder as fast as leetnin'.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG16,AL16,#REF!,AQ16,AV16)","v":3},"Yes","No"]
["asseltree",null,null,null,"ME axeltre, ME–15 axil-, axyl-, ME axille-, exil-, exul-, exyl-, 15 assyl-tre, exeltree, 15–16 axell-, 16 axol-, axil-, 15–17 axel-, 15– axle-tree.","(EDD Online: \"axle-tree, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"axle-tree, n.\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Old Norse","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Middle English axel-tre , < Old Norse öxul-tré, < öxull axle n.1 + tré tree n., synonymous with the native ax-tree n. See axle n.2]",null,"Unclear, see notes","†2. a. The spindle or axle n.1   of any wheel; the ‘axle’ in the wheel-and-axle. Obs.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"axle-tree, sb.\" It only lists variant spellings.\n\nOED lists definition as obsolete, with the last usage example dating to 1664.",1871,"(Richardson: ","62)","\"Efter he'd deun grundin' his knife we began to examin 't ower, an' we fand 'at it hed gitten quite lowse i' t' asseltree,\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB17,AG17,AL17,AQ17,AV17)","v":1}]
["asteed","[əstiə·d]",null,null,"ME ine stude; ME in stude, ME in stud, in (yn) sted, ME in stede, in stid, in stide, 15 in steede, Sc. in steid, ( in stayd), 15–16 in steed, in steade, in stead; insteed(e, 16 insted, 16– instead.\n\nInitial a in place of prefixed \"in\" in Cumbrian dialect writing.","(EDD Online: \"instead, adv.\")","(OED Online: \"instead, adv.\"","Yes","No","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Middle English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[The two words in stead = ‘in place’, rarely written as one word before 1620, but seldom separately after c1640, except when separated by a possessive pronoun or possessive case, as in my stead , in Duke William's stead . Most frequently followed by of , in the prepositional phrase in stead of , instead of (= French au lieu de ); formerly also in the stead of , which is still used dialectally, e.g. in the southern counties of Scotland.]",null,"With on: instead of.","1. a. Phrase. instead of, †in stead of: In place of, in lieu of, in room of; for, in substitution for.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","14)","\"Ben wadn't play t' heàm meád fiddle asteed of his oan\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","22)","\"As seun as he com an' fand 'at he cuddent git in, he shootit varra illnatur't like, 'at we mud oppen't dooer ; bit asteed o' that we pot oor bit o' paper through t' kaywholl demanden a month helliday, an' neah tasks.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG18,#REF!,AL18,AQ18,AV18)","v":2}]
["aught","[out]","ought, owt","owt, owte, out","TWO MAIN FORMS LISTED IN OED:\n\nα. eOE aweht, OE awuht, OE awyht, OE–eME aht, OE–eME awiht, OE–ME auht, eME ahct, eME ahte, eME awicht, eME awihht ( Ormulum), eME awihðt, eME awyt, eME haht, eME hawet, ME aght, ME aȝt, ME aȝte, ME ahut, ME auȝt, ME auȝte, ME aut, ME awht, ME awt, ME– aught; Sc. pre-17 aght, pre-17 19– aucht, 17– aught; N.E.D. (1885) also records a form ME auȝht.\n\nβ. OE–eME oht, OE–eME owiht, eME hoht, eME hoþt, eME ogt, eME ohht ( Ormulum), eME ohte, eME ot, eME ougt, eME owhit, ME ȝout (probably transmission error), ME hoght, ME houȝt, ME hout, ME howth, ME ocht, ME ofte, ME oghte, ME ogth, ME oȝt, ME oȝth, ME ohut, ME ough, ME ouguht, ME ouȝt, ME ouȝte, ME ouȝth, ME ouht, ME out, ME oute, ME outh, ME ovght, ME ovt, ME owcht, ME owght, ME owghte, ME owgth, ME owhte, ME owt, ME owte, ME owth, ME owught, ME owyht (in a late copy), ME–15 oght, ME–16 oughte, ME– ought, 15 oft; Eng. regional 17–18 ort (chiefly south-west.), 18 oht, 18 owght; Sc. pre-17 oght, pre-17 oȝt, pre-17 outht, pre-17 owcht, pre-17 owicht, pre-17 oycht, pre-17 17– ought, pre-17 18– ocht, pre-17 18– oucht, 18 och; Irish English (north.) 18– ocht; see also owt pron.","(EDD Online: \"aught, pron., sb.3, adj. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \" aught, pron., adj., and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","pronoun","pronoun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian āwet , owet , aut , āt , ēt , Old Dutch iowiht (Middle Dutch iewet , iet , (with analogical -s ) iets , Dutch iets ), Old Saxon iowiht , eowiht (Middle Low German icht , īt , jēt , gicht ), Old High German iowiht , eowiht , iawiht , iewiht , (with prefixed second element) iogiwiht (Middle High German iht , ieht , iewet , iet , īt , German (now regional) icht )]",null,"1. pron. Anything; any conceivable quantity; anything of worth or value; in phr. or aught it is sometimes redundant.","A. 1. Chiefly in interrogative, negative, and conditional contexts: anything; anything whatever, anything at all, even the least thing.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","6)","\"I mind nae fortune, nor ought else, my heart's sae set on Sally\"","Poetry",1866,"(Gilpin: ","200)","\"They drank in piggins, peynts, or quarts, or ought that com' to han'\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","19)","\"Noo, if thoo misses owte, I'll say thoo's a bigger clot-heid nor I've teán the' for\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","35)","\"Theer was nobbut just t' brenth of a car hack't oot o' t' cragg feace; an' if owt went ower t' edge it wad gang reet doon into Ullswater\"","Prose",{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB19,AG19,#REF!,#REF!,AV19)","v":4}]
["awivver",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"however, adv.\")","(OED Online: \"however, adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< how adv. + ever adv. 6.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","3. Qualifying a sentence or clause as a whole: For all that, nevertheless, notwithstanding; yet; = but at the beginning of the sentence.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define adverb, but infers its meaning through presentation of usage examples.",1871,"(Richardson: ","25)","\"Bit, awivver, we'd won t' day, an' ye may be seur 'at we meadd rieeah laal noise aboot it,\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB20,AG20,AL20,AQ20,AV20)","v":1}]
["aye","[ē]",null,"ay","ME aȝȝ, ME ai, ME ei, aey, 15 aie, ME– aye, ME– ay.","(EDD Online: \"aye, adv.1\")","(OED Online: \"ay | aye, adv.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,"OE/ON","Latin","Do Not Match","[My synn is ay agayns me, Hampole Ps. l. 4; His libertee this brid desireth ay, Chaucer C.T. h. 174; He that hath holy writ aye in hus mouthe, P. Plowman (C.) xii. 31. OE. ā, ever; cp. ON. ei (ey).]","[Early Middle English aȝȝ , ai , ei : < Old Norse ei , ey , cognate with Old English á ( < *áw ), Middle English o , oo , Old Saxon eo , Old High German eo , io , Middle High German ie , modern German je , Gothic aiw , accusative of aiws ‘age, eternity’ < Germanic *aiwo-z , cognate with Latin aevum . Compare Greek ἀεί , αἰϝεί ‘ever,’ and αἰϝών- ‘age.’]","OED provides more detailed etymology, drawing etymons from several languages. EDD only considers Old English and Old Norse, as they are the two languages which had the greatest effect on the Cumbrian dialect (Wilkinson 2017: 47)","1. Always, ever; continually."," 1.  (a) Ever, always, continually;  (b) at all times, on all occasions. (Now only in Sc. and north. dial.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","54)","\"For the yen spot on earth that's aye dearest to me, is the turf that has cover'd my Willy frae me!\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB21,AG21,AL21,AQ21,AV21)","v":1}]
["bang1","[baŋ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"bang, v.\")","(OED Online: \"bang, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Scandinavian","Do Not Match","[1. My master beats like any Turk, He bangs me most severely, Carey (c. 1713) Sally in our Alley; To bang or beat, caedere, fustigare, verberare, Robertson Phras. (1693); The desperate tempest hath so bang'd the Turks, SHAKS. Oth. II. i. 21; To bangue, fustigare, Levins Manip. (1570).]\n","[First in 16th cent.; perhaps previously in northern dialect from Scandinavia. Compare Old Norse banga, Old Swedish bånga, to hammer; also Low German bangen, bangeln to strike, beat, German bengel cudgel.]",null,"8. intrans. To move, work, speak, &c., with rapidity, to rush violently; sometimes with preps. out, at, and along.","III.\n\n7. a. intr. (dial.) To throw oneself or spring with a sudden impetuous movement, to dash, to bounce.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","205)","\"Just leyke louse nowts they bang'd up stairs\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","36)","\"when they telt 'im, he bang't reet up to t' dooer, an' knock't\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG22,#REF!,AL22,AQ22,AV22)","v":2}]
["bat",null,null,null,"ME (dat. sing.) botte, (pl.) botten, ME bottes, ME–15 battes; ME–15 batte, 15–17 batt, ME– bat.","(EDD Online: \"bat, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"bat, n.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[I. 1. Bat, a heavy stick, a club, Ash (1795); A bat or club, fustis, baculus, Robertson Phras. (1693); Make you ready your stiff bats and clubs, SHAKS. Cor. I. i. 165; Here þis boy is, ȝe bade us go bary With battis, York Plays (c. 1400) 334; He nemeth is bat and forth a goth, Sir Beves (c. 1350) 391. II. 1. To have a batt at the Pope with the butt end of a Dominican, Whalley Establ. Rel. (1674) 22 (N.E.D.). III. 1. Of battys and broken bred thi bely for to fylle, P. Plowman (A.) xii. 70 (Ingilby MS.). 2. Of a bat of erthe a man and a mayde, Ingilby MS. (c.) xix. 92.]","[As the nominative singular does not occur in 13th cent., it is uncertain whether it was bat or batte, and thus whether it was an adoption of Old French batte (partly identical in sense, referred by Littré to battre to beat), or represented an Old English *bat (feminine) ‘fustis,’ alleged by Somner, from an unknown source. The forms in Layamon rather favour the latter; but in any case some of the senses are from French batte. The supposed Old English *bat is by some referred to a Celtic origin; compare Irish and Gaelic bat, bata staff, cudgel. The development and relations of the senses are obscure: some of them appear to be from the verb, and some may be immediately due to onomatopoeia, from the sound of a solid, slightly dull, blow: compare pat. Thus there may be two or three originally distinct words, though no longer satisfactorily separable.]","OED lists older languages than EDD: provides two possible root languages of Old French and Old English.\n\nEDD only lists more usage examples from Early Modern English.","II. A stroke; rate of motion.\n\n1. A sharp blow, a stroke. In pl. a beating.","III. A stroke.\n\n14. a. A firm blow as with a staff or club. Cf. bat v.1","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson:","46)","\"He use to mow wi' a sye 'at hed two yerds o' edge, an' he could fell fower square yerds ivvery stroke. He use to tak fower yerds o' breed an' a yerd forret ivvery bat.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB23,AG23,AL23,AQ23,AV23)","v":1}]
["beàth",null,null,null,"α. (Chiefly north. in later use) lOE–eME baðe, eME baþen, eME baða, eME baðen, ME baȝ, ME baith, ME baithe, ME bath, ME bathe, ME baþ, ME baþe, ME baye, ME bayhe, ME bayth; Eng. regional (Yorks.) 18 beeath; Sc. pre-17 baetht, pre-17 baicht, pre-17 baithe, pre-17 baitht, pre-17 bathe, pre-17 batht, pre-17 bathte, pre-17 bavth, pre-17 baycht, pre-17 bayt, pre-17 bayth, pre-17 baythe, pre-17 baytht, pre-17 beith, pre-17 beth, pre-17 beyth, pre-17 17 bath, pre-17 17–18 beath, pre-17 17– baeth (now Shetland), pre-17 17– baith, pre-17 (19– Shetland) baid, 19 beeth.","(EDD Online: \"both, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"both, pron., adv., and adj.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","pronoun","Do Not Match","OED",null,"Middle English","English by Compounding","Do Not Match","[1. It turnes bot tille þe bothe, Brunne Chron. (1330) 269. 2. (2) Cp. ME. bothe two. And harlotrye they tolden bothe two, Chaucer C. T. a. 3184.]","[Probably formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: bo adj., tho pron. and adj.\n\nEtymology: Probably partly (i) < bo adj. + tho pron. and adj., specifically as a coalescence of the Old English (feminine and neuter nominative and accusative) forms bā and þā (compare bo adj. Additions for a construction in which this collocation occurred),\n \nand partly (ii) directly < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic báðir , Old Norwegian báði (Norwegian både ), Old Swedish baþir (Swedish båda ), Old Danish bāthæ (Danish baade )), cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian bēthe , beithe , Old Dutch beithe (Middle Dutch beide , bēde , Dutch beide ), Old Saxon bēðia , bēðie , bēðea (Middle Low German beide , beide , beyde ), Old High German beide , bēde (Middle High German beide , bēde , German beide ) < the Germanic base of bo adj. + the Germanic base of tho pron. and adj.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. pron.\n\n1. a. With reference to two things, people, or groups previously specified: the two (without exception); the one as well as the other.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD definition does not define pronominal use of \"both.\" Defintions are as follow:\n\n1. The both, both, the two.\n\n2. In phr. (1) both of it, both of them; (2) both of the two, the couple of them; (3) none of 'em both, neither of them.\n\nIn the EDD: No explanation of the [headword]'s use, no mention of variant spellings and no mention of any grammatical category other than adj.",1869,"(Gibson: ","17)","\"she niver miss't gitten t' best price gā'n beàth for butter an' eggs\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson:","64)","\"\"Who's brokken t' grun- stane V What, we beàth shootit oot as bold as could be, \"Oor Bob dud.\"\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","17)","Sartinly, he gat far mair nor owder me nor Bob, or beàth tagidder\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG24,#REF!,#REF!,AQ24,AV24)","v":3}]
["beck","[bek]",null,null,"ME becc, ME–15 bek, ME–16 becke, 16 beke, ME– beck.","(EDD Online: \"beck, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"beck, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Germanic","Do Not Match","[A bek, torrens, riuus, Cath. Angl. (1483); Out of þe water þai gan it ta, And ordand it to be a brig, Ouer a-nother bek to lig, Leg. Holy Rood, ed. Morris, 82; Do til thaim as till iabin in the bek of cyson, Hampole Ps. lxxxii. 8 (c. 1330). ON. bekkr, a brook.]","[< Old Norse bekk-r (Dutch bæk, Swedish bäck), brook, rivulet < Germanic *bakki-z masculine; cognate with *baki-z, whence Old English bęce (masculine), Old Saxon bęki, Middle Dutch bēke, Dutch beek (feminine), and Old High German bah, modern German bach (masculine), also feminine provincially. Gothic preserves no form of this word, which is also unknown beyond Germanic.]","Good example of the difference between EDD and OED's purposes:\n\nEDD provides an etymology for \"beck, n.'s\" route into Cumbrian. The EDD's etymology stops at the language which the Cumbrian dialect borrowed \"beck, n.\" from (Old Norse in this case, cf. Wilkinson 2017: 47 for full discussion).\n\nOED provides complete etymology for \"beck, n.'s\" route into English. The OED's etymology stretches back to the earliest tracable language \"beck, n.\" appears in.\n\nEDD etymologies are concerned with each headword's history in the dialects of English only.\n\nOED etymologies are concered with each headword's history in its entirety (i.e. including all languages the headword interacted with on its progression into Standard English)","1. A brook, a small stream or river.","1. A brook or stream: the ordinary name in those parts of England from Lincolnshire to Cumbria which were occupied by the Danes and Norwegians; hence, often used spec. in literature to connote a brook with stony bed, or rugged course, such as are those of the north country.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","25)","\"to their stint the becks are fa'n.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB25,AG25,AL25,AQ25,AV25)","v":1}]
["bide1",null,null,null,"OE bídan, ME–15 biden, ME– bide","(EDD Online: \"bide, v.\")","(OED Online: \"bide, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Common Germanic","Do Not Match","[ I. 1. What shall I do the while? where bide? how live? SHAKS. Cymb. III. iv. 131; For ire he quook, no lenger wolde he byde, Chaucer C. T. 1576; Bot yeit he baid seuen dais in rest, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 1907. 3. Therfore shall a man leaue hys father and mother, and byde by hys wyfe, Cranmer (1539) Mark x. 7. II. 1. Þe oile o merci most þou bide, Cursor M. 955. 2. Myche baret shall þou bide, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 3483; That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm, SHAKS. K. Lear, III. iv. 29; There is no woman's sides Can bide the beating of so strong a passion, Twelfth Nt. II. iv. 97. OE. bīdan (pt. bād, pp. bidon), to wait.]","[ Common Germanic: Old English bídan (past tense bád , bidon ; participle biden ) = Old Saxon bîdan (Middle Dutch bîden ), Old High German bîtan (Middle High German bîtan , modern dialect German beiten ), Old Norse bíða , Gothic beidan < Germanic *bîdan to wait. Mostly replaced in modern English by its compound abide n., but regularly preserved in northern English and Scots, and also employed by 19th cent. poets, partly perhaps as an archaism, partly as an aphetized form of abide.]",null,"II. Trans. Pret. bade, bode, bude; also bided; pp. bidden, bodden.\n\n 2. To bear, endure, tolerate. Also intrans. Cf. abear, away with.","II. trans.\n\n†9. a. To endure, suffer, bear, undergo; = abide v. 15. Obs. exc. dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson:","50)","\"They can nowder bide heat nor coald.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["bide2",null,null,null,"OE bídan, ME–15 biden, ME– bide","(EDD Online: \"bide, v.\")","(OED Online: \"bide, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Common Germanic","Do Not Match","[ I. 1. What shall I do the while? where bide? how live? SHAKS. Cymb. III. iv. 131; For ire he quook, no lenger wolde he byde, Chaucer C. T. 1576; Bot yeit he baid seuen dais in rest, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 1907. 3. Therfore shall a man leaue hys father and mother, and byde by hys wyfe, Cranmer (1539) Mark x. 7. II. 1. Þe oile o merci most þou bide, Cursor M. 955. 2. Myche baret shall þou bide, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 3483; That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm, SHAKS. K. Lear, III. iv. 29; There is no woman's sides Can bide the beating of so strong a passion, Twelfth Nt. II. iv. 97. OE. bīdan (pt. bād, pp. bidon), to wait.]","[ Common Germanic: Old English bídan (past tense bád , bidon ; participle biden ) = Old Saxon bîdan (Middle Dutch bîden ), Old High German bîtan (Middle High German bîtan , modern dialect German beiten ), Old Norse bíða , Gothic beidan < Germanic *bîdan to wait. Mostly replaced in modern English by its compound abide n., but regularly preserved in northern English and Scots, and also employed by 19th cent. poets, partly perhaps as an archaism, partly as an aphetized form of abide.]",null,"1. Of persons: to wait; to tarry or remain in a place or condition to dwell, live. Also in phr. to bide away, back, to stay away, behind; bide off, keep away; to let bide, to let alone, leave unmolested.","I. intr.\n\n5. To remain in residence; to sojourn, dwell, reside. arch.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","9)","\"It wad be as weel for sūm on us if yé wad bide theear, if yé mean to carry on i' t' way ye're shappin'!\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["bit","[bit]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"bit, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"bit, n.2\")","Yes","Yes","No","adjective",null,"No OED Entry","EDD","Seems to stem from OED's defintion for \"bit, n.2\":\n\n\"2.  [This passes into the sense of:] Morsel, small piece (of food), without actual reference to biting. Hence dainty bit, tit-bit, etc.\" (OED Online: \"bit, n.2\")\n\nSense 5 of OED's entry for \"bit, n.2\" comes closer to EDD adjectival sense:\n\n \"5. colloq. A very small measure or degree, a jot, a whit; used adv. in the expressions a bit: a little, somewhat, rather; not a bit: not in the least, not at all; every bit: entirely, quite; a bit much: a little too much (to have to endure); something excessive or very annoying.\" (OED Online: \"bit, n.2\")\n\nHowever, \"bit\" functions as either a noun or an adverb in its usage examples. The distinction is slight, but the OED does not recognises the adjectival sense of \"bit.\"",null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English bita weak masculine, morsel, bit = Old Frisian bita , Old Saxon *bito , (Middle Dutch bete , Dutch beet bit, morsel), Old High German bizzo biting, Middle High German bizze , modern German bisse , bissen piece bitten off, bit, Old Norse biti bit, mouthful (Swedish bit , Danish bid bit, morsel) < Germanic *biton- weak masculine, < bítan to bite.]","OED etymology referenced from \"bit, n.2.\" Sense four is defined as: \"4.a. A small portion or quantity, a little (of anything material or immaterial)\", suggesting the concept of \"smallness\" expressed by the the adjective \"bit\" is borrowed from this sense, then made adjectival.\n\nEDD provides no etymology for \"bit, adj\" or \"bit, sb.1\" (morsel of food, \"smallness\" sense)","1. Small; freq. used as a term of endearment or of contempt.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD","No OED entry for \"bit, adj.\" Closest definition found in \"bit, n.2\", sense 4.a., which deals with the concept of \"smallness.\"",1866,"(Gilpin: ","55)","\"he has sent ye this bit cake\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["body",null,null,null,"15 (18– Eng. regional (north.)) boddy","(EDD Online: \"body, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"body, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Related to, and probably cognate with, Old High German botah, boteh, botec, potah, potach, podech body, corpse, trunk (of the body) (Middle High German botech, early modern German bottich, German regional (Bavarian, Austrian, and Swabian) Bottig, Pottich, Podach, also (in Bavarian and Austrian use) the main body or underpart of a woman's garment); further etymology unknown.]",null,"1. A person, any one, oneself; gen. implying that the person indicated belongs to the humbler classes, or is in some way an inferior.","III. A person.\n\n11. An individual; a person, typically one of a specified type or character. Now regional and colloq.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1893,"(Farrall: ","15)","\"t' best nabour ivver a poor boddy hed\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["bowster",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"bolster, n.1\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"noun","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Common Germanic: Old English bolster = Middle Dutch and Dutch bolster, Old High German bolstar (Middle High German bolster, modern German polster). Old English bolster is cognate with Old Norse bolstr (Swedish bolster ‘bed’, Danish bolster ‘bed-ticking’) < Germanic *bolstro-z, < Germanic root *būl to swell, the causative of which is found in Gothic ufbauljan to puff up.]",null,null,"1.  b. A cushion or pad for leaning or sitting upon, etc.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED","EDD does not provide defintion for \"cushion\" sense of \"bolster, n.\"",1893,"(Farrall: ","16)","\"At lang last, t' meear was yok't; t' bowster putten alang t' seat; in gat Joe and Matty […] an' away tey went.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1,"One, dating to 1701","No"]
["brat","[brat]",null,null,"Also OE bratt, 15 bratte.","(EDD Online: \"brat, sb.1 and v.\")","(OED Online: \"brat, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old Irish","Celtic","Do Not Match","[1. Brat, a rag, Bailey (1721); A bratte, panniculus, Levins Manip. (1570). 8. And a brat to walken inne by day-light, Chaucer C. T. g. 881. 11. To bratte, panniculis circumdare, Levins. OE. (Nhb.) bratt (Matt. v. 40); OIr. bratt (Macbain).]","[Of Celtic origin. Old English (Northumbrian) bratt was probably adopted < Old Irish brat(t (masculine), ‘cloth’, especially as a covering for the body, ‘plaid, mantle, cloak’ (compare Gaelic brat ‘haircloth for a kiln, apron; covering, mantle, veil’, Old Welsh *breth (or *brath), plural brith, bryth, applied to the swaddling-clothes of an infant: the modern Welsh brat ‘pinafore, rag’, is merely the English word.]","EDD doesn't include etymology for \"apron\" sense of brat, n.","2. A child's pinafore; an apron.","Obs. exc. dial.\n\n1. A cloth used as an over-garment, esp. of a coarse or makeshift character.\n\nb. midl., west., and north. dial. A child's pinafore; a woman's or girl's pinafore or apron. (See also quot. 1962.)\n","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","18)","\"When thu's meàd thy market […] thu'll gā t' draper's an' git me a yard o' check for a brat\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","2)","\"Ah pot on a clean cap, me white brat\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG31,#REF!,AL31,AQ31,AV31)","v":2}]
["braugham","[bā·fəm] or [bā·kəm] \n\nNeither match the expected pronunciation of Cumbrian variant \"braugham:\" no post-alveolar approximant [r] after the initial [b].",null,null,"ME bargham, barwam, berhom, beruham, berwham; also in mod. dial., barfhame (Durh.), barfan (Yorks.), bariham, barkham (Lancs.), baurghwan (north., Grose), brauchin, braugham (Cumberld.), brecham (Sc.), barkum (Craven).","(EDD Online: \"bargham, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"bargham, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Old English","Match","[Bargham, Barwam, epiphium, Cath. Angl. (1483); Hec epicia, a berhom, Voc. (c. 1450) in Wright's Voc. 811. OE. beorg- (fr. beorgan, to protect) + ham (hom), a covering; see Hames.]","[? < Old English beorg-an to protect + hame n.2, q.v.]","EDD etymology appears to be lifted from OED: OED entry for \"bargham, n.\" not updated since 1885.\n\nThe pair are suspiciously similar.","1. A horse-collar.","Obs. exc. dial.\n \nThe collar of a working horse.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","203)","\"Kit gat a braugham in his han', wi' veng'ance whurl'd it at him, the collar leeted roun' his neck, an' to the fleer it pat him.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB32,AG32,AL32,AQ32,AV32)","v":1}]
["bray1","[brē]",null,null,"Also ME–16 brai(e, braye","(EDD Online: \"bray, v.2 and sb.2 \")","(OED Online: \"bray, v.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Middle English","French","Do Not Match","[1. Þat hors... ran awaye, and faste gan neye and loude braye, Sir Ferumbras (c. 1380) 3669. 2. He sal here it... Bath cri and brai for dute and drede, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 22607.]","[Middle English braie, braye, < French brai-re (11th cent. in Littré) ‘to cry’ (now only of the ass), = Provençal braire to cry, Romansh bragir, medieval Latin bragire (Diez): perhaps of Celtic origin, < a stem brag- cognate with Latin fragor; compare Old Irish braigim ‘pedo’ (Thurneysen). The original sense would thus be ‘to make a crackling, grating, or jarring noise’.]","OED etymology contains many langauges. Most certain and convincing etymological progression is French/Latin route.","2. To cry out; to shout; to abuse.","1. a. intr. To cry out, to utter a loud harsh cry; esp. of grief or pain. Obs.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1893,"(Farrall: ","13)","\"Joe and Jim did laff, […] as for Matty, she clapp't her han's an' bray't till tears ran doon her cheeks.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["breed","[brīd]",null,null,"OE brædu, brædo (acc. brǽde), ME bræde, breade, ME–16 brede, (ME brade, ME brēd), ME–15 breede, 15–16 breed, breade, (16 braid), ME– Sc. breid, (15 breyde)","(EDD Online: \"bread, sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"brede, n.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Old English","Match","[Throuch all cuntreyes in lenth and breid, Dalrymple Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) I. 157; Al peynted was the wal, in lengthe and brede, Chaucer C. T. a. 1970. OE. brǣdu, breadth.]","[Old English brǽdu , -o ; corresponding to Old Frisian brêde , Low German brêde , Old High German breitî , Middle High German and modern German breite , Old Norse breidd (Swedish bred , Danish brede ), Gothic braidei , < Old Germanic *braidjôn- , abstract noun < *braido-z , in Old English brâd broad n.2 In the 16th cent. it began to be spelt breade , but this form was not established before the word was itself superseded in English use by the new formation bredeth , breadth n. Brede still survives in north English dialects, and in Scots, where it is usually written breid /brid/: compare abreid adv.]",null,"1. Breadth; a breadth of material; a space in a field. Cf. abrede.","Obs. exc. north. dial.\n\n1. a. Breadth, width.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","46)","\"He use to mow wi' a sye 'at hed two yerds o' edge, an' he could fell fower square yerds ivvery stroke. He use to tak fower yerds o' breed an' a yerd forret ivvery bat.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["brust",null,null,null,"OE byrst, OE–ME berst, birst, ME byrst, ME– burst.","(EDD Online: \"burst, v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"burst, n.\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Old English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[In sense 1 repr. Old English byrst (berst ) = Old High German brust < Old Germanic *brusti-z , < past participle stem of brestan to burst v. This seems to have become obsolete about the middle of 14th cent.; the modern noun was apparently < the verb in 16th cent. Compare the parallel brest n., brist n.]",null,"5. An outburst, vehement attack. Cf. birst, 1.","5. A vehement outbreak (of emotion or its expression).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","11)","\"t' oald jolly jist […] farily dreàv me rantin' mad, an' I dūd mak a brūst.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["brydewain",null,null,"bride-wain",null,"(EDD Online: \"bride-wain, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"bridewain, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< bride n.1 + wain n.1 wagon.]",null,"3. A ‘bidden’ wedding at which the friends of the bride and bridegroom are expected to contribute presents.","The wain or wagon on which a bride's ‘providing’ (surmounted by the spinning-wheel adorned with blue ribbons) used to be sent to her new home; also, a carved chest in which the providing was put, when of smaller compass; the contribution made to this by friends and neighbours, the wedding presents; the occasion on which these are given, a bidding wedding.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD recognises \"bride's wain (or wagon) sense to be obsolete. OED still includes it without usage notes (EDD Online: \"bride-wain, sb.\", OED Online: \"bridewain, n.\")",1866,"(Gilpin: ","193)","\"A youthfu' pair, by frugal thrift exceyted, wad hev a brydewain, an' o' course, the country roun' inveyted\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["buckle1",null,null,null,"ME bocle, bokle, bukyll(e, ME–15 bokel(l, ME bocul(e, -cull(e, -kull, -kyll(e, bukkel, ( bogyll), 15 bucle, ME– buckle.","(EDD Online: \"buckle, sb.1, v.\")","(OED Online: \"buckle, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","French","Do Not Match","[8. Is this an age to buckle with a bride? Dryden Juvenal (1693) VI. 37]","[< French boucle < Latin buccula (diminutive of bucca cheek)]","Differing language focus. EDD provides the etymology of this particular sense of \"buckle, v.\". In contrast, the OED provides an etymology for the general verb's first appearance in English [\"to fasten\"] (EDD Online: \"buckle, v.\", OED Online: \"buckle, v., buckle, n.\").","8. To join in marriage; to marry. Also in phr. to buckle to or with.","I. With reference to buckle n. 1. 4. a. trans. To unite in marriage. humorous or dial. Cf. splice v. 3.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","74)","\"Ilk day we live we fonder grow, though buckl'd fifty years ago\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["buckle2",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"buckle, sb.1 and v.\")","(OED Online: \"buckle, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","French","Do Not Match","[10. In single combat thou shalt buckle with me, SHAKS. 1 Hen. VI, I. ii. 95.]","[< French boucle < Latin buccula (diminutive of bucca cheek)]","Differing language focus. EDD provides the etymology of this particular sense of \"buckle, v.\". In contrast, the OED provides an etymology for the general verb's first appearance in English [\"to fasten\"] (EDD Online: \"buckle, v.\", OED Online: \"buckle, v., buckle, n.\").","10. To quarrel; to struggle, attack; to meddle with; to apply oneself to work, &c.","I. With reference to buckle n. 1.\n\n3. b. intr. (for refl.). To close, come to close quarters; to grapple, engage. Const. with (an adversary); also with advbs. together, in, rarely to. Obs. or dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","24)","\"Theer was aboot a scwore on us buckel't greet Joe, bit […] he was that strang 'at we cuddent aw stur 'im.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["buss","[bus]",null,"busk","Cf. \"busk, v.\"\n\nME buss; Sc. pre-17 buis, pre-17 17 bus, 18– buss.","(EDD Online: \"buss, v.2\")","(OED Online: \"buss, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Early Scandinavian","Do Not Match","\"buss\" = variant of \"busk, v.2\"\n\n[2. All suld arme thame hastely, And busk thame on thar best maner, Barbour Bruce (1375) xi. 394. 5. Þe kyng... to his bed buskes, Jos. Arim. (c. 1350) 202. ON. būask, to make oneself ready, refl. of būa, to prepare, to make ready (Vigfusson).]","[Etymon: Icelandic búask. < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic búask to prepare, to prepare oneself (to leave), to set out, to dress oneself, to array oneself, etc., reflexive of búa : see boun v.). Compare e.g. bask v.]","Near identical\n\nAlmost match, but EDD etymology specifically states ON, not Early Scandinavian.\n\nAttributable to lack of correct terminology and advances in the field of Etymology in the last 100-or-so years.","1. To dress, deck, adorn; see Busk, v.3 2.","2. trans. To clothe, dress; to dress up, adorn. Also: spec. to dress (a fishing hook); to prepare (a fly).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","197)","\"Wi' busy care the blushin' breyde an' maids theirsells are bussin\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["bworn",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"bear, v.1\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"verb","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English, Old Saxon, Old High German ber-an . Old Norse ber-a , Gothic bair-an < Germanic stem ber- = Latin fer- , Greek ϕερ- , Sanskrit bhar- . (The compound form, Gothic ga-bairan , Old High German ga-beran , Old Saxon gi-beran , Old English geberan , Middle English i-bere v.1, is in some of the languages more usual than the simple verb: compare Middle High German gebern , modern German gebären in sense IV.)]",null,null,"I. 2. a. fig. Said in reference to things immaterial, or to ideal carrying.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","17)","\"My granny cou'd not cure a bleedinng heart, I've bworn the bitter torment three lang year\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1,"Yes","No"]
["canny","[ka·ni]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"canny, adj., adv., int.\")","(OED Online: \"canny, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","English","Do Not Match","[1. The fatter benifices ar al amaist distributed cheiflie to nobil menis sones... to wit, quha appeiris to haue the counsel maist cunning, cumlie, and cannie, Dalrymple Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) I. 108. 6. (1) Sa honorable he was in armes,... sa cannilie could handle al kynd of wapne, LESLIE's Hist. Scot. II. 102.]","[A comparatively modern word: not found before 17th cent. Apparently < can v.1 in sense ‘to know how, be able’, or the derived Scots noun can n.1, ‘knowledge, skill’ + -y suffix1: compare Swedish kunnig. Canny, conny, thus originally was nearly = cunnand, cunning in its primary sense. But it has developed an extensive series of meanings, two or three of which are in common use in English literature to denote qualities considered characteristically Scottish. It is also current in the North of England as far south as Lancashire and the Humber, but in senses more or less distinct from the Scotch.]","OED is wrong. OED states there is no evidence of the adjective \"canny\" before the 17th Century, but the EDD includes a usage example from the late 16th Century.","6. Agreeable, pleasant, nice, good; comely, dainty. Applied as a gen. term of approbation or affection to persons and things.","9. Agreeable to the eyes or perception, tidy, seemly, comely; good, worthy, ‘nice’, very satisfactory. In the north of England (in some parts pronounced conny) a general epithet of approbation or satisfaction, as in ‘Canny Newcastle’, ‘the Canny Town’. In N. Lancashire, ‘of good size or amount’. (Cf. the vulgar ‘a tidy bit of money’, and the like.) Not a Scottish sense.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","56)","\"They brought him varra canny up, he had the best o' linen\"","Poetry",1893,"(Farrall: ","1)","\"She was gay canny to leuk at for-bye, she had plenty o' admirers\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["canty","[ka·nti]\n",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"canty, adj., adv.\")","(OED Online: \"canty, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Derivation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[A derivative of cant adj., either native or of Low German origin: compare Flemish and Low German kantig, similarly related to kant, there referred to.]",null,"1. adj. Pleasant, cheerful; merry, brisk, lively. See Cant, adj.","Sc. and north. dial.\n\nCheerful, lively, gladsome; esp. in Sc. manifesting gladness and cheerfulness; in north of England rather = lively, brisk, active:\n \n a. of persons.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin:","210)","\"Let us – sen leyfe is but a span – Still be as canty as we can\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["cap",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"cap, v.1\")","(OED Online, \"cap, v.1\" and \"cap, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< \"cap, n.1\"\n\nOld English cæppe , < late Latin cappa ‘cap’ (Italian cappa , Provençal capa , Spanish capa , Portuguese capa , Old North French and Picard cape , French chape , all meaning ‘cloak, cape, or cope’).]",null,"11. To puzzle, perplex.","4. b. dial. To pass the comprehension of; to puzzle, bring to one's wit's end.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","3)","\"He fairly cap't me noo. I dudn't ken what to mak o' sec a customer as t'is!\")","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["car","[kā(r)]",null,null,"ME care, ME–16 carre, ME– car","(EDD Online: \"car, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"car, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"French","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< Anglo-Norman and Old French (northern) carr, carre, Middle French car (c1100), variant of Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French char (French char : see char n.2) < classical Latin carrus , carrum , post-classical Latin carra (from 8th cent. in British and continental sources) kind of two-wheeled wagon for transporting burdens < the Celtic base of Gaulish carro- wheeled vehicle (in e.g. the place name Καρρόδουνον ), Early Irish carr wagon, chariot (Irish carr , Scottish Gaelic càr , both denoting various kinds of vehicles, now also specifically ‘motor car’), Welsh car vehicle, car < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin currere to run (see current adj.); compare currus chariot.]",null,"1. A common cart.","1. a. A wheeled, usually horse-drawn conveyance; a carriage, cart, or wagon. In later use chiefly with modifying words. Compare jaunting-car n. Now rare.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED defintion is more detailed, but the two definitions are essentially synonymous.\n\nMust remember: the EDD was compiled at a time when motorised cars were neither common nor usual. Benz patent-motorwagen was contemporary to Wright and was neither widely available nor particularly practical.\n\nHorse-drawn \"cars\" were the primary source of transport associated with the noun \"car,\" therefore bearing the core meaning of the word.",1893,"(Farrall: ","10)","\"Just wi'that, a leet car drov' intill t'foald\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["chimley",null,null,null," ME chimenee, chymenay, ME cheminey, chymeney(e, ME–16 chymney, ME– chimney. Also ME chimenai, chymnee, chemne, chimne, ME chymenei, chimeneye, chymne, chemney, chemyney, ME chemeney, chemenye, chemene, chymene, chymnei, chymeny, chymyney, chympne, schimnay, ME–15 chymny(e, 15 chimeney, chameney, chyminey, chymnaye, chymmeney, chimnie, chimnye, chimnej, 15–16 chimneye, 16–17 chimny, Sc.15 chimlay, chymlay, chimblay, 17 chimla, 17–18 (also dial.) chimlie, chimley, chimly, chumley, chumlay; also dial. and vulgar chimbly","(EDD Online: \"chimney, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"chimney, n.\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Middle English chimenee, etc., < Old French (and modern French) cheminée fireplace, and chimney, corresponding to Italian cam(m)inata fireplace, room with a fireplace < late Latin camīnāta, derivative of Latin camīnus ‘furnace, forge, oven’. Pliny ( H.N. xvii. xi) has fossūra camīnāta ‘hole dug out oven-shape, wider below’. Caminata as noun occurs in a Frankish document anno 584 ‘solarium cum caminata’. From the persistence of the medial i in Old French it is seen that the word was not an ancient popular word, but a very early adoption of caminata with subsequent phonetic evolution. As the usual sense in medieval Latin is ‘room with a fireplace’, it is assumed that this was short for camera caminata. The sequence of senses as seen in Italian, French, and English is ‘room with a fireplace’, ‘fireplace’, ‘smoke-vent over a fireplace’.]",null,"2. The grate, fireplace; the large open fireplace in a cottage.","†1. a. A fireplace or hearth. Obs. exc. dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","48)","\"They use to hev girt oppen chimleys whoar they could hing hofe a duzzen flicks o' bacon, an' as menny hams to dry an' smeuk\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["claes","[klēz]","cleàss",null,"Variants from \"clothes, n.\":\n\nOE cláðas, ME claþes, ME cloþes, ME– clothes, 15–17 cloaths, (north.ME–15 clathes, clathis). Also ME–15 (dial.–18) close, (ME cloysse, 15 cloese, 16–17 cloes; ME north. clase, Sc.15 clais, 17 clayis, 17–18 claise, claes n.","(EDD Online: \"claes, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"claes, n.\" and \"clothes, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Old English","Match","[He ordand that na scottis man suld veir ony clais but hardyn cotis, Compl. Scot. (1549) 96. A n. form of OE. clāðas, clothes.]","[\"claes, n.\" = English by derivation.\n\n\"clothes, n.\" = Old English, as demonstrated by the following etymology:\n\nThe original plural of cloth n. < Old English clá-ðas, Middle English clō-thes; the ō remaining in the (originally) open syllable, and the þ becoming ð between vowels, as in clothe verb, clothing, etc., and subsequently changing final s to z: compare truth, truths, staff, staves, etc. As the singular cloth is not now used in the sense of ‘a garment’, and has received a new plural cloths for its extant sense, clothes remains a collective plural, without a singular; to express the latter, a phrase, such as ‘article of clothing’, or another word, such as ‘garment’, is used.]","OED etymology is taken from \"clothes, n.\"\n\nOED includes less detailed etymology for \"claes, n.\", but refers the reader to the detailed etymology for \"clothes, n.\", in which \"claes, n.\" is covered.","1. Clothes.","Sc. and Eng. regional (north.).\n \n  = clothes n.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED defintion is taken from \"claes, n.\"",1871,"(Richardson: ","25)","\"We saw neah mair o' Isaac Todd. We thowt 'at he'd mebby geann heamm an' to bed till his cleàss gat dry.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["claver","[kla·və(r)]",null,"clavver",null,"(EDD Online: \"claver, v.2\")","(OED Online: \"","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Danish","Danish","Match","[Two kynges were clymbande, and clauerande one heghe, Morte Arth. (c. 1420) 3324, ed. Brock, 98. Da. klavre, to climb, clamber, Du. klaveren, LG. klauern (Berghaus).]","[First found in 13th cent.; compare Danish klavre to climb, clamber, and modern Dutch klaveren, kleveren, Low German klauern, in same sense; Old Norse had klifra to climb. All these are regarded as frequentatives, from the verb-root klif-, kliv-, in Old Germanic kliƀ- to stick, adhere, hence to climb. Compare also Middle English cleafer, Old English clifer, claw, talon.]",null,"To climb, clamber up, gen. used of children.","Obs. exc. dial. intr. To climb, clamber. (Some take it in first quot. as = clutch, claw.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","21)","\"Sin lall wee things we claver'd owre yon steel\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["clog","[klog]",null,null,"Also ME–16 clogge, (ME cloge), 16 clogg.","(EDD Online: \"clog, sb.2, v.2, v.3\")","(OED Online: \"clog, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[1. Wooden clogs, soleae ligneae, Coles (1679).]","[Known since 14th cent.; derivation obscure.]",null,"1. sb. A shoe with a wooden sole, gen. of alder-wood, strengthened with iron at the heels and edges; a wooden shoe.","6.  \n\n(a) A wooden-soled overshoe or sandal worn (chiefly by women) in some localities, to protect the feet from wet and dirt;  \n\n(b) a shoe with a thick wooden sole protected by a rim of metal, worn in the north.  [Probably the name belongs originally to the thick wooden sole alone: compare clog v. 9]","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD definition particularly well-reflected in usage example from Farrall (1893: 19).\n\n\"eller wood\" = elder wood, used in the manufacture of \"clog swols\" (clog soles).",1893,"(Farrall: ","19)","\"Theear was a seál ō' sum burk an' eller wood, for clog swols, up in t' Banks\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["cockweb","[kok-web]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"cock-web, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"cock-web, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Middle English","No EDD Etymology",null,"Middle English coppeweb , < coppe spider (see cop n.3) + web n.",null," 1. A spider's web, cobweb.","regional. = cobweb n.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","17)","\"The gushing bluid wi' cockwebs staid; then on the sair an healing plaster laid\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["coppy","[ko·pi]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"coppy, sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"coppy | coppy-stool, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,null,null,"A small wooden stool with three or four legs, much use by children. Also in Comp. Coppy-stool.","north. dial.\n\nA low stool.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED definition provides much less information on the nature of the stool and its usual users than the EDD.\n\nObviously a piece of furniture common only to rural England.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","199)","\"The breyde now on a coppy-stool, sits down\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["crack1","[krak]",null,null,"OE cracian, ME craky, chrakien, ME craken, (ME cracche), ME–16 crake, crak, ME–15 crakke, 15–16 cracke, 15– crack.","(EDD Online: \"crack, sb.1, v., adj.\")","(OED Online: \"crack, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Common Germanic: Old English cracian ( < *krakôjan ) = Old High German krachôn , chrahhôn , Middle High German and modern German krachen , Middle Dutch crāken , modern Dutch and Low German kraken . Modern Dutch has also a by-form krakken , dialect High German kracken < Old Low German krakkôn . Compare also French craquer , cracquer in same sense (16th cent.), perhaps < German.]",null,"22. To talk, converse, chat, gossip.","I. Referring mainly to the sound.\n\n7. a. intr. To converse briskly and sociably, chat, talk of the news (see the trans. ‘crake a word’ in sense 5). Sc. and north. dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","212)","\"We've […] crack'd away, till gaun to be was queyte forgitten\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","7)","\"Seah they sat an' supp't an' crack't on till towards eight o'clock\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG51,#REF!,AL51,AQ51,AV51)","v":2}]
["crack2","[krak]",null,null,"ME–15 crak, ME krakke, ME krak, 15 crakke, crake, 15–16 cracke, 15– crack.","(EDD Online: \"crack, sb.1, v., adj.\")","(OED Online: \"crack, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Goes with crack v. The noun is not known in Old English, but corresponding forms occur early in the cognate languages: Old High German chrac, dialect German krack, Dutch krak, and Old High German *chrah, Middle High German and German krach, Middle Dutch crak (dative crāke), modern Dutch kraak, East Frisian krak and krâk. Compare also French crac (in Cotgrave 1611), similarly related to craquer.]",null,"7. Talk, conversation, gossip, chat","5. a. Brisk talk, conversation; pl. news. Sc. and north. dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","USE FOR CURRENT RESEARCH:\n\nOddly, no usage examples cited in the OED for \"crack, n.5a.\" . Perhaps something this research can provide?",1866,"(Gilpin: ","208)","\"Yet, man, it's lang sen we, togither, Hev hed a crack wi' yen anither\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","20)","\"a pint o' yall an' a crack.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB52,AG52,AL52,AQ52,AV52)","v":2}]
["crack3","[krak]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"crack, sb.1, v., adj.\")","(OED Online: \"crack, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Goes with crack v. The noun is not known in Old English, but corresponding forms occur early in the cognate languages: Old High German chrac, dialect German krack, Dutch krak, and Old High German *chrah, Middle High German and German krach, Middle Dutch crak (dative crāke), modern Dutch kraak, East Frisian krak and krâk. Compare also French crac (in Cotgrave 1611), similarly related to craquer.\n\ncrack, v.:\n\nCommon Germanic: Old English cracian ( < *krakôjan ) = Old High German krachôn , chrahhôn , Middle High German and modern German krachen , Middle Dutch crāken , modern Dutch and Low German kraken . Modern Dutch has also a by-form krakken , dialect High German kracken < Old Low German krakkôn . Compare also French craquer , cracquer in same sense (16th cent.), perhaps < German.]",null,"3. An instant, moment, short space of time, ‘jiffy,’ trice. Gen. in phr. in a crack. In gen. colloq. use.","orig. An imitation of the sharp sound caused by the sudden breaking of anything hard; whence, I. any sharp dry sound, II. a break or breaking of various kinds, with III. sundry transferred applications.\n\nI. Of sound.\n * inarticulate.\n\n2. a. The time occupied by a crack or shot; a moment, instant. in a crack: in a moment, immediately (cf. in a twinkle at twinkle n. 2). colloq.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1893,"(Farrall: ","6)","\"\"Fessents! At this season?\" sed Bob. \"Wey man, they're just breedin' an' if yê war to kill yan noo, ye wad wad be teán ta Cockermuth in a crack.\"\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["crony",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"crony, n.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"noun","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Early Modern English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Found first after 1660. According to Skinner 1671 ‘vox academica’, i.e. a term of university or college slang. No connection with crone has been traced.]",null,null,"a. An intimate friend or associate; a ‘chum’.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","62)","\"What, Jacob an' me war terrible girt cronies still. We hardly ivver fell oot\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1,"Yes","No"]
["cuddy","[ku·di]",null,null,"Also cuddie","(EDD Online: \"cuddy, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"cuddy, n.3\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Of uncertain derivation: the senses here grouped may be distinct in origin: sense 2 is perhaps from Gaelic.\n\nIn sense 1, a word of the same homely status in Scotch as donkey is in English, for which written evidence begins only in the 18th cent. It has been plausibly conjectured to be the same word as Cuddy, a familiar diminutive of Cuthbert in some parts of the north. Compare the analogous application of Neddy, Dicky, to an ass; but unlike these, cuddy has, now at least, no conscious connection with the proper name, being, like donkey, simply a common noun. The Gypsy origin conjectured by Jamieson has no basis in fact; there is no name for the donkey common to the Rommany dialects, and the Scottish Gypsy term is eizel from German.]",null,"1. An ass, donkey. Cf. cud, sb.3","Chiefly Sc.\n1. a. A donkey. (Also cuddy ass.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","23)","\"This Joe Thompson was a girt fellow, a gay bit abeun two yerds lang, an' he was as strang as a cuddy, bit as num as a coo ; an' a job o' that mak just suitit 'im.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["darrak","[da·rək]",null,null,"Also ME dawerk, dawark, 17 daurk, 18 daark, dark, darrak, darroch","(EDD Online: \"darg, sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"darg, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"English by Variation","English by Variation","Match","[1. A syncopated form of daywark, ‘day-work.’]","[A syncopated form of daywerk, or daywark, daywork n., through the series of forms dawark, *da'ark, dark, darg, the latter being now the common form in Scotland.]",null,"1. sb. A day's work; the amount of work done in a day. Also used fig.","Sc. and north. dial.\n \nA day's work, the task of a day; also, a defined quantity or amount of work, or of the product of work, done in a certain time or at a certain rate of payment; a task.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","3)","\"I've nit sèa offen hed a harder darrak […] as I hed followin' that oald grey heidit chap an' carryin' his ledder bags.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["deame","[diəm]",null,null,"ME Sc. deym(e, ME– deme, 18 north. dial. deame, deeam.","(EDD Online: \"sb.\")","(OED Online: \"dame, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Latin","Do Not Match","[1. She was both pantler, butler, cook, Both dame and servant, SHAKS. Winter's T. IV. iv. 57. 3. Suche wordes as we lerneden of our dames tonge, Test. Love (c. 1385) Prol. 37; The sire, the son, the dame, and daughter die, SHAKS. Lucr. (1593) 1477. 4. The Grecian dames are sunburnt, SHAKS. Tr. & Cr. I. iii. 282.]","[Old French dame (11th cent. in Littré) < earlier damme = Provençal dama , domna , Italian donna < Latin domina lady, mistress, feminine of dominus lord, master. A variant now differentiated is dam n.2]","Perhaps due to differing language focus: EDD is concerned with how the noun \"deame\" came into the dialects of English, not the English language as a whole. Although the progression of the noun into the English standard may have been Latin > Provençal > Old French > English, \"deame\" may have arrived in the dialects of English around the Middle English period.","1. The mistress of a house; a wife, esp. the wife of a farmer or yeoman.","2. a. The ‘lady’ of the house, the mistress of a household, a housewife. Now arch. or dial. ( my dame = my wife, my ‘missus’), or humorously applied to an aged housewife.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin:","49)","\"And oft peeps out his winsome deame\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["deù",null,null,null,"cf. OED Online \"do, v.\", forms, section 1. Infinitve. Full discussion provided.","(EDD Online: \"do, v.\")","(OED Online: \"do, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian dwā , dwān to do, carry out, to give, to bring, to make, to cause, to inflict, to hit (West Frisian dwaan ), Old Dutch duon to make, to perform, carry out, to do, to handle, deal with, to cause (to be), to cause (to do something), also as substitute for another verb (Middle Dutch, Dutch doen ), Old Saxon dōn , dōan , duan to do, make, perform, to proceed, to place, lodge, put, to take, to give, bestow, grant, also as substitute for another verb (Middle Low German dōn ), Old High German tuon to do, make, carry out, perform, to prepare, to show, to cause, to inflict, to give, to put, place, to happen (Middle High German tuon , German tun ), ultimately < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit dhā- (3rd singular present indicative dadhāti ) to put, place, to impose, to produce, Avestan dā- , Old Persian dā- to put, place, ancient Greek θη- (present τίθημι I put, derivative noun θωή a penalty imposed), classical Latin -dere (in abdere to put away, condere to put together, dēdere to lay down; compare also facere to make, do: see fact n.), Old Church Slavonic děti to do, to say, Lithuanian dėti to put, lay, Tocharian A tā- , Tocharian B tättā- , both subjunctive stems of a verb with the sense ‘to place’, although the stem vowel of the Germanic present tense forms (apparently reflecting *ō ) is difficult to account for.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","I. As a main verb.\n\n4. trans.\n\na. To perform, execute, achieve, carry out, effect, bring to pass.\n \n(a) With an object denoting action, frequently expressed by a general noun or pronoun, e.g. work, a thing, that, it, what, etc.\n\nIn phraseal verbs:\n\nto do with —— \nCf. senses 10a(d), 10b(b), 10a(b).\n\n2. trans. With indefinite pronoun or (esp.) what (in an interrogative clause) as object.\n\nb. With reflexive prepositional object: to occupy oneself with (an activity). Frequently in not to know what to do with oneself: to be unsure as to how to occupy oneself; to be at a loss as to how to act or behave, esp. as a result of distress, embarrassment, etc.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD only lists the declentions of the verb. ",1871,"(Richardson: ","62)","\"We duddent know what to deù than.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["dibbler","[di·blər]",null,null,"ME dobler(e, dobeler(e, dub(b)lar, ME dobbler, dowbler, Sc. dibler, ME– doubler, dubler, (18 dial. dibbler).","(EDD Online: \"dibbler, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"doubler, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","No","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology",null,"[ < Anglo-Norman dobler, dubler, = Old French doblier , doublier a kind of dish, also, a liquid measure, napkin, towel, bag, satchel < Latin duplārium liquid measure, bag, purse, < duplus double n.]",null,"A large dish made either of earthenware, wood, or metal.","Now only dial.\n\nA large plate or dish.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED defintion is less specific about materials.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","199)","\"An' crowns and hauf-crowns thick as hail, are in the dibbler jinglin'\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["dike/dyke","[daik]",null,"deyke",null,"(EDD Online: \"dike, sb. and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"dike | dyke, v.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"OE/ON","Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. OE. dīc, a ditch, ON. dīk. Thames The King of dykes! Pope Dunciad (1728) 11. 261. 6. Victor commandet to erecte the dyk betuene Abircorne and clyd mouth;... it is ȝit called Grames Dyke, Dalrymple Leslie's Hist. Scotl. (1596) I. 203. MDu. dijc, an embankment (Verdam). 9. A maner dyk off stanys thai had maid, Wallace (1488) III. 133. II. This dike or causey, Goldsmith Nat. Hist. (1774) I. vi. v.]","[Old English díc masculine and (especially in later use) feminine, ditch, trench, cognate with Old Saxon, Old Frisian dîk (masculine), mound, dam, Middle Dutch dijc mound, dam, ditch, pool, Dutch dijk dam; Middle Low German dîk , Low German dîk , diek dam, Middle High German tîch pond, fishpond, German teich pond, also (from Low German) deîch embankment; Icelandic dík , díki neuter ditch, fishpond, Swedish dike ditch, Danish dige dam, embankment, formerly also ‘ditch’. The application thus varies between ‘ditch, dug out place’, and ‘mound formed by throwing up the earth’, and may include both. The Old English díc has given ditch as well as dike , and the conditions under which the two forms severally have arisen are not clear: compare like n.2 The spelling dyke is very frequent, but not etymological.]","OED provides more detailed etymology, drawing etymons from several languages. EDD only considers Old English and Old Norse, as they are the two languages which had the greatest effect on the Cumbrian dialect (Wilkinson 2017: 47)","15. v. To dig a ditch; to throw up a bank of earth in making a ditch. (3) Diking, vbl. sb. (a) the act of cleaning or making a ditch or dike"," 1. intr. To make a dike, ditch, or excavation; to dig.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Gilpin's (1866: 54)  usage example defined as a \"verbal substantive\" as Wright (1898:  xviii)",1866,"(Gilpin: ","54)","\"Willy was deykin, the time to beguile\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["ding","[diŋ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"ding, v.1 and sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"ding, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Old Norse","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Frequent from the end of the 13th cent. (in later use chiefly northern), but not recorded in Old English. Probably < Norse: compare Icelandic dengja to hammer, to whet a scythe, Swedish dänga to bang, thump, knock hard, Danish dænge to bang, beat. In Norse it is a weak verb, and the strong conjugation in English, which after 15th cent. is Scots or northern dialect, may be on the analogy of sing, fling, etc.]",null,"II. Dial. uses. 1. v. To strike, knock, beat; to drive, force; to dash down with violence, overthrow. Also used fig.","2. a. trans. To beat, knock, strike with heavy blows; to thrash, flog; also its dial. equivalent = to drive, push, knock, or dash. to ding to death: to kill by repeated blows. (Now dial., chiefly Sc. or north.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD mentions figurative use, as illustrated by Gilpin (1866: 76)",1866,"(Gilpin: ","76)","\"The priests and lawyers ding me dead, but gude kens wha's the best\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["dinner","[di·nə(r)]",null,null,"ME–15 diner, dyner, ME dinere, dener, ME–16 dynere, ME dynnere, dyneer, 15 denere, dynar, dynnor, dynner (Sc. dennar, denner), 15– dinner.","(EDD Online: \"dinner, sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"dinner, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"French","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Middle English diner , < French dîner (11th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), subst. use of present infinitive dîner to dine v.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","The chief meal of the day, eaten originally, and still by the majority of people, about the middle of the day (cf. German Mittagsessen), but now, by the professional and fashionable classes, usually in the evening; particularly, a formally arranged meal of various courses; a repast given publicly in honour of some one, or to celebrate some event.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define noun, but infers its meaning through presentation of usage examples.",1869,"(Gibson: ","20)","\"I bowte o' t' things at she wantit, an t' 'bacca for mysel an' gat a gud dinner at Mistress Boo's\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","21)","\"when t' maister went heàmm tull his dinner, we use to bar up aw t' dooers an' windows, an' waddent let 'im in ageàn.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG62,#REF!,AL62,AQ62,AV62)","v":2}]
["dirl","[də̄l]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"dirl, v., sb.\")","(OED Online: \"dirl, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Scots","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Allied to Scots thirl to pierce, to thrill v.1, and to drill v.3 It is not a simple phonetic development of thirl, since th does not become d in the north; but it seems to be due to some onomatopoeic modification.]",null,"1. v. To pierce, drill; to tingle, thrill; to cause to vibrate by a blow, or thrill with the sensation of pain or pleasure; to scold.","Sc. and north. dial.\n \n1. trans. To pierce, to thrill; to cause to vibrate, cause a thrilling sensation in by a sharp blow.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","211)","\"Raptures dirl thro' every part\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB63,AG63,AL63,AQ63,AV63)","v":1}]
["durdum","[də̄·dəm]",null,"dirdum","ME durdan, 15– dirdum, 16–18 dirdam, dirdom, durdum, 18 durden, durdem, dordum, dyrdum","(EDD Online: \"dirdum, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"dirdum, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Derivation unknown: apparently not connected with Scots dird stroke, blow. It has been compared with Gaelic diardan anger, surliness, snarling, and with Welsh dwrdd, ‘sonitus, strepitus’ (Davies).]","OED unsure of noun's derivation, but attempts to find possibilities. EDD makes no attempt. \n\nHeadword is found in usage examples dating to the 15th Century. Not an undocumented \"rare\" word in the dialects of English by any means; poor practice for the EDD to leave out ME usage examples.","1. Noise, uproar; tumultuous proceedings; a noisy quarrel.","Sc. and north. dial. 1. Uproar, tumultuous noise or din.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","56)","\"We've had sec a durdum at Gobblestone Parish, for twenty lang years there's nit been sec a far\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB64,AG64,AL64,AQ64,AV64)","v":1}]
["ebbem","[e·bəm] or [e·bən]","ebben",null,null,"(EDD Online: \"even, adj., adv. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"even, adv.\" and \"even, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English efne , by assimilation emne , efen , = Old Frisian efne , ivin , Old Saxon efno (Dutch even ), Old High German ebano (Middle High German ebene , German eben ) < Germanic *eƀnô , < *eƀno- even adj. (In literary use the contracted form e'en/iːn/ now occurs only in verse, and in colloquial use it is rare exc. northern dial.)]",null,"4. adv. Straight, direct. Fig. upright, straightforward.","I. In senses closely related to the adj. (Chiefly admitting of degrees of comparison.)\n\n†5. a. Directly, straight; also of descent: In a direct line. Obs. See also evendown adv.\n\n(Related adjectival sense would be:\n\n†4. Of a path: Straight, direct. Of movements or speech: Direct, straightforward. Of a visible object: Directly in front. Obs.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED lists sense as obsolete. Perhaps obsolete in Standard English, but sense persists at least into 19th Century in Cumbrian dialect.",1869,"(Gibson: ","2)","\"away we set […] ebbem up t deàl\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB65,AG65,AL65,AQ65,AV65)","v":1}]
["eddle","[e·dl] or [ē·dl]",null,null,"ME addill, ME adill, ME adyl, ME adyll, ME 16 addle, ME–15 adle, 15 addil, 18 eddle (Sc.); Eng. regional 16– adle, 17– addle, 18 aadle, 18– adel, 18– aidle, 18– aydle, 18– eddil (north.), 18– eddle (north.)","(EDD Online: \"addle, v.2\")","(OED Online: \"addle, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb",{"$f":"IF(AND(K66=\"\", L66=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Entry\",IF(K66=L66, \"Match\",IF(K66=\"\",\"No EDD Entry\", IF(L66=\"\",\"No OED Entry\",\"Do Not Match\"))))","v":"Match"},"N/A",null,"Old Norse","Early Scandinavian",{"$f":"IF(AND(P66=\"\", H66=\"No\", I66=\"No\"), \"No EDD Entry\",IF(AND(P66=\"\", Q66=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Etymology\", IF(P66=Q66, \"Match\", IF(P66=\"\", \"No EDD Etymology\", IF(Q66=\"\", \"No OED Etymology\",\"Do Not Match\")))))","v":"Do Not Match"},"[To adle [earn], salarium vel praemium mereri, Coles (1679); To addil, demerere, Levins Manip. (1570); To adylle, commereri, adipisci, Cath. Angl. (1483); Hu mann mihhte cwemenn Godd & addlenn heffness blisse, Ormulum (c. 1205) 17811; Þatt mihhte gilltenn aniȝ gillt & addlenn helle pine, Ormulum 17544. Cp. ON. øðla, refl. øðlask, to acquire (for oneself) property, cogn. with ōðal, property.]","[A borrowing from Early Scandinavian\n\n< early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic ǫðla (reflexive) to acquire property for oneself < óðal property: see udal n.).]","Both EDD and OED recognise that \"addle, v.\" is derived from a Scandinavian language.","1. To earn, acquire by one's labour.","Eng. regional (chiefly north.).\n \n 1. trans. To earn (money, etc.). Also in early use: †to deserve (punishment, etc.); to merit (spiritual reward, etc.) (obs.).",{"$f":"IF(AND(V66=\"\", W66=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Definition\", IF(V66=\"\", \"OED Definition Only\", IF(W66=\"\", \"EDD Definition Only\", IF(AND(H66=\"Yes\",V66=\"Unclear, see notes\"), \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\", \"EDD and OED Definition\"))))","v":"EDD and OED Definition"},"Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","2)","\"Thinks I to me-sel, \"I's gān to eddle me five shillin' middlin' cannily\"\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB66,AG66,AL66,AQ66,AV66)","v":1}]
["faikins","[fē·kinz]",null,"faickins, ","15–16 feckins, 15–17 fackins, 16–17 faikine, 17 feggings, 18 faikins, 16 fac, feck, 16–18 facks, 17–18 fags, 18 faags, faiks, feck(s, faix, 17– fegs.","(EDD Online: \"faikins, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"fegs, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"English","Early Modern English","Do Not Match","[Fay (faith) q.v. + -kin, dim. suff.]","[The forms here collected are distortions of fay n.1, faith n. and int., perhaps with suffix -kin suffix, -kins suffix, frequent in such trivial quasi-oaths; compare bodykins, by'rlakin.]","OED lists usage examples dating back to the late 16th Century. EDD etymology implies a recent formation of \"faikins\" within Modern (19th - 20th Century) English. Perhaps due to differing language focus, but EDD provides a misrepresentation of the noun's etymology.","Gen. in phr. i' faikins, in truth, verily.","2. As simple asseverative.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED also lists a different sense of faikins: \" 1. As an (unmeaning) n. in exclamatory phrases expressing asseveration or astonishment. See also i'fegs int.\" (OED Online: \"faikins, n.), Possible for this sense to also be applied to usage examples with similar meaning of the exclamatory phrase \"by jove\" (or equivalent). EDD lists Gilpin (1866: 55) as a usage example also, so the \"verily\" sense of  the noun is preferred here.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","55)","\"And if it isn't yen o' they, i' faikins, I hae missed it.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB67,AG67,AL67,AQ67,AV67)","v":1}]
["fain","[fēn]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"fain, adj.1, adv.\")","(OED Online: \"fain, adj. and adv.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A","Particular use of \"fain\" as an adjective meaning \"desirous, eager\" in Cumbria is not recognised in the usage examples of the EDD.",null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English fægen, fægn = Old Saxon fagan, fagin, Old Norse feginn; allied to Old English geféon (past tense feah), Old High German (gi-) fehan (past tense fah) to rejoice.]",null,"2. Desirous, eager. Also used advb","3. a. Disposed, inclined or willing, eager. Const. †of, †for, to with inf. arch. or dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","55)","\"With aw the chat o' this bit pleace, my Jenny's fain to treat me\"\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","11)","\"t' oald jolly jist, 'at I thowte wad be sa fain to see mé agean\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","63)","\"he sed,  \" What will ye gi' me an' I'll tak t' bleamm on't 1 If ye'll nobbut gi' me a shillin', ye may say 'at I dud it.\" We war fain eneuf o' that\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB68,AL68,#REF!,AQ68,AV68)","v":3}]
["famish","[fē·məs]\n\nEDD pronunciation guide does not seem to match Cumbrian pronunciation: post-alveolar fricative is noted in variant spellings listed by Wright, but ignored in his pronunciation guides (EDD Online: \"famous, adj.\").\n\nResearcher·s pronunciation (in personal use) = [famiʃ]",null,"Specifically Cumbrian forms:\n\nfamish, faymish\n\nBoth appear to use a post-alveolar fricative /ʃ/ in place a alveolar fricative /s/.","OED does not recognise Cumbrian variant spelling/ pronunciation.","(EDD Online: \"famous, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"famous, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< Anglo-Norman famous, Old French fameus (modern French fameux ), < Latin fāmōsus , < fāma : see fame n.1 and -ous suffix]",null,"Used as an emphatic expression of approval: excellent, splendid, ‘capital’; also used as adv.","5. Used (chiefly colloq.) as an emphatic expression of approval: Excellent, grand, magnificent, splendid, ‘capital’.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Gilpin's (1866: 201) use of \"famish\" appears to the researcher (from modern Cumbrian-speaking background) to be be used as a verb, with the sense \"to hunger for, to crave.\"",1866,"(Gilpin: ","201)","\"Nae matter, trifle as it was, it made them famish spwort\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","6)","\"It wad be a faymish job if fadder could sell o' t' steàns iv oor fell at five shillin' a pwokeful – wadn't it?\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB69,AG69,AL69,AQ69,AV69)","v":2}]
["fash1","[faʃ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"v.2, sb.5, adj.2\")","(OED Online: \"fash, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"French","French","Match","[1. The Veanis war sa faschit be continuall ambicioun,\n Bellenden Livy (1533) 393. Fr. fascher (mod.Fr. fâcher), to\n annoy, trouble (COTGR.).]","[< Old French fascher (French fâcher).]",null,"1. v. trans. To trouble, afflict; to inconvenience, vex, annoy by importunity, to weary; also used refl. to trouble oneself, bother.\n","1. trans. To afflict, annoy, trouble, vex. Also, to give trouble to, bother, weary. Also refl. and to fash one's beard, to fash one's head, to fash one's thumb: to take trouble.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","17)","\"Betty was fashed sadly wid t' rhematic iv her back\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["fash2","[faʃ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"v.2, sb.5, adj.2\")","(OED Online: \"fash, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"French","French",{"$f":"IF(AND(P71=\"\", H71=\"No\", I71=\"No\"), \"No EDD Entry\",IF(AND(P71=\"\", Q71=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Etymology\", IF(P71=Q71, \"Match\", IF(P71=\"\", \"No EDD Etymology\", IF(Q71=\"\", \"No OED Etymology\",\"Do Not Match\")))))","v":"Match"},"[Derived from \"fash, v.2\":\n\n1. The Veanis war sa faschit be continuall ambicioun,\n Bellenden Livy (1533) 393. Fr. fascher (mod.Fr. fâcher), to\n annoy, trouble (COTGR.).]","[< fash v.1:\n\n< Old French fascher (French fâcher).]",null,"7. sb. Trouble, disturbance, care; labour, hardship; vexation.","Sc. and north. dial.\n\nTrouble, vexation; bother, inconvenience; also, something that gives trouble. to take (the) fash: to take (the) trouble, to be at the pains.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","209)","\"Leyfe, at the best, is nowt owre pleasin', As every day soe fash comes teasin'\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["fearful",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"fearful, adj., adv\")","(OED Online: \"fearful, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","No","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Middle English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[fear v. + -ful suffix.]",null,"3. adv. Extraordinary, out of the common; very, extremely, exceedingly, used as an intensitive.","I. 2. c. objectively adv.= fearfully adv.   Obs. in educated use; in some dialects merely intensive","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","7)","\"Some lads court fearful hard\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["feckless","[fe·klas]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"feckless, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"feckless, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"English","English by Derivation","Do Not Match","[1. The same word as lit. E. effectless (SHAKS.). Cp. Fr. homme de peu d'effect, a weak and witlesse fellow (COTGR.).]","[Formed within English, by derivation. < feck n.1 + -less suffix. Compare slightly earlier feckful adj.]","EDD makes confusing comparison with French.\n\n\"Feckless, n.\" formed within English: feckless = \"feck, n.\" + \"-less suffix\" < \"feck, n.\" = shortened variant of effect.\n\nNOT a borrowing from French, so why include it in the etymology?","1. Weak, feeble, powerless, impotent. Also used advb. and subst.","orig. Sc. and Eng. regional (chiefly north.).\n \nOf a thing: valueless, futile, feeble. In later use chiefly of a person (or a person's actions or attributes): lacking vigour, energy, or capacity; weak, helpless; (now more usually) irresponsible, shiftless.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","200)","\"Indeed there were some feckless fwok, that luik'd to be owre neyce.\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","3)","\"he keep't on at this feckless wark\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["feckly",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"feck, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"feckly, adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,"Middle English","English by Derivation","Do Not Match","[2. Swa sall we fend the fek off this regioun, Wallace (1488) viii. 700. The same word as ME. effect, the bulk, the greater part (Chaucer C.T. d. 1451).]","[Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: feck n.1, -ly suffix2.]","EDD etymology  based on etymology for feck, n. According to the OED, \"feck, n.\" is:\n\n\"Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item.  < Apparently aphetic < effeck, variant of effect n.\"\n\nAdverbial etymology ignored by Wright, likley due to its formation within English by derviation.","adv. for the most part, chiefly, mostly; almost, nearly. Derived from 2. sb. A part, portion, esp. the greater or larger part, the majority, bulk; abundance, quantity.","2. For the most part, mostly; almost.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","199)","\"I'th' meanteyme the fiddlers changg'd and play'd […] till the offering it was feckly duin\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["fell1",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"fell, v.1 and sb.4\")","(OED Online: \"fell, n.5\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Conversion","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Etymology from \"fell, v.\":\n\nCognate with Old Frisian fella , falla , Old Dutch -fellen (in tefellen : compare to- prefix2; Middle Dutch, Dutch vellen ), Old Saxon fellian (Middle Low German vellen ), Old High German fellen (Middle High German vellen , German fällen ), Old Icelandic fella , Old Swedish, Swedish fälla , Old Danish fællæ (Danish fælde ), a causative formation < the Germanic base of fall v.]",null,"9. sb. A knock-down blow.","1. The action of fell v., in various senses.\n\nd. Eng. regional (north.) and Sc. A blow capable of knocking a person down. Now rare.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","201)","\"Some amaist got fel't\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["fender",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"fender, n.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"noun","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< fend v. + -er suffix1.]",null,null,"3. a. A metal frame placed in front of a fire to keep falling coals from rolling out into the room.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","48)","Aw fwok mun hev their fenders an' their bits o' carpet spread afwore t' fire,","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","11)","\"Ah tell't her ta draw up till t' fire, an' set her feet on t' fender\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG76,#REF!,AL76,AQ76,AV76)","v":2},"Yes","No"]
["fetch","[fetʃ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"fetch, v. and sb.2)","(OED Online: \"fetch, v.\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Old English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English fecc(e)an ; according to Platt ( Anglia VI.) and Sievers an altered form of fetian (see fet v.), the originally syllabic i having, it is supposed, become consonantal, and the resulting combination /tj/ having developed into the closely resembling sound expressed by cc, i.e. either the geminated palatal stop, or something between this and its modern representative /tʃ/. Compare Old English orceard orchard < ort-geard.]",null,"10. To deal, strike a blow. In gen. colloq. use.","8. a. To deal, strike (a blow); to make (a stroke). Now chiefly colloq. †to fetch a fetch: to try a stratagem.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","10)","\"I'll fetch thee a clink under't lug\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB77,AG77,AL77,AQ77,AV77)","v":1}]
["fettle1","[fe·tl]",null,null,"ME–15 fettel, ME–16 fetle, (ME fettil, fetyl), ME–15 fetel(e, 18 dial. fottle, ME– fettle.","(EDD Online: \"fettle, sb.1, v.1, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"fettle, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Middle English","Old English","Do Not Match","[ME. fetlen, to make ready.]","[Possibly < Old English fętel, fettle n.1; the primary sense would then be ‘to gird up’.]",null,"12. To set about doing anything; to set to work, begin, commence. Gen. with in, on, or to.","†2. a. refl. and intr. for refl. To get (oneself) ready; to prepare; to address oneself to battle. Obsolete exc. dialect (see quot. 1855).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","OED","Although these definitions may not appear synonymous at first glance, the OED lists two usage examples with sense 2. of \"fettle, v.\" which confirms their synonymy. They are reprinted here fore convenience:\n\n1674   J. Ray N. Country Words   Fettle, to set or go about any thing.\n\n1855   F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 56   ‘We are just fettling for off.’\n\nThe first usage example is a glossary entry matching the EDD definition, whilst the second is a parallel usage to \"fettle, v.\" in [usage example 1] of this study.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","207)","\"I heamwards fettled off, reet tir'd, Just as the sun was peepin'\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB78,AG78,AL78,AQ78,AV78)","v":1}]
["fettle2","[fe·tl]","fettel",null,"ME–15 fettel, ME–16 fetle, (ME fettil, fetyl), ME–15 fetel(e, 18 dial. fottle, ME– fettle.","(EDD Online: \"fettle, sb.1, v.1, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"fettle, n.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Middle English","Old English","Do Not Match","[ME. fetlen, to make ready.]","[Possibly < Old English fętel, fettle n.1; the primary sense would then be ‘to gird up’.]",null,"1. sb. Condition, state; order, repair; esp. in phr. in fettle, in good fettle, &c.; fig. temper, humour.","1. Condition, state, trim; in phr. (to be) in (good, high, etc.) fettle. Also in pl. the points, ‘ins and outs’ (of anything); but this may belong to fettle n.1","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","20)","\"I set off I' gŭd fettle  for Kes'ick\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","10)","\"Jim pot on his gray tweed troosers […] and ses, \"Noo, me lass, Ah's i' fettel\"\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG79,#REF!,AL79,AQ79,AV79)","v":2}]
["feúl","[fūl]",null,null,"ME fol, (ME folle), ME–15 fole, (ME foyl), ME–15 foule(e, (ME fowle), ME–16 foole, (15 foolle), ME–18 Sc. fule, ME–15 full(e, ME–16 Sc. fuil(l, -yll, (ME fwle), ME– fool, 15 south. vool, 15 Sc. fuyl.","(EDD Online: \"fool, sb., adj.\")","(OED Online: \"fool, n.1 and adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old French","Latin","Do Not Match","[5. Qui did þou þus, þou fole womman? Cursor M. (c. 1300) 886. OFr. fol, foolish (La Curne).]","[Middle English fōl noun and adjective, < Old French fol noun and adjective (modern French fou noun, insane person, madman, fou adjective masculine, before vowel fol, feminine folle), corresponding to Provençal fol, folh, Italian folle < Latin follem, follis, lit. ‘bellows,’ but in late popular Latin employed in the sense of ‘windbag,’ empty-headed person, fool.]","EDD recognises Old French as origin of \"feul, n.\" in English dialects.\n\nPossible that the word was transferred into the dialects of English via Old French.","Unclear, see notes","A. n.1\n\n1. a. One deficient in judgement or sense, one who acts or behaves stupidly, a silly person, a simpleton. (In Biblical use applied to vicious or impious persons.)","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","No definition for \"feul, n.\" in the EDD. Meaning inferred by compounds and usage examples.",1869,"(Gibson: ","4)","\"I hedn't woak't far till I begon to think that I was as gūrt a feul as t'oald jollt jist to carry brocken steàns o't' way to Skeàl-Hill\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","7)","\"Ah know yā thing thoo is, an' that's a big feúl.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG80,#REF!,AL80,AQ80,AV80)","v":2}]
["flaitch","[flētʃ]",null,"flarch","ME–15, 18 flech(e, ME fleeche, ME, 15 flesche, 15 fleache, ME–15 flei(s)che, 15 fleitsche, 16 fleitch, 16–17 fleetch, 18 dial. flaich, 15– fleech","(EDD Online: \"fleech, v. and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"fleech, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[1. The fals flechand Vlixes, Douglas Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, 11. 72.]","[Of obscure origin; the identity of the senses with those of Old Germanic *þlaihan and its derivatives (Gothic ga-þlaihan to treat kindly, console, Old High German flêhôn , flêhen to fondle, flatter, beseech, Middle High German vlêhen , modern German flehen to beseech, Dutch vleien to flatter) suggests that the word may represent an Old English *flǽcean < Old Germanic type *þlaikjan , related to *þlaihan , as Old English tǽcean teach v. to téon( < *tîhan).]",null,"3. trans. To beguile, cajole, wheedle; to beseech, entreat, importune; sometimes with up.","Sc. and north. dial.\n \ntrans. To beguile, cajole, coax, wheedle; to entice, wheedle into going, to a place. Also, in good sense: To beseech, entreat. Also absol. and intr. (const. on, with), to speak coaxingly or beseechingly; to flatter, fawn.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","14)","\"It com into my heid 'at it's better to flaitch a feùl nor to feight wid him\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB81,AG81,AL81,AQ81,AV81)","v":1}]
["fling","[fliŋ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"fling, v., sb., adj.\")","(OED Online: \"fling, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Old Norse","No EDD Etymology",null,"[apparently closely related to Old Norse flengja, Middle Swedish flängia, Middle Danish flænge to flog (modern Icelandic flengja, Swedish flänga, Danish flänge, also intransitive, to move impetuously). As the English verb is recorded only as strong, it is difficult to regard it as adopted from the Scandinavian weak verb; it may represent a prehistoric Old Norse *flinga, of which flengja is a derivative.]",null,"3. To throw, esp. in wrestling; of a horse: to throw its rider; fig. to throw over, to jilt; to disappoint; to deceive, cheat; in pass. to be behindhand with one's work.","II. trans. 5. a. To throw, cast, toss, hurl. Frequently with adverbs, as about, aside, away, by, out, up, etc.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Mixture of senses II. 5. a. and II. 14. a.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","50)","\"\"Come, Bess, fling by the wheel,\" says he, \"and gie's the Broom o' Cowdenknowes\"\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB82,AG82,AL82,AQ82,AV82)","v":1}]
["fluet","[flū·-it]",null,null,"flewit, fluet","(EDD Online: \"flewet, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"flewet, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Unknown","Do Not Match","[With his hand he... gaue Syr Thomas... a good flewet upon the vpper part of the neck, Foxe Martyrs (1583) II. 1474 (N.E.D.).]","[Of unknown origin.]",null,"A smart blow, stroke; a blow with the back of the hand.","Obs. exc. Sc. and dial.\n\nA smart blow or stroke, a buffet.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin:","203)","\"Fetch'd him a fluet under th' lug.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB83,AG83,AL83,AQ83,AV83)","v":1}]
["foald","[foud]",null,null,"OE falæd, falod, falud, OE–ME fald, ME fald(e, (ME south. vold), ME–15 fo(u)ld(e, (ME foolde), ME–15 Sc. fald, ME–18 Sc. fauld, 18 dial. faud, fowd, fowt","(EDD Online: \"fold, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"fold, n.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English falæd, falod, falud, fald, strong masculine, apparently corresponding to Middle Low German vālt, modern Low German falt, Dutch vaalt, East Frisian folt enclosed space, dunghill.]",null,"4. A farm-yard; an area or enclosed space standing about a house.","2. a. An enclosed piece of ground forming part of a farm, as a farm-yard.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","1)","\"an oadl gentleman mak' of a fellow com' in tul ooar foald.\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","10)","\"Just wi'that, a leet car drov' intill t'foald an' Ah ses– \"Well, Ah declare, theear's oald Joe Watson and Matty cum ta see us.\"\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG84,#REF!,#REF!,AQ84,AV84)","v":3}]
["forret","[fo·rət]",null,null,"OE foreweard, forweard, forwęrd, ME–16 foreward(e, ME–15 forwarde, 15 foret, 18 dial. forat, foret, forrad, forrat","(EDD Online: \"forward(s), adv., adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"forward, adj., adv., and n.\" and \"forrit, adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Old English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English for(e)weard , adjective and adverb; see fore adv. and -ward suffix. The adjective seems to have become obsolete after the Old English period, and to have been redeveloped from the adverb in the 16th cent. The adverb (Old English foreweard) was apparently in origin the neuter accusative of the adjective.]",null,"II. Dial. uses.\n\nadv. In phr. (3) back and forward, backwards and forwards","B. adv.\n\n4. d. back or backward and forward: to and fro; see back adv. 14   and backward adv. 5b.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","62)","\"Noo, when we gat to grundin' we nwotish't 'at t' grunstane wabblet back an\" forret, an' hed neah stiddiness in 't.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB85,AG85,AL85,AQ85,AV85)","v":1}]
["frae",null,null,"fro","α. (chiefly north. and Sc.) ME–16 fra, ME–15 fray, (15 fre, frea), 17–18 frae; β. ME– fro, (ME froo, 16 frow).","(EDD Online: \"fro, prep., adv.\")","(OED Online: \"fro | frae, prep., adv., and conj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A","EDD lumps both the prepositional and adverbial sense of \"frae\" (\"fro\") into the same entry. Confusing to reader; ill-defined.",null,"OE/ON","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< Old Norse frá, corresponding to Old English fram , from prep., adv., and conj.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. prep. (Now only Sc. and dial.)\n\n1. a. = from prep.   in all its senses.\n\nSpecifically:\n\nA. prep.\n\n6. Denoting removal, abstraction, separation, expulsion, exclusion, or the like:\n\n b. Denoting privation, separation, abstention, freedom, deliverance, etc. (from a state, condition, action, etc.). (OED Online: \"from, prep.\")","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not even provide reader with Standard English equivalent, as the OED does. ",1866,"(Gilpin: ","210)","\"Wey, than, we'll frae this subject pop an' cease this cantin'\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["fremtly","[frem(d)] + [li]\n\nEDD pronunciation guide does not seem to match Cumbrian orthography.\n\nResearcher would transcribe \"fremtly\" with dental plosive, as:\n\n/frɛm(t)li/",null,null,"OE fræmde, frem(e)de, Northumb. fremþe, ME–15 fremde, ME fræmde, Orm. fremmde, freomede, south. vreomede, ME frem(m)ed(e, (ME fremned, frimmed), ME fremyd, ME–18 Sc. frem(m)it, -yt, ME–16 frem(m)e, (16 fremb), ME–16 frem(e)(d, fremb'd(e, 15 frenned, 16, 18 Sc. frem, (18 fraim), 15, 17 Sc. fram(m)et, (17 fram'd, 18 fraumit), 18 Sc. frem't, frem(m)'d.","(EDD Online: \"fremd, adj., sb.\")","(OED Online: \"fremd, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Common Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. Afiliation, adoption, or the conferring on fremme children all advantages belonging to natural ones, COTGR. A faucon peregryn than semed she Of fremde land, Chaucer C. T. F. 429. OE. fremde, foreign. 5. Ho so for-saketh Hus fader other hus frendes, fremde othere sibbe, P. Plowman (C.) xiii. 155.]","[Common Germanic: Old English fręmede , fręmde , fręmþe = Old Saxon fremithi (Dutch vreemd ), Old High German framadi , fremidi strange, wonderful (Middle High German vremede , vremde ), Gothic framaþs foreign, estranged < Old Germanic *framoþjo- , framiþjo- < *fram- : see from prep., adv., and conj.]",null,"Derived from \"fremd, adj.\", sense 2.:\n\n2. Cold, reserved, distant; estranged, unfriendly, at enmity; poor, mean; also used advb.\n\nHence:\n\n(2) Fremtly, adv. unkindly, coldly, strangely.","Derived from \"fremd, adj.\", sense 3. a.:\n\n3. a. Like a stranger, estranged, unfriendly. Of the bearing, voice, etc.: Strange, forced, unnatural. Const. in Old English with dat., with, till.\n\nHence:\n\nˈfremdly adv. strangely, like a stranger; unkindly.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","210)","\"What, if the hand of fate unkind has us'd us fremtly, need we peyne?\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["fuddled","[fu·dl]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"fuddle, sb., v.\")","(OED Online: \"fuddle, v.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","verb","Do Not Match","EDD","OED does not recognise adjectival sense of \"fuddled.\"",null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Of obscure origin; compare Dutch vod soft, slack, loose, German dialect fuddeln to swindle.]",null,"3. v. To drink heavily, get drunk. Hence (1) Fuddled, ppl. adj. confused, stupefied with drink; drunk; also used fig.","2. a. trans. To confuse with or as with drink, intoxicate, render tipsy.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","205)","\"Mull'd yell an' punch flew roun' leyke mad, the fiddlers a' gat fuddled\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["fwok","[foək]",null,null,"Cumbrian spelling is not recognised by OED Online:\n\nOE–ME folc (pl. folc), ME folche, Orm. follc, follk, ME folck, south. volck, ME folc, south. volc, volk, ME–15 folke, ME–17 fok(e, (ME fokke), 15 folck(e, 17 Sc. fouk, ME– folk.","(EDD Online: \"folk, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"folk, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English folc, strong neuter = Old Frisian folk, Old Saxon folc (Dutch volk), Old High German folc, neuter, masculine (Middle High German volc, neuter, masculine, modern German volk neuter), Old Norse folk, neuter, people, army, detachment (Swedish, Danish folk) < Old Germanic *folkom. The original sense is perhaps best preserved in Old Norse; compare Old Church Slavonic plŭkŭ (Russian polk) division of an army, Lithuanian pulkas crowd, which are believed to be early adoptions < Germanic.]",null,"2. Men, people; often in pl.","3. a. Men, people indefinitely. Also, people of a particular class, which is indicated by an adj. or some attributive phrase.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Prevost (1899: 131) defines \"Fwoke\" as the following:\n\n\"Folk, people; the men say \"woman folk\" and \"woman body,\" whilst the women say \"men folk\" and \"man body\"\"\n\nWarranting the use of OED Online \"folk, n.\" as a source for this entry.",1871,"(Richardson: ","49)","\"Fwok burn't nowt than bit wood an' peats,\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["gaan",null,null,null,"cf. OED Online \"go, v.\", forms, section 6. Present Participle. Full discussion provided.","(EDD Online: \"go, v. and sb.\" and \"going, vbl. sb., ppl. adj. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"go, v.\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian gān , Old Dutch gān , gēn (Middle Dutch gaen , Dutch gaan ), Old Saxon -gān (in fulgān to accomplish; Middle Low German gān ), Old High German gān, gēn (Middle High German gān , gēn , German gehen ), and Crimean Gothic geen (not attested in earlier Gothic), further etymology uncertain (see note).\n \nCompare Old Icelandic gá (late and rare), apparently ultimately < an East Norse word (compare Old Swedish gā (Swedish gå ), Old Danish gaa (Danish gå )), itself either cognate with the West Germanic words listed above or borrowed < Middle Low German.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","IV. intr. Special uses of particular forms of the verb.\n\n** Special uses of the present participle.\n\n 51. Expressing a plan or intention that something will happen (usually soon), or making a prediction that something will happen, based on present events or circumstances.\n\na. In the progressive with a following to-infinitive. To be planning or intending to do or be something; to be likely or due to do or be something. Cf. gonna v.\n\n(b) colloq. With zero auxiliary.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD Defintion: \n\n\"I. v. Gram. Forms\n\n3. Prp.: (2) Gaan\"\n\nNo clear definition given, merely a display of grammatical forms and dialectal variants.\n\n\"Going, vbl. sb., ppl. adj. and adv.\" also provides no clear definition.",1871,"(Richardson: ","34)","\"Bit, awivver, I was gaan to tell ye 'at Willie use to mak thur bands, an' hoops, an' things, an' carry them to Peerath\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["gation","[gē·ʃən]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"gaishen, sb.\")",null,"Yes","Yes","No","noun",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,"Old Norse",null,"No OED Etymology","[1., 2. ON. gǣsni (gǣxni), silliness, in mod. Icel. a lean, spectral person (Vigfusson).]",null,null,"1. A skeleton, an emaciated person.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","210)","\"Rememb'ring heav'n has order'd man To practice patience, An' not to murmur 'neath His han' Leyke feckless gations\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["gear1","[giə(r)]",null,null,"ME gære, ME ger, ME guere, ME–15 gheer(e, ME gare, ME–15 gayre, gaire, geyre, ME–18 ge(e)r(e, geir(e, ME–15 geyer, 15–17 geare, 15– gear","(EDD Online: \"gear, sb., v.\")","(OED Online: \"gear, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. I beseche yow that this ger be not forget, for I have not an hole hose for to doon, Paston Letters (1465) II. 233. ON. görvi, apparel. 2. Sex hundreth cartes wit al þeir geres, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 6221. 4. Joseph and nichodeme... Wid þaim broght þai gere enogh, vte of his fete þe nail droght, Cursor M. 24485. 9. Some harmless villager, Whome thrift keeps up about his country gear, Milton Comus (1634) 166. 10. I am na fay... But a goodman, that lives o' my awn geer, Jonson Sad Shepherd (1637) 11. i, ed. Cunningham, II. 499. 17. Non may on the trust, ne in thy fals gere, Rom. Partenay (c. 1500) 276. 20. Osep dede hise lich faire geren, Gen. & Ex. (c. 1250) 2441.]","[Middle English gere , probably < Old Norse gervi, gørvi = Old English *gieru (poet. in plural gearwe , with pre-English change of declension), Old Saxon garewi , gerwi , Old High German garawî , gar(e)wî < Old Germanic *garwîn- weak feminine, < *garwu- ready, yare adj., whence *garwjan to make ready, Old Norse gerva , gørva , gera , gøra to make, gar v.]","OED lists several languages which could have etymological significance to \"gear, n.\"\n\nEDD only looks at English languages for \"wealth\" sense of \"gear, n.\"","10. Goods, property, effects; possessions of any sort, wealth, money, cattle.","III. Stuff.\n\n9. †b. Sc. and north. dial. Possessions in general, wealth, money. goods and gear = wealth, property. †free gear (see free adj. 23b). Obs.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","208)","\"Wi' health, lang leyfe, an' rowth o' gear\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["geavlock","[ga·vlək]",null,null,"OE gafeluc, gaveluc, ME gaveloc, ME–15 gavelok ( gaw-), ME gavilok, gavylok, 15 gaiflok, 15–16 gavelocke, 18 gav'loc(k), gowelock, dial. geavelock ( -lick), ME, 16– gavelock.","(EDD Online: \"gavelock, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"gavelock, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Old English","Match","[1. Item, ane litle gavelok of irne, Inv. (1566) 171 (Jam.). Prob. the same word as OE. gafeluc, a spear.]","[Old English gafeluc strong masculine has the form of a regular diminutive of gafel, geafel fork (see gable n.1); the senses, however, are somewhat difficult to account for on this view of the etymology: evidence is lacking for the supposition that the word originally meant a forked or barbed arrow (compare fork n. 9) and a forked crowbar.]",null,"1. An iron crowbar, a lever.","3. An iron crowbar or lever. (Cf. gablock n. 2.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson:","23)","\"aw cummen togidder, an' they hed geàvlecks an' hammers ower their shooders, to brek t' dooer in wi'.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["get","[git]","Present tense: git\n\nPreterite: gat",null,"2. Past tense.\nα. ME gait (north.), ME kat (south-west.), ME 16 gatt, ME–15 gatte, ME–16 gate, ME– gat (now regional and arch.), lME gast (north., transmission error), lME– got, 15 goot, 15 gote, 15 gotte, 16 gott (N. Amer.), 18 gotten (U.S. regional), 18 gut (U.S. regional), 18– git (U.S. regional), 18– gorr (Manx English, before a vowel), 19– gitted (U.S. regional); Eng. regional (north. and midl.) 18 gar (Yorks., before h), 18– gaat (Yorks.), 18– gate, 18– gotten; Sc. pre-17 gaet, pre-17 gat, pre-17 gatt,","(EDD Online: \"v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"get, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A","EDD:\n\nGrammatical Forms:\n\n2. Preterite: (3) Gat recognised as Cumbrian and used in usage example by Richardson (1871: 47).",null,"Early Scandinavian","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic geta to obtain, to be able or have the opportunity (to do something), to beget, to learn, to guess or suppose, to mention, Old Swedish gäta to be able (to do something), to beget, to guess, to mention (Swedish regional gäta to guess, to mention), Old Swedish gita to be able (to do something) (Swedish gitta to take the trouble or feel inclined (to do something)), Old Danish getæ , gitæ to be able (to do something) (Danish gide to take the trouble or feel inclined (to do something)))]",null,"Unclear, see notes","I. To obtain, procure.\n\n10. trans.\n \na. To win (a victory), to gain the favourable issue of (a battle, a field of combat, a match, etc.). Also: †to win (a bet) (obs.).","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not provide defintion for \"to win\" sense of \"get, v.\"",1871,"(Richardson:  ","47)","\"Theer was Tom Nicholson o' Threlket, 'at gat t' russelin' at Carel three year runnen, — an' it teuk a man 'at was a man to git it i' them days.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["ghem","[gēm]",null,null,"(OED Online: \"game, n.\")\n\nβ. ME gaume, ME geme (south-east.), ME gome, ME–15 gayme, ME–16 gam, ME–16 gamme, ME– game; Eng. regional 17– gam (north. and midl.), 18 gam' (north.), 18 geame (south.), 18 ghem (Cumberland), 18– gaayme (south.), 18– gamm (north.), 18– geam (south.), 18– geeam (south.), 18– gyem, 19– gom (Cumberland); Sc. pre-17 gaim, pre-17 gam, pre-17 gayme, pre-17 geme, pre-17 17– game, pre-17 17– gemm, pre-17 18– gem, pre-17 19– gemme, 18 ggem, 18 ghem","(EDD Online: \"game, sb., adj.1, and v.\")","(OED Online: \"game, v.\" and \"game, n.\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Conversion","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: game n.\n\n< game n. Compare Old Icelandic gamna to amuse, divert (someone with something).\n\ngame, n.\n\nOrigin: A word inherited from Germanic.\n\nCognate with Middle Dutch (rare) game prank, mockery, Old Saxon gaman jollity, entertainment, amusement, Old High German gaman pleasure, amusement, something that causes laughter, joy, delight (Middle High German gamen fun, play), Old Icelandic gaman sport, play, pleasure, amusement, Old Swedish gaman, gamman, gammen joy, pleasure, delight (Swedish gamman), Old Danish gammen joy, pleasure, delight, joke, mockery (Danish gammen), further etymology uncertain and disputed.]",null,"7. v. To play, sport, jest; to make fun of, mock; to deceive, pretend, sham.\n\nIn phrases\n\n5. phr.\n\n(4) to make game, to laugh, ridicule; to make fun, joke","1. (OED Online, \"game, v.\")\n \na. intr. To amuse oneself; to play, sport, jest; (occasionally) to indulge in amorous or flirtatious play. Formerly also (occasionally) trans. (refl.) in same sense. Now Eng. regional.\n\nIn phrases (OED Online, \"game, n.\")\n\nP9.\n\nb. to make (a) game of (also at, †on): to make fun of; to make an object of ridicule or amusement. Also †to make one's game.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","10)","\"I kent weel aneuf he was no'but mackin' ghem o' me\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","64)","\"We try't to git oor money back fra Bob, bit he dud nowte bit laugh an' mak ghem on us.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG95,#REF!,AL95,AQ95,AV95)","v":2}]
["gin","[gin]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"gin, prep., conj.\")","(OED Online: \"gin, prep. and conj.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","conjunction","conjunction","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Origin uncertain:  Perhaps formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: English given  , give v.]",null,"3. If, whether.","Sc., Eng. regional (chiefly north.) and Irish English (north.) If; whether.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","71)","\"And ye shall walk in silk attire and siller hae to spare, gin ye'll consent to be his bride\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB96,AG96,AL96,AQ96,AV96)","v":1}]
["girt","[gə̄t]","gurt",null,"ME geret, ME gert, ME gerte, ME gertt, ME girte, 15 gertte; Eng. regional 17 gart (Cumberland), 17– gurt, 18 gate (Devon), 18– gert, 18– girt; Sc. pre-17 gart, pre-17 gert, pre-17 17–18 20– girt, 19– gurt; Newfoundland 19– gert, 19– girt.","(EDD Online: \"great, adj., adv., sb.\")","(OED Online: \"gurt, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Variation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Variant of great adj., with metathesis.\n\nEtymology of \"great, adj.\":\n\nOrigin: A word inherited from Germanic.\n\nEtymology: Cognate with Old Frisian grāt large, Old Dutch groot large, numerous, mighty (Middle Dutch groot large, mighty, numerous, bulky, Dutch groot ), Old Saxon grōt large (Middle Low German grōt large, numerous, powerful), Old High German grōz large, strong, long, thick, fat (Middle High German grōz large, German gross large, extensive), and perhaps further with Old Icelandic grautr (noun) groats, porridge, mash, coarsely ground meal ( < the same Germanic base as grit n.1, grit n.2, grout n.1, groats n., and grot n.1), although see discussion below.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","Now regional (chiefly Eng. regional (north-west. and south-west.)).\n \n  = great adj.\n\n[Defintion for \"great, adj.\":\n\nA. adj.\n\nI. Senses relating primarily to physical size.\n\n2. Of relatively large girth or circumference, or breadth or width, in comparison with length or height; not slender or slim; thick; swollen. Opposed to small adj. I.   Now rare except as a contextual use of sense A. 3.\n\nb. Of a person or animal: having a large waist or girth; heavily built, sturdy, stout, corpulent. Frequently in collocation with fat. Now Sc. (north.) and arch.\n\n(OED Online: \"great, adj., n., adv., and int.\")]","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define adjective, but infers its meaning through presentation of usage examples.",1869,"(Gibson: ","2)","\"He went lowpin owre wet spots an' gūrt steàns\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","50)","\"Yan nivver sees a good lang horn't coo noo-a- days […]. They're aw thur girt lang-leg't slape-hair't beggars.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB28,#REF!,AL97,AQ97,AV97)","v":2}]
["gizzern","[gi·zən]",null,null,"ME gisarn, ME gesarne, geserne, ME–16 gysern(e, 15–16 gisern(e, 16 guis(s)erne, gyzerne, gyzzarn, 17 gizern, 16, 18 dial. gizzern, 18 dial. gizzen, gizzin.","(EDD Online: \"gizzern, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"gizzern, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old French","English","Do Not Match","[Gyserne of a foule, jevsier, PALSGR.; Garbage of fowlys or gyserne, entera, Prompt. OFr. giser, ‘jecur’ (Godefroy).]","[Apparently a variant of giser gizzard n.; the addition of n is unexplained.]","OED etymology of \"gizzard, n.\" is similar to EDD etymology: \n\n\"< Old French giser, gezier, juisier, jugier, also guiser, gizzard, modern French gésier, commonly explained as < popular Latin *gicerium = Latin gigeria neuter plural, the cooked entrails of a fowl.\"\n\nHowever, etymology of \"gizzern, n.\" is not: OED states it is a variant of \"gizzard, n.\" with an \"unexplained\" final \"+n\".","1. The gizzard of a fowl; also fig. of persons: the throat, esp. in phr. to stick in the gizzern, to be remembered with unpleasant feelings.","Obs. exc. dial.\n\n= gizzard n.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED does not recognise the application of \"gizzard, n.\" to human subjects. Only refers to its use in animals.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","200)","\"Now loundrin' shives o' cheese an' bread are down their gizzerns whang'd\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB98,AG98,AL98,AQ98,AV98)","v":1}]
["gliff","[glif]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"gliff, sb., v.\")","(OED Online: \"gliff, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Of obscure origin. Sense 1 is akin to that of Dutch glippen and its cognates (see glibbery adj.), but the form presents difficulty.]",null,"1. sb. A glimpse, glance, a slight or transient view.","1. a) A passing view; a glance, glimpse.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","16)","\"Here it was (a wae light on the pleace), that I first gat a gliff o' Betty's feace\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["glim","[glim]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"glim, adj. and sb.2\")",null,"Yes","No","No","noun",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,null,"3. sb. An ineffectual attempt to lay hold of an object; slip, tumble.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","16)","\"Heedless I glym'd, nor could my een command, till gash the sickle went into my hand\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["glime","[glim]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"glime, v. and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"glime, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Norwegian","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[2. Norw. dial. glima, to shine (Aasen).]","[Of obscure origin: the localities would suggest derivation < Old Norse, but no similar form occurs in that language. Compare glee v.]",null,"1. v. To glance slyly,\n look askance or asquint; to look cunningly, or stare in an unpleasant manner.","2. To look askance or shyly.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","12)","\"t' oald divel […] keept […] glimin' up at mé, wid hoaf a smurk iv his feàce\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["glop(e) ","[glop]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"glop, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Old Norse","Match","[Norw. dial. glupa (pp. glopet), to gape (Aasen).]","[Shortening of gloppen v.< Old Norse glúpna to be downcast. A root of identical form appears in Old Frisian glûpa, Middle Low German glûpen to lie in wait for, Dutch gluipen to watch slily, to sneak, Old Swedish glupa to gape, swallow, Swedish glupande, Danish glubende ravenous, fierce; whether there is any etymological connection is uncertain.]",null,"1. v. To stare stupidly, gaze open-mouthed; to look wildly.\n","Obs. exc. dial.  1. intr. To stare, to gaze in alarm or wonder.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","17)","\"snap went the thread and down the spinnle flew. To me it meade - the lads began to glope\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["glowre",null,null,null,"15 glowir, 15–17 glowr, 15, 17–18 glour, 17 glowre, glow'r, 18– glower.","(EDD Online: \"glower, v. and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"glower, n.\" and \"glower, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Early Frisian","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[1. EFris. glūren, ‘mit halb gekniffenen Augen genau u. scharf wonach sehen’ (Koolman); Bremen dial. gluren, ‘von unten auf sehen, mit einer finstern Mine’ (Wtb.).]","[ < glower, v.\n\nOf obscure etymology: in sense the word agrees with glore v. 2, but the difference in vowel is against its immediate identity with this. It may possibly be < glow v.2 + -er suffix3.]",null,"3. sb. An intent or angry look; a gaze, stare; an impudent leer; a scowl, frown, glare. Also used fig.","Chiefly Sc.\n\nThe action of glowering; a fixed and intent look; an open-eyed gaze or stare. Also, a glower of (something).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED defintion for \"glower, n.\" does not mention \"anger\" in its definition.\n\n\"Glowre\" used instead of \"leuk\" in Gibson's (1869: 9) usage example to display the anger with which \"mudder\" looked at \"him\".",1869,"(Gibson: ","9)","\"Mudder […] hedn't sa mūch as leuk't at him efter t' ya hard glowre 'at she gev him at t' fūrst\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["gowk","[gauk]",null,null,"ME–15 gok(e, ME–15 gowke, golk, (15 Sc. goilk), 15–17 gouke, 15–18 gouk, 16– gowk.","(EDD Online: \"gowk, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"gowk, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"OE/ON","No EDD Etymology","[4. Despitful spider! poore of spreit!... Gowke! Montgomerie Flyting (ed. 1629) 23.]","[< Old Norse gaukr = Old English géac (see yeke n.), Old High German gouh (Middle High German gouch, German gauch) < Old Germanic *gauko-z.]",null,"4. Fig. A fool, simpleton, blockhead; a clumsy, awkward fellow, a clown; esp. in phr. an April gowk, an April fool.","2. A fool: a half-witted person.  [So German gauch.]","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","208)","\"Sheame fa' these pingin' gowks that grummel\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","8)","\"t' pooar lāl gowk hasn't gumption aneuf to see 'at they're no'but makin' ghem on him.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["gowl","[gaul]",null,null,"ME goule(n, ME gole, 18 dial. goal, goul, 16 gule, ME– gowl","(EDD Online: \"v.3, sb.4\")","(OED Online: \"gowl, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Old Norse","Match","[1. Gowling piteously... he answerd me, Douglas Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, 11. 87. Norw. dial. and ON. gaula, to low, bellow; see Jakobsen Norsk in Shetl. (1897) 78.]","[Old Norse gaula, perhaps an extended form, with -l- suffix, of the root *gau- , Old Norse gøyja ( < *gaujan ) to bark.]",null,"1. v. To howl, yell, cry, whine; to scold, growl, threaten, scowl, gen. with at. Of the wind: to blow fitfully with a hollow sound.","Chiefly Sc. and north. dial.\n \na. intr. To howl, yell, cry bitterly or threateningly; also, to whine. Said of men and animals.\n\nb. transf. of the wind.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD lumps two senses together. OED separates them based on the animacy of the subject.",1866,"(Gilpin: ",57,"\"I […] gowled like a ninny, tho' I said to mysel \"Wey, it's nobbut a play!\"\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["graith'd","[grēþ] + [d]",null,"graithed","\"graith, adj.\": ME greið, ME grath(e, grayþ, ME graiþ, graith(e, grayth(e, (ME greythe, ME greithe, grayd)\n\n\"graith, v.\": ME Orm. greȝȝþen, ME greiþ, greyþ(e, (ME græiðen, greiþi), ME–15 greith(e, ME graiþ(e, grayþ, ME graithe, graþ, greyth(e, ME–15 grayth(e, ME–16 grath, (ME grait, greþ, greiȝ, ME greth, 15 greath, 18 grathe), ME– graith; also ME pa. pple.ME greyt, graid.","(EDD Online: \"graith, v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"graith, adj. and adv.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A","EDD listed as more accurate as it includes a specific sense for \"graithed, adj.\" within its entry for \"graith, v.\" (EDD Online: \"graith, v.\").\n\n\"graith, adj.\" + pa. ppl. \"ed\" not recognised under OED entry for \"graith, adj.\". ME pa. ppl. Form only recognised in \"graith, v.\" (OED Online: \"graith, adj.\", \"graith, v.\").","Old Norse","Old Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. He... dide greyþe a super riche, Havelok (c. 1280) 1762. ON. greiða, to arrange, make ready (Vigfusson); cp. Norw. dial. greida (Aasen).]","[< Old Norse greið-r = Old English gerǽde ready < Old Germanic *garaiðjo- , < *ga- prefix (see y- prefix) + raið- : see ready adj., adv., int., and n. Compare German bereit]","Differning language focus: OED's purpose is to display the earliest known root of every headword in English. Old Norse was involved with the etymology of \"graith('d),\" so EDD isn't entirely incorrect; EDD is merely viewing English language variants from a different, more specific persepective.\n\nAlso, OED entry for \"graith, adj.\" states the word is obsolete in English after the end of the 16th Century. Evidently not the case: entry not updated since 1900, needs revision.","ppl. adj. prepared, equipped, set ready for use. Derived from \"graith\" 1. v. To prepare, equip, make ready, put in condition for use, as accoutrements, harness, dress, tools, &c.; often used in pp.","Obs. A. adj. 1. a. Of persons: Prepared, ready. Of things: Ready, prompt, handy.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","pa. ppl. Not recognised by OED.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","193)","\"young lads wi' nags weel graith'd and hearty […] set off, a jolly party\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["greet","[grīt]",null,null,"Eng. regional 17– grit, 18– greeat (north. and midl.), 18– greet, 18– gret, 18– greyt, 19– gre't, 19– grete","(EDD Online: \"great, adj., adv. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"great, adj., n., adv., and int.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian grāt large, Old Dutch groot large, numerous, mighty (Middle Dutch groot large, mighty, numerous, bulky, Dutch groot ), Old Saxon grōt large (Middle Low German grōt large, numerous, powerful), Old High German grōz large, strong, long, thick, fat (Middle High German grōz large, German gross large, extensive), and perhaps further with Old Icelandic grautr (noun) groats, porridge, mash, coarsely ground meal ( < the same Germanic base as grit n.1, grit n.2, grout n.1, groats n., and grot n.1), although see discussion below.]",null,"4. Big, large in dimensions; of persons: of large build, heavy.","A. adj.\n\nI. Senses relating primarily to physical size.\n\n3. Of a size, bulk, or extent that is considerably above average; large. See also sense A. 23.\n \na. Without a reinforcing or intensifying adjective.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1893,"(Farrall: ","10)","\"Wad you like ta gā till this greet circus 'at's gaun ta be at Cockermuth ta-neet?\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["grunstane","[gru·nstən]",null,null,"ME–17 grinstone, ME–15 gryn(e)stone, (ME gryn(d)stoon), ME–16 gryndston(e, (ME grynd(i)stan, 15 grindestone, 17 grinestone, Sc. grunstane, 18 dial. grinstwun), ME– grindstone.","(EDD Online: \"grindstone, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"grindstone, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< grind v.1 + stone n.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","2. a. A disc of stone of considerable thickness, revolving on an axle, and used for grinding, sharpening, or polishing. Also transf. and fig.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"grindstone, n.\" It only lists dialectal and spelling variants.",1871,"(Richardson: ","62)","\" Will t'e turn us t' grunstane a bit, Isaac? I want to grund me knife.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["gurn","[girn]",null,null,"ME–15 gyrn(e, ME–15 girne, 15 gern(e, 15–16 gearne, 17 guern, 15– girn, 20 gurn (esp. in sense 3)","(EDD Online: \"girn, v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"girn, v.1\" and \"grin, v.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Middle English","English by Variation","Do Not Match","[1. Monstrer la dent, to gern or grin at, COTGR.; The wyld wolf.. Bayis and gyrnis, Douglas Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, iii. 214.]","[variant of grin v.2 with metathesis of r.\n\n< grin, v.2\n\nThe Old English gręnnian ( < Old Germanic type *granjôjan) is cognate with Old High German grennan to mutter (Middle High German grennen to grin) < Old Germanic *granjan; possibly related to *granâ moustache. A root of identical form appears in Old High German granôn to grunt (Middle High German granen, grannen to grunt, wail), Old Norse grenja to howl, Old Swedish gränia to roar, to gnash or show the teeth threateningly.]",null,"3. To show the teeth in laughing; to grin; to speak with a grimace or chuckle. Also with at","†2. To show the teeth in laughing; to grin. Obs.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","5)","\"He gurned oa't feàce  ower when I went in wid his bags\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["hank","[æŋk]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"hank, sb.1 and v.\")","(OED Online: \"hank, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Old Norse","Match","[1. As he [Laocoon] etlis thair hankis to have rent, Douglas Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, ii. 80. ON. hönk (gen. hankar), a hank, coil, skein (Vigfusson). 11. Da. hank, handle of a basket, ear of a pot. 13. Thair navy can thai ankir fast and hank, Douglas Eneados, iii. 88.]","[Found in 14th cent.; apparently < Norse: compare Old Norse hǫnk (feminine) ( < *hanku), genitive hankar hank, coil, skein, clasp; also hanki (masculine), the hasp or clasp of a chest; Swedish hank (masculine), string, tie-band, rowel; Danish hank handle (as of a basket), ear of a pot. (The connection of senses 6, 7 with the others is not certain.)]",null,"2. A skein or measure of cotton, thread, wool, &c. Also used fig.","2. A skein or coil of thread, yarn, etc.; a definite length of yarn or thread in a coil.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","18)","\"a hank o' threed to sowe't wid\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["haud",null,"howd, hod",null,"1. a. Present stem.\nα. Anglian and north. OE–16 hald, (ME ald), 15–18 Sc. hauld, (15 hawd, 15– haud, had), 18 north. Eng. hod.\n\n3. pa. pple.\nα. OE–ME ( ge)halden, ME ihalden, ME halden, -yn ( alden, etc.), ME–15 haldin, (15 Sc. haldine, haulden, 18 Sc. hadden, north. hodden).","(EDD Online: \"hold, v.\")","(OED Online: \"hold, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[A Common Germanic redupl. strong verb Old English haldan, healdan, past tense heold, participle halden, healden, corresponding to Old Frisian halda, helt, halden, Old Saxon haldan, held, gihaldan (Middle Low German holden, Middle Dutch houden), Old High German halten, hialt, gehaltan (German halten, hielt, gehalten), Old Norse halda, helt, held-, haldenn, Gothic haldan, haihald, haldans.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","I. Transitive senses. 8. a. To keep together, to keep in being, existence, or operation, to carry on; to convoke and preside over (a meeting, assembly, council, or the like); to go through formally, perform (any proceeding or function); to keep, observe, celebrate (a festival); to carry on, sustain, or have (communication, intelligence, conversation); to keep (company, silence, etc.); to use (language) habitually or constantly; = have v. VI.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not specifically define this sense of \"haud,\" instead using usage examples to illustrate its meaning (EDD Online: \"hold, v.\").",1866,"(Gilpin: ","193)","\"At Skinburness, i' th' Abbey Holme, this weddin' it was hauden.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["heale","[hiəl]",null,null,"α. Eng.OE hál, ME hal, ME– hale (ME halle, ale, hele, 17–18 heal, north. dial. heale, heeal, heyel, yell). β. Sc.ME halle, ME– hale, ME– hail (ME hayle, ME–15 haile, ME– haill, 15 heale, hele, 15–17 heal).","(EDD Online: \"hale, adj. and sb.5\")","(OED Online: \"hale, adj. and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Old English","Match"," [1. Þou sal baþ sounde & hale come of þis ship to lande, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 24888. OE. hāl, safe (Matt. x. 22).]","[The northern dialect repr. of Old English hál, which became in south and midl. dialect hôl , hool , hole , whole adj., but remained in the north hâl , hale , in which form it has been taken over in modern times into the literary language in sense A. 3.]",null,"4. Whole, entire, complete. Also used advb.","A adj.\n\nII. The northern form of whole adj., in its current senses.\n\n5. Of things immaterial, time, numbers, etc.: Whole, entire, complete; with no part wanting.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED more specified in its definition: refers specifically to \"hale, adj.'s\" application to time.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","211)","\"happiness, the heale day lang, Glow'd in each breast\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["heame1","[(h)iəm]","heàmm","heamm","eOE haam, OE–ME (early or north.) ham, ME am, ME heem (north.), ME hem (north.), ME–16 hame (chiefly north.), 15 heme (north.); Eng. regional (north.) 16 18– heam, 17–18 heame, 18 haam, 18– hame, 18– heaum, 18– heeam, 18– heyem, 18– hiam, 18– hyem, 18– yam, 18– yem; also Sc. pre-17 haime, pre-17 ham, pre-17 haym, pre-17 hayme, pre-17 heim, pre-17 heime, pre-17 17– hame, pre-17 18 haim, pre-17 (18– Shetland) haem, pre-17 (19– Shetland) hem, 17 haam, 18– heame, 18– heem (Orkney and Shetland), 19– hehym (south.), 19– heyime (south.), 19– him (Shetland), 19– hyim (south.), 19– hyimm (south.); Irish English (north.) 19– hame; Irish English (Wexford) 18 hime, 18 hyme.","(EDD Online: \"home, sb.1, adv., adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"home, n.1 and adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian hēm a person's house or abode, homestead, dwelling (West Frisian hiem yard, farmyard), Old Dutch heim homestead, dwelling (in place names and compounds; Middle Dutch heem , heim , Dutch (now rare) heem homestead, dwelling, a person's house or abode, the place where a person lives or was raised), Old Saxon hēm house (Middle Low German hēm a person's house or abode, the place where a person lives or was raised, native country, homeland), Middle High German heim abode, residence, homestead, dwelling (German Heim ; the sense ‘native country, homeland’ is expressed by Heimat (see Urheimat n.)), early Scandinavian (runic: Sweden) aimi (dative singular), em (accusative singular), (runic: Denmark) him- (in compounds) homestead, abode, world, Old Icelandic heimr dwelling, abode (chiefly in compounds denoting mythological parts of the universe, e.g. Jǫtunheimr , lit. ‘abode of giants’, Niflheimr , lit. ‘abode of mist’), (in compounds) village, (more usually) earth, world, universe (with the semantic development, compare Russian mir , which is attested from an early date in the senses ‘community, commune’ and ‘world’: see mir n.2, Mir n.4), Old Swedish hēm , heem a person's house or abode (Swedish hem ), Old Danish hiem , hēm a person's house or abode (Danish hjem ), also (with different suffixes and different (feminine) gender) Old High German heima abode, residence, homestead, dwelling, native country, homeland, Gothic haims village; further etymology uncertain and disputed]","Interestingly, the EDD doesn't make an attempt at this etymologuy, despite the somewhat easy route of adopting OE ham as the etymon.","Unclear, see notes","A. n.1. I. The place where a person or animal dwells. \n\na. A dwelling place; a person's house or abode; the fixed residence of a family or household; the seat of domestic life and interests. Also (chiefly in later use): a private house or residence considered merely as a building; cf. house n.1 1a. Also (esp. in early use) without article or possessive (now only in prepositional phrases, as at home, from home, near home, etc.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","CONCRETE NOUN: Specifically applied to \"heame\" when combined with an article or possesive pronoun.\n\nEDD Entry only defines noun indirectly using usage examples (Marked with \"Var. dial. Uses\")",1866,"(Gilpin: ","17)","\"It's e'en my great comfort, now Willy is geane, that he offen said – nea pleace was leyke his awn heame\"","Poetry",1871,"(Richardson: ","21)","\"when t' maister went heàmm tull his dinner, we use to bar up aw t' dooers an' windows, an' waddent let 'im in ageàn.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["heame2","[(h)iəm]",null,"heamm","eOE haam, OE–ME (early or north.) ham, ME am, ME heem (north.), ME hem (north.), ME–16 hame (chiefly north.), 15 heme (north.); Eng. regional (north.) 16 18– heam, 17–18 heame, 18 haam, 18– hame, 18– heaum, 18– heeam, 18– heyem, 18– hiam, 18– hyem, 18– yam, 18– yem; also Sc. pre-17 haime, pre-17 ham, pre-17 haym, pre-17 hayme, pre-17 heim, pre-17 heime, pre-17 17– hame, pre-17 18 haim, pre-17 (18– Shetland) haem, pre-17 (19– Shetland) hem, 17 haam, 18– heame, 18– heem (Orkney and Shetland), 19– hehym (south.), 19– heyime (south.), 19– him (Shetland), 19– hyim (south.), 19– hyimm (south.); Irish English (north.) 19– hame; Irish English (Wexford) 18 hime, 18 hyme.","(EDD Online: \"home, sb.1, adv., adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"home, n.1 and adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian hēm a person's house or abode, homestead, dwelling (West Frisian hiem yard, farmyard), Old Dutch heim homestead, dwelling (in place names and compounds; Middle Dutch heem , heim , Dutch (now rare) heem homestead, dwelling, a person's house or abode, the place where a person lives or was raised), Old Saxon hēm house (Middle Low German hēm a person's house or abode, the place where a person lives or was raised, native country, homeland), Middle High German heim abode, residence, homestead, dwelling (German Heim ; the sense ‘native country, homeland’ is expressed by Heimat (see Urheimat n.)), early Scandinavian (runic: Sweden) aimi (dative singular), em (accusative singular), (runic: Denmark) him- (in compounds) homestead, abode, world, Old Icelandic heimr dwelling, abode (chiefly in compounds denoting mythological parts of the universe, e.g. Jǫtunheimr , lit. ‘abode of giants’, Niflheimr , lit. ‘abode of mist’), (in compounds) village, (more usually) earth, world, universe (with the semantic development, compare Russian mir , which is attested from an early date in the senses ‘community, commune’ and ‘world’: see mir n.2, Mir n.4), Old Swedish hēm , heem a person's house or abode (Swedish hem ), Old Danish hiem , hēm a person's house or abode (Danish hjem ), also (with different suffixes and different (feminine) gender) Old High German heima abode, residence, homestead, dwelling, native country, homeland, Gothic haims village; further etymology uncertain and disputed]","Interestingly, the EDD doesn't make an attempt at this etymologuy, despite the somewhat easy route of adopting OE ham as the etymon.","Unclear, see notes","A. n.1. I. The place where a person or animal dwells. \n\nb. Without article or possessive. The place where one lives or was brought up, with reference to the feelings of belonging, comfort, etc., associated with it.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","ABSTRACT NOUN: Specifically applied to the concept of \"heame,\" rather than the physical building. Only defined in reference to usage examples. Reader must infer the use of \"heame\" as a concrete noun through the semantic field painted by the EDD's selection of usage examples. Seems common for EDD to only define the peripheral senses of a headword if the headword in question has an relatively accessible Standard English equivalent.\n\nEDD Entry only defines noun indirectly using usage examples (Marked with \"Var. dial. Uses\")",1866,"(Gilpin: ","51)","\"Sae fares-t'e-weel! I'll sarve my king, and never, never mair come heame\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","9)","\"Fadder hed been doon Lorton way, an' 't was […] leàt when he gat heàm.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["herdwick","[hə·rdwik]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"herdwick, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"herdwick, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","English by Compounding","Do Not Match","[1. Erleghecote haythe always beyn a hyrdewyke or pasture ground for the schepe of thabbottes of Furnes, Lamplugh (c. 1537) in Beck Ann. Furnes. (1844) App. 64 (N.E.D.).]","[< herd n.2 + wick n.2: compare bailiwick, bailiffwick.]",null,"2. pl. The black-faced breed of sheep found on the fells, noted for their climbing powers and ability to live on bare pasture; also used attrib.","2. (In full Herdwick sheep): A hardy breed of mountain sheep in Cumberland and Westmorland (now Cumbria).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","2)","\"Yan wad ha' sworn he was sūmamat a kin tul a Herdwick tip.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["hiding",null,"hiden",null,null,null,"(OED Online: \"hiding, n.2\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"noun","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< hide v.2 + -ing suffix1.\n\nEtymology of \"hide, v.2\": 2. To beat the hide or skin of; to flog, thrash. (See also hiding n.2) slang or colloq.\n\n< hide n.1\n\nEtymology of \"hide, n.1\": 1. a. The skin of an animal, raw or dressed: more particularly applied to the skins of the larger beasts and such as may be tanned into leather.\n\nOld English hýd strong feminine = Old Frisian hûd, Old Saxon hût (Middle Dutch hut, huut (d), Dutch huid), Old High German, Middle High German hût, German haut, Old Norse húð, Gothic *hûþs < Old Germanic *hūði-z < pre-Germanic *kūti′s: compare Latin cutis, Greek κύτος.]\n",null,null,"slang or colloq.\n \n1. A flogging, thrashing, beating.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","21)","\"An' than we gat ivvery yan on us a gay lang task to git off i' t' hellidays, an' a lock o' t' warst on us, mebby, a good hiden to be gaan on wi'.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1,"Yes","Yes"]
["hitch1","[(h)itʃ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"hitch, v.1 and sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"hitch, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Middle English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[In Promp. Parv., 1440, hytche-n ; in 16–17th cent. also without h , see itch v.2; apparently identical in sense with early Middle English icche(n v. If these are in origin the same word, it is equally difficult to explain the loss of h in the one, and its addition in the other form. In some uses hitch is equivalent in sense to Scots and northern hotch, with which, if the h is original, it may be radically cognate. No related word appears in the cognate languages. The connection of branches I and II is also uncertain.]",null,"4. To hop on one leg; to spring.","TWO POSSIBLE DEFINITIONS:\n\nI. To move jerkily.\n\n1. a. trans. To move (anything) as with a jerk, or in an abrupt or discontinuous manner; to shift (a thing) a little away or aside.\n\nOR\n\n1. b. esp. To raise or lift with a jerk. Usually with up. orig. Naut.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Both senses mention abrupt movement. The EDD's definition is simpler than the OED's, but it expresses the same concept.",1871,"(Richardson: ","46)","\"He could ha' hitch't ower a five bar't yat wi' just liggen ya hand on t' top on 't\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["hobble","[(h)o·bl]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"hobble, v.1 and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"hobble, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Conversion","No EDD Etymology",null,"[ < hobble, v.\n\nRecorded from 14th cent.: apparently cognate with Dutch hobbelen ‘to toss, rock from side to side, ride on a hobby-horse, halt, stammer, stutter’, which appears in Teuthonista 1475 as a synonym of wyntelen , ‘hoblen, volutare, volvere’, and is taken as diminutive of hobben to toss or rock (as a boat on the billows): compare sense 1.]",null,"9. Fig. A difficulty, predicament; trouble, perplexity. See Habble.","2. fig. An awkward or perplexing situation from which extrication is difficult. dial. and colloq. In Sc. habble: a difficulty, a perplexity.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","62)","\"I was driven't in middlin' tight, when, 'ods wons ! t' grunstane splat ebben i' two ! […] Oor Jacob an' me hed been i' menny a hobble, bit that was t' warst job 'at ivver we'd hed\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["howk","[(h)auk]",null,null,"ME–15 holk(e, 16–18 hoke, huck, 16 houck, Sc.16–18 howk, 18 houk.","(EDD Online: \"howk, v.1 and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"holk | howk, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Early Frisian","Middle English","Do Not Match","[1. Ȝonder wther sum the new havin holkis, Douglas Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, II. 45; To holke, palare, Cath. Angl. (1483). EFris. holken, ‘hohlmachen’ (Koolman); cp. Sw. hålka, to make hollow (Widegren).]","[Northern Middle English holk , cognate with Middle Low German holken , Low German holken , hölken , to hollow, Swedish hålka ; < root of holl adj., with diminutive formative -k: compare talk.]","EDD IS COMPLETELY INCORRECT\n\nMiles apart from OED etymology.","1. v. To hollow out by digging; to excavate, dig out or up; to burrow, scratch up earth, grub. Also with out and up.","Now dial.\n \n1. trans. To hollow out by digging; to excavate; to dig out or up. With various spec. local senses: see quots.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","49)","\"They mun aw hev new-fashin't ways o' mannishin' their land an' aw. They're howkin', an' drainin', an' prowin' in 't forivver\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["ilk","[ilk]",null,null,"ME illc ( Ormulum), eME illk ( Ormulum), ME hilk, ME hilke, ME hylke, ME il, ME ilc, ME ilce, ME ilke, ME ylk, ME ylke, ME (16–18 Eng. regional (north.)) ilk; Sc. pre-17 ylk, pre-17 ylke, pre-17 17 ilke, pre-17 17– ilk. ","(EDD Online: \"ilk, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"ilk, adj.2 and pron.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","English by Variation","Do Not Match","[Ilk knew vthir weil, Dalrymple Leslie's Hist. Scotl. (1596) I. 77. OE. (Anglian) ylc, ‘omnem,’ Ps. lxxvii.51 (Vesp.).]","[Variant (chiefly east midland, northern, and Scots) of each adj. and each pron.; compare δ. forms at each adj. and pron. and see further discussion at that entry.]","EDD ignores variation.","Each; every; also used subst.","Now Sc. A. adj.2 (attrib.). = each adj. 1a(a); every.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","67)","\"I knew where ilk ane used to sit\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["ilka",null,null,null,"Chiefly north. and north-east midl. ME hilk a, ME il a (probably transmission error), ME ilc a, ME ilk a, ME ilkay, ME ilke a, ME ylk a, ME ylka, ME ylka a, ME ylkay, ME ylke a, ME (18 Eng. regional (north.)) ilka","(EDD Online: \"ilka, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"ilka, adj.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","English by Compounding","Do Not Match","[1. Ilka day, cotidie, Cath. Angl. (1483); OE. (Anglian)\n ylc ān.]","[< ilk adj.2 + a adj. (the indefinite article).]","EDD ignores compounding.","1. Each; every.","Now Sc. Each, every.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","67)","\"I ran to ilka dear friend's room\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["job","[dʒob]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online, \"job, sb.1 and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"job, n.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Conversion","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Perhaps formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: job n.3\n\nOrigin uncertain; perhaps originally a spec. use of job n.3]",null,"3. An event, affair, business, esp. a difficult or unfortunate affair. In gen. colloq. use.","5. A state of affairs, a situation, a set of circumstances. Frequently with modifying adjective , as bad, good, etc. (see also to make the best of a bad job at Phrases 6).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","61)","\"they war all'as racken't t' warst for mischief […] ; bit this grunstane job happen't when they war nobbut lads,\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["ken","[ken]",null,null,"OE cennan, (cænnan), ME kennen, (ME kennyn), (ME kene, ME cene, ME keen), ME–16 kenne, ME– ken, (ME, 17 kenn, ME kyn). pa. tenseME kende, ME– kenned(e, kenn'd, kend; 18 Sc. kent.","(EDD Online: \"ken, v. and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"ken, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"OE/ON","Common Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. My cares aren keen as knyffe By-cause I kenne what is commaunde, York Plays (c. 1400) 45. ON. kenna, to know (Vigfusson); cp. OE. cennan, to declare (B.T.).]","[Common Germanic: Old English cęnnan (cęnde , cęnned ) = Frisian kanna , kenna , Old Saxon (ant)kennian (Middle Dutch and Dutch kennen ), Old High German (ir- , in- , pi- ) chennan (Middle High German and German kennen ), Old Norse kenna (Swedish känna , Danish kjende , kende ), Gothic kannjan , factitive of the preterite-present *kann- , I know: see can v.1]",null,"1. v. To know, have knowledge of; to be acquainted with; to recognize.","II. In non-causative senses.\n\n11. a. To know (a thing); to have knowledge of or about (a thing, place, person, etc.), to be acquainted with; †to understand. Now chiefly Sc.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","78)","\"Sae fine she goes, sae far aglee, that folks she kenn'd she canna see\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","2)","\"He said […] he wad give anybody 'at ken't fells weel, a matter o' five shillin'\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","4)","\"Jimmy'll see thoo kens hoo ta use't\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG123,#REF!,AL123,AQ123,AV123)","v":3}]
["laal","[lāl]","lal","larl",null,"(EDD Online: \"lile, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"lile, adj. and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"Danish","Old Norse","Do Not Match","[1. Dan. lille, little (Larsen); MDan. litle (Jessen); Goth. leitils.]","[apparently repr. a contraction of Old Norse lītell, lītl- little adj., pron., n., and adv.: compare modern Swedish lilla, Danish lille.]",null,"1. Little, small, tiny.","dial.\n \nLittle.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD definition:  \"1. Little, small, tiny,\" hence \"laal bit\" = \"little portion (of time)\"",1869,"(Gibson: ","2)","\"He leuk't at fadder, gev a lal chèarful bit of a laugh\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","24)","\"We duddent know what to deli than for a laal bit,\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG124,#REF!,AL124,AQ124,AV124)","v":2}]
["lait","[lēt]","lait",null,"ME latt, ME layte, lait(e, ME–18 late, 18 lait.","(EDD Online: \"lait, v. and sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"lait, v.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Old Norse","Match","[1. ffor to high hym in hast, & his home laite, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 13973. Norw. dial. leita, to seek (Aasen), so ON. (Vigfusson).]","[< Old Norse leita, corresponding to Old English wlátian to behold, Gothic wlaitôn (περιβλέπεσθαι); related by ablaut to Old Norse lit-r, Old English wlite aspect, appearance, Old Saxon wliti face, form, Gothic wlit-s face, and Old Norse líta, Old English wlítan to look.]",null,"1. v. To seek, search for; to seek and bring with one, to fetch.","Obs. exc. dial.\n\n1. a. trans. To look or search for; to seek, try to find. Also with inf. or clause as object.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","3)","\"I cudn't help axin him what meàd him cum sèa far up on t'fell to lait bits o' stèans when he may' finnd sèa many doon I't deàls?\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","24)","\"Isaac Todd hed gone to late some tin-cans. It wassent lang till they began to throw watter through t' window, ya canful efter anudder,\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","62)","\"Seah, what Jacob went an' gat t' axe an' t' saw, an' I laitit up some bits o' wood, an' we meadd some wedges\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG125,AL125,#REF!,AQ125,AV125)","v":3}]
["langsyne","[la·ŋsai·n]",null,"langseyne, langsen",null,"(EDD Online: \"langsyne, adv., adj. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"langsyne, adv. (and n.)\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English","No EDD Etymology",null,"Properly two words: see long adv.1 and syne adv.",null,"1. adv. Long ago, long since.","Sc. Long since, long ago. Also n. esp. in auld lang syne. (Somewhat common in English use with allusion to Burns's song.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","68)","\"But I miss'd the simple melody, I listen'd to langsyne\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB126,AG126,AL126,AQ126,AV126)","v":1}]
["lark","[lāk]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"lark, v. and sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"lark, n.2\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[the noun and verb appear first in 1811–3. The origin is somewhat uncertain. Possibly it may represent the northern lake v.1, as heard by sporting men from Yorkshire jockeys or grooms; the sound /lɛək//læək/, which is written lairk in Robinson's Whitby Glossary and in dialect books, would to a southern hearer more naturally suggest ‘lark’ than ‘lake’ as its equivalent in educated pronunciation. On the other hand, it is quite as likely that the word may have originated in some allusion to lark n.1; compare the similar use of skylark verb, which is found a few years earlier (1809).]",null,"2. sb. A bit of merriment, a frolic, ‘spree.’","1. A frolicsome adventure, a spree. Also to go on, have, take a lark; to make a lark of = ‘to make game of’.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","6)","\"While to a corner snug I git, and kiss a lark with Sally\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["leàmm",null,null,null,"Dialect forms are not recognised by the OED. Consult the following:\n\nOE lama, ( lame), loma, ME lomme, ME lome, ME lam, ME– lame.","(EDD Online: \"lame, adj.1, v.1 and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"lame, adj.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English lama, lǫma (the weak declension is, from some unexplained cause, used in indefinite as well as definite context, the form in -a being, moreover, commonly used for all genders), corresponding to Old Frisian lam, lom, Old Saxon lamo (Dutch lam), Old High German lam (Middle High German lam, modern German lahm), Old Norse lame (weak) < Old Germanic *lamo-; an ablaut-variant is *lômjo- in Old High German luomi, Middle High German lüeme dull, slack, gentle, early modern German lumm, whence lümmel blockhead. From the same root is Old Church Slavonic lomitĭ to break.]",null,"1. adj. Injured, crippled in any limb.","1. Of a person or animal:\n\nb. Disabled through injury to, or defect in, a limb; spec. disabled in the foot or leg, so as to walk haltingly or be unable to walk.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","34)","\"I was gaan to tell ye 'at Willie use to mak thur bands, an' hoops, an' things, an' carry them to Peerath to sell ivvery Tuesday, wi' an auld leamm meer 'at he hed.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["leane","[liən]",null,null,"Also 16–17 loan; Sc.ME– lane, 15– lain, (18 north. dial. leane, lene).","(EDD Online: \"lone, adv., adj. and sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"lone, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","adjective","Do Not Match","EDD","Whilst it recognises the word, OED does not recognise the nominal sense of \"leane\" = alone, by oneself.",null,"English","No EDD Etymology",null,"Aphetic < alone adj., adv., and n.","Aphesis: \"The gradual and unintentional loss of a short unaccented vowel at the beginning of a word; as in squire for esquire, down for adown, St. Loy for St. Eloy, limbeck for alimbeck, 'tention! for attention! It is a special form of the phonetic process called Aphæresis, for which, from its frequency in the history of the English language, a distinctive name is useful. Now also used in the sense of aphaeresis n.\" (OED Online: \"aphesis, n.\")\n","5. sb. With a poss. adj.: alone, by oneself.","1. a. adj. Of persons, their condition, situation, etc.: Having no fellows or companions; without company; solitary. Chiefly poet. and rhetorical.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED definition is for \"lone, adj.\". The nominal sense of the word is not included in the OED.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","50)","\"\"O, when sweet lassie, ye're your leane, this heart o' mine wad joy to know.\"\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["leet",{"$nulls":6},"No",null,"No",null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(K130=\"\", L130=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Entry\",IF(K130=L130, \"Match\",IF(K130=\"\",\"No EDD Entry\", IF(L130=\"\",\"No OED Entry\",\"Do Not Match\"))))","v":"No EDD or OED Entry"},"Neither","verb",null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(P130=\"\", H130=\"No\", I130=\"No\"), \"No EDD Entry\",IF(AND(P130=\"\", Q130=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Etymology\", IF(P130=Q130, \"Match\", IF(P130=\"\", \"No EDD Etymology\", IF(Q130=\"\", \"No OED Etymology\",\"Do Not Match\")))))","v":"No EDD or OED Etymology"},"[1. Our children, old women, and maides afraid to crosse\n a churchyeard or a three-way leet, Harsnet Popish Imposture\n (1604) 134. OE. gelǣte, a junction of roads (Sweet).]","[Cognate with or formed similarly to Old High German gilâz junction, juncture, (also specifically) junction or meeting (of ways), (more typically) leave, concession, grace (Middle High German gelâz , German Gelaß , now only in the sense ‘room’) < the Germanic base of y- prefix + the Germanic base of let v.1]","Uncertain: neither EDD nor OED recognise the verb. However, Gilpin (1866: 548) defines \"leet\" as \"to meet with; to alight\" and Prevost (1899: 197) includes an entry for the headword \"leet on\" meaning \"to meet with.\"\n\nEDD has entry for \"leet, sb.1\" with the definition: \"2. A place of meeting; a small fair.\" Etymology included to the right.\n\nOED has similar entry for \"leet, n.1\" with the definition: \"1. A point of junction or meeting (of ways); (hence) a place where two or more roads or ways meet, a crossroads. In later use only with the number of ways specified, as two-way leet, three-way leet, four-way leet, etc. Also fig. Cf. wayleet n.\" Etymology also to the right.\n\nPossible that \"leet\" is derived from English by conversion, drawing on the noun's general sense of \"a meeting place\" and shifting word classes to be applied as a verb in Cumbrian dialect with the meaning \"to meet (with).\"",null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(V130=\"\", W130=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Definition\", IF(V130=\"\", \"OED Definition Only\", IF(W130=\"\", \"EDD Definition Only\", IF(AND(H130=\"Yes\",V130=\"Unclear, see notes\"), \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\", \"EDD and OED Definition\"))))","v":"No EDD or OED Definition"},null,"Neither","Neither  EDD nor OED provide a definition.\n\nPossible definition could be derived from Prevost's (1899: 197) entry for Leet on: \"to meet (with).\"",1866,"(Gilpin: ","203)","\"The collar leeted roun' his neck, an' to the fleer it pat him\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["leeve1","[liv]",null,null,"γ. OE leofian (rare), OE leofigean (rare), eME leofue, eME leouie, eME leuie, eME liouie, ME lefe, ME–15 leue, ME–16 leve, lME leeue, lME lef, lME leffe, lME lewe, lME leyffe, lME–16 lieve; Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 18 leve, 18– leeve, 19– leave; Sc. pre-17 laue, pre-17 leaf, pre-17 leaue, pre-17 leawe, pre-17 leef, pre-17 lef, pre-17 lefe, pre-17 leff, pre-17 leffe, pre-17 leif, pre-17 leife, pre-17 leiff, pre-17 leiffe, pre-17 leiue, pre-17 leiv, pre-17 leiw, pre-17 leiwe, pre-17 leue, pre-17 lewe, pre-17 leyf, pre-17 leyff, pre-17 leyve, pre-17 lief, pre-17 17–18 leave, pre-17 18 leve, pre-17 18– leeve, pre-17 18– leive, pre-17 18– lieve; also Irish English 18 leev, 18 leeve.","(EDD Online: \"live, v.\")","(OED Online: \"live, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian libba (West Frisian libbia ), Old Dutch libben (Middle Dutch lēven , Dutch leven ), Old Saxon libbian , libban (Middle Low German lēven ), Old High German lebēn (Middle High German leben , German leben ), all showing a similar semantic range, Old Icelandic lifa to live, to remain, Norn (Shetland) liva , lava to live, Old Swedish liva , leva , (runic) lifa to live (Swedish leva , †lefva to live; the sense ‘to remain’ is expressed by the prefixed verb kvarleva , †qvarlefva ), Old Danish livæ , levæ to live (Danish leve ), Gothic liban to live]",null,null,"8. intr.\n \na. To make one's home, have one's abode, dwell, reside. Usually with adverb phrase indicating the place or other inhabitants. Also (colloq.) in extended use of things: to be situated, to have their place.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED","EDD is incomplete: specific senses of \"live, v.\" are not included.",1871,"(Richardson: ",null,"\"When he gat to Peerath he inquir't o' somebody whoar t' Justice o' peace leev't\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["leeve2","[liv]",null,null,"γ. OE leofian (rare), OE leofigean (rare), eME leofue, eME leouie, eME leuie, eME liouie, ME lefe, ME–15 leue, ME–16 leve, lME leeue, lME lef, lME leffe, lME lewe, lME leyffe, lME–16 lieve; Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 18 leve, 18– leeve, 19– leave; Sc. pre-17 laue, pre-17 leaf, pre-17 leaue, pre-17 leawe, pre-17 leef, pre-17 lef, pre-17 lefe, pre-17 leff, pre-17 leffe, pre-17 leif, pre-17 leife, pre-17 leiff, pre-17 leiffe, pre-17 leiue, pre-17 leiv, pre-17 leiw, pre-17 leiwe, pre-17 leue, pre-17 lewe, pre-17 leyf, pre-17 leyff, pre-17 leyve, pre-17 lief, pre-17 17–18 leave, pre-17 18 leve, pre-17 18– leeve, pre-17 18– leive, pre-17 18– lieve; also Irish English 18 leev, 18 leeve.","(EDD Online: \"live, v.\")","(OED Online: \"live, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian libba (West Frisian libbia ), Old Dutch libben (Middle Dutch lēven , Dutch leven ), Old Saxon libbian , libban (Middle Low German lēven ), Old High German lebēn (Middle High German leben , German leben ), all showing a similar semantic range, Old Icelandic lifa to live, to remain, Norn (Shetland) liva , lava to live, Old Swedish liva , leva , (runic) lifa to live (Swedish leva , †lefva to live; the sense ‘to remain’ is expressed by the prefixed verb kvarleva , †qvarlefva ), Old Danish livæ , levæ to live (Danish leve ), Gothic liban to live]",null,null,"1. b) intr. fig. Chiefly poet. Of a thing: to exist, be found.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED","EDD is incomplete: specific senses of \"live, v.\" are not included.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","6)","\"O what a deal of beauties rae, Leeve down in Caldew valley\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["leuk1","[lūk]","luik",null,null,"(EDD Online: \"look, v., int. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"look, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Saxon lōkon, Middle Dutch loeken, and probably Early Runic lokom, 1st singular or plural present indicative or 1st plural present optative (Weser estuary; 5th cent.) < the same Germanic base as Old High German luogēn to look furtively, to peek (Middle High German luogen, lūgen, German lugen: see note), further etymology unknown.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","I. 1. a. intr. To direct one's sight; to use one's ability to see. Hence (contextually): to conduct a visual inspection, examination, or search. Also of the eye: to be directed so as to see. Also in extended use and in figurative contexts. (a) With adverb or prepositional phrase expressing the direction or the intended object of vision.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","Extensive EDD definition, mainly focussed on compounds and combining adverbs and prepositions which collocate \"luik.\" Core sense of the verb (\"intr. To direct one's sight; to use one's ability to see.\") is not defined.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","49)","\"She's luikt her last luik o' the sun\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","1)","\"We oa' stopt an' teuk a gud leuk at him afoor anybody spak.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["leuk2","[lūk]","luik",null,null,"(EDD Online: \"look, v., int. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"look, v.\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Saxon lōkon, Middle Dutch loeken, and probably Early Runic lokom, 1st singular or plural present indicative or 1st plural present optative (Weser estuary; 5th cent.) < the same Germanic base as Old High German luogēn to look furtively, to peek (Middle High German luogen, lūgen, German lugen: see note), further etymology unknown.]",null,"5. To appear, seem.","II. intr. To have a certain appearance.\n\n11. b. With various complements. To have the appearance, or give the impression, of being; to seem to the sight or to the mind.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","15)","\"It dud my hear gud to see hoo pleas't he leùkt\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["lig","[lig]",null,null,"α. OE licgan, licgean, Northumb. licga, ME liggan, ME ligge-n, ME ligen, luggen /y/, ME lyge, lygge, ME–15 ( 16–18 dial.) lig, ligg, ME ligyn, lyggyn, lyg, lyegge.\n\nβ. ME lien, ME ligen, ME lin, ME lii, lij, li, lyen, (? erron. ley-n, leȝe, lai), ME lyn(e, lyȝe, ME–17 ly, ME–18 lye, ME liyn, lyyn, lyin, ME– lie. See also lig v.\n\nForms relating to usage example from (Richardson 1871: 46):\n\n7. pres. pple. lying /ˈlaɪɪŋ/. Forms: OE licgende, Northumb. lic(c)end, ME liggend, ME liynge, lyng, liging, ligand(e, -onde, liende, lyende, liggonde, -ande, lyggynde, ME ligging, -yng(e, ME liggeng, lieng, lyynge, leing, liend, ME–15 lyeng(e, liand(e, lyand(e, ME lyond, lyggande, ME–15 lyggyng(e, -ing(e, lyinge, 15 liyng, 16 lyeing, ME– lying, 18 ligging dial.","(EDD Online: \"lie, v.2 and sb.3\")","(OED Online: \"lay, v.1\", \"lie, v.1\" [and \"lig, v.\"])","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A","\n",null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[A Common Germanic strong verb: Old English licgan = Old Frisian liga, lidsa, lidzia, Old Saxon liggian (Dutch, Low German liggen), Old High German and Middle High German liggen, licken, ligen (modern German liegen), Old Norse liggia (Swedish ligga, Danish ligge), Gothic ligan < Old Germanic *ligjan (the Gothic ligan is abnormal), < Germanic root *leg- (:lag-:lǣg-) < West Aryan *legh- (:logh-:lēgh-) to lie; compare Greek λέχος bed, ἄλοχος bedfellow, wife, λόχος lying in wait, ambush, Latin lectus bed, Old Church Slavonic ležati to lie.]","Strange word:\n\nEtymological progression of \"lig\" follows that of \"lie, v.1\", but its definition is more closely linked to sense III 21. a. of \"lay, v.1\".\n\nThis is noted in the definition of \"lie, v.1\", which states:\n\nIII.\n \n15. trans. Used causatively or by mistake for lay v.1   Now rare.","10. trans. To lay.","II.\n\n15. trans. Used causatively or by mistake for lay v.1   Now rare.\n\nRelevant defintion in lay, v.1:\n\nIII. To place, set, apply.\n\n21. With object denoting a member of the body.\n \na. gen. To place (one's limbs, etc.) in a certain position.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Technically the definitions are the same, but OED is far more detailed.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","26)","\"When death, my friend, yence ligs you fast\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","14)","\"neàbody hereaboot 'ill think a lal lock of steans worth meddlin' on, sa lang as they divn't lig I' the'r rwoad\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","46)","\"He could ha' hitch't ower a five bar't yat wi' just liggen ya hand on t' top on 't\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL135,#REF!,#REF!,AQ135,AV135)","v":3}]
["light","[līt]\n\nResearcher would pronounce [lait]","leet",null,null,"(EDD Online: \"light, adj.2, sb.2 and v.2\")","(OED Online: \"light, adj.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English léoht , lῑht , Northumbrian lēht = Old Frisian li(u)cht , Old Saxon *lîht implied in derivatives (Dutch licht ), Old High German lîht(i (Middle High German lîht , modern German leicht ), Old Norse léttr (Danish let , Swedish lätt ), Gothic leihts < Old Germanic *liŋhto- (-tjo- ), < Germanic root *liŋgw- < pre-Germanic *leñghw- , as in Lithuanian leŋgvas light; the ablaut-var. pre-Germanic *lŋghw- , Germanic *luŋgw- , appears in Sanskrit laghu , Greek ἐλαϕρός light, ἐλαχύς small, Old High German lungar light;]",null,"4. Thoughtless, foolish, giddy; of loose morals. Also used advb.","VII.\n\n22. Of the head: Dizzy, giddy. Also of persons: Wandering in mind, delirious = light-headed adj. 1   (now dial.: see Eng. Dial. Dict.). [Compare sense 16; but there appears to be here a reference to a subjective sensation of physical levity.]\n\n 16. That moves or is moved easily or with slight pressure; pliant, fickle, shifty, unsteady; facile, ready (of belief, etc.). Const. of, to with inf. Now rare. (See also light of love n.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1893,"(Farrall: ","1)","\"Mary Jackson sent ther sarvant lad, Tommy Wilson (a chap 'at was oalas consider't rayder leet […])","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB136,AG136,AL136,AQ136,AV136)","v":1}]
["lip","[lip]",null,null,"ME– lip","(EDD Online: \"lip, sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"lip, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English lippa weak masculine, corresponds to Old Frisian lippa (masculine), Middle Low German, Middle Dutch lippe (feminine) (whence modern German lippe, modern Dutch lip feminine), Middle Swedish lippe, lippa, and läpe, modern Swedish läpp, Danish læbe < Old Germanic type *lipjon-, cognate with the synonymous Old Saxon lepor, Old High German leffur, lefs (masculine) (Middle High German lefs (masculine), lefse (feminine), modern German dialect lefze feminine) < Old Germanic *lepoz-, *leps, < root *lep-, pre-Germanic *leb-; ablaut-variants occur in Latin labium, labrum, and Pehlevi lap (modern Persian lab) lip. The Low German word was adopted into Old French as lipe, whence modern French lippe thick under-lip.]",null,"3. Fig. Impudence, ‘cheek,’ impertinence; impertinent talk. In gen. slang use.","I.\n\n3. c. slang. Saucy talk, impudence.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1893,"(Farrall: ","12)","\"Yan was real impiddent wid t' maister, an' tell't him he was t' maister, and gev him a heep o' lip.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["lish","[liʃ]",null,null,"Also leash, leish, lies(c)h, leesh (see Eng. Dial. Dict.)","(EDD Online: \"lish, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"lish, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,"Neither OED nor EDD lists an etymology for \"lish, adj.\"","Lithe, supple; nimble, agile, active.","dial.\n\nActive, nimble.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","193)","\"Neist day a dizzen lish young lads […] set off a jolly party.\"","Poetry",1871,"(Richardson: ","46)","\"He was abeun sixteen steann weight, aw beann an' sinny, an' as lish as a buck.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["lock","[lok]",null,null," eOE loca (in sense 2, perhaps transmission error), OE locc, OE–eME loc, eME lochkes (plural), ME lock- (inflected form), ME lok, ME–15 loke, ME–15 lokke, ME–17 locke, lME look, 15– lock; Eng. regional (chiefly in sense 4) 17 look (north.)","(EDD Online: \"lock, sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"lock, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Low German","Germanic","Do Not Match","[Cp. LG. lok (pl. löke), a number, quantity, heap (Berghaus).]","[Cognate with Old Frisian lok , Old Dutch lok (Middle Dutch locke , Dutch lok ), Old Saxon lokk (Middle Low German locke ), Old High German loc (Middle High German loc , German Locke ), Old Icelandic lokkr , Old Swedish lokker (Swedish lock ), Old Danish lok (Danish lok ), further etymology uncertain; perhaps < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek λύγος withy (see Lygus n.) and Lithuanian †lugnas flexible, supple.\n \nCompare also (apparently from the same Germanic base, with different stem class) Old Icelandic lykkja, Norwegian (Nynorsk) lykkje, Old Swedish lykkia (Swedish lycka), Old Danish lykki (Danish løkke), all in sense ‘bend, loop, noose’.]","Both OED and EDD recognise \"lock, n.\"'s relationship with the Germanic languages. Also, OED mentions the same Low German root word as the EDD.\n\nHowever, OED deals with more languages and, due to the number of cognates with other Germanic languages, place's \"lock, n.\"'s etymology as being Germanic in origin.","A quantity of anything; gen. a small quantity.","4. b. orig. and chiefly Sc.; also Irish English (north.) and Eng. regional (north.). An undefined amount or number. In later use: a good deal, a lot. Usually with of (also with noun complement without of).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Usage example by Gibson (1869: 8) omits the object of the sentence, as shown below:\n\n\"mebbee ther's a lock (of people) 'at doesn't know what a leear Tommy Towman is\"",1869,"(Gibson: ","8)","\"mebbee ther's a lock 'at doesn't know what a leear Tommy Towman is\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","9)","\"\"Stop,\" ses Bob, \"we mun put a lock o' shot in them\"\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["lowp","[loup] ([laʊp[)",null,"loup",null,"(EDD Online: \"loup, v.1 and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"loup, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Old Norse","Match","[1. Mon lowp on loft in the contrere, Barbour Bruce (1375) xiii. 652. 7. Norw. dial. laupa and lope, to run (Aasen); ON. hlaupa (Vigfusson).]","[Old Norse hlǫupa: see leap v.]",null,"5. To throb, beat, pulsate.","intr. and trans. = leap v. in various senses.\n\nSpecifically:\n\n5. c. Of the heart: To beat vigorously, beat ‘high’, bound, throb. Also rarely of the pulse.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","7)","\"O how my heat wad lowp for joy, to lead her up the alley\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["lug","[lug]",null,null,"Also (15 Sc. louge), 15–16 lugg(e.","(EDD Online: \"lug, sb.2 and v.2\")","(OED Online: \"lug, n.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[1. A fine round head when those two lugs are off, Jonson Staple of News (1625) v. i, ed. Cunningham, II. 329.]\n","[Of obscure etymology.\n\nAs a synonym of ear , it first appears early in the 16th cent., and in colloquial Scots use has entirely superseded the older word. Presumably this application is a transferred use of a word that existed earlier with some other meaning. It is possible that the sense ‘ear-flap of a cap’, which is the earliest represented in our quots., may really be prior to the sense ‘ear’; for similar transferences of words from parts of clothing to the parts of the body covered, compare breech , crown , sole . If so, the word may perhaps be of Scandinavian origin, with a general sense of ‘something that can be pulled or laid hold of’, specialized differently in Swedish lugg forelock, with which compare English dial. (Sheffield, North Derb., etc.) ‘to pull (somebody's) lugs’, meaning not as in Scotland, the ears, but the hair. (See lug v.)]","Differing language focus. The EDD only traces the noun \"lug\" to its first appearance in English dialect literature. Not concerned with when the noun entered the English language.\n\nEtymology of lug = \"ear\" far more obscure than lug = \"haul.\"","1. sb. The ear.","2. a. = ear n.1 1, 2 Now colloq. or joc. \n\nBy the 19th cent. it had become the only word in use in Sc. ear having become obs. exc. in combination (though it is now standard). English writers of 16–17th c. use lug as a slang or jocular synonym (see quots. 1592, 1631, and cf. 2b).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","192)","\"Now lend your lugs a wheyle\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","14)","\"He cockt up his lugs\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["lump1","[lɐmp]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"lump, sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"lump, n.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Middle English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Middle English lump; not found in the early Germanic dialects; compare early modern Dutch lompe (now lomp) rag; Dutch lomp, Low German lump adjective, coarse, heavy, rude; German (from Dutch or Low German) lumpen rag, lump ragamuffin; Swedish lump (Danish 16th cent.) rag is from German. A sense nearer to that of the English word occurs in Danish (16th cent.) lump(e lump, Norwegian and Swedish dialect lump block, stump, log, lumpe a sort of cake.]",null,"3. A fat pig; a dull, heavy, stupid person.","6. Applied to persons.\n\na. As a term of opprobrium: A heavy, dull person. (Cf. 1c.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","20)","\"fifty year sen they dud nowte bit gang till they war girt lumps o' fellows,\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(#REF!,AG142,AL142,AQ142,AV142)","v":1}]
["lump2","[lɐmp]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"lump, sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"lump, n.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Middle English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Middle English lump; not found in the early Germanic dialects; compare early modern Dutch lompe (now lomp) rag; Dutch lomp, Low German lump adjective, coarse, heavy, rude; German (from Dutch or Low German) lumpen rag, lump ragamuffin; Swedish lump (Danis",null,"6. A mass; a quantity; a ‘deal.’","1. e. A great quantity; a ‘lot’, ‘heap’. Also pl. ‘lots’, ‘heaps’. slang. or dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","48)","\"What wad ha' been t' use o' sek grates as they hev noo, when they use to put on a girt lump o' wood\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(#REF!,AG143,AL143,AQ143,AV143)","v":1}]
["mair (nae-)","([ni]) + [mēr]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"more, adj. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"no more, pron., and n., adj., and adv.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","adverb","Do Not Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"Formed within English, by compounding. < no adv.1 + more adj., pron., adv., n.3, and prep.",null,"5. (No) longer, any more.","C. 1. a)  No longer; not any more.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","7)","\"Nae mair he cracks the leaves o' the' green, the cleverest far abuin\"","Poetry",1871,"(Richardson: ","25)","\"We saw neah mair o' Isaac Todd.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB144,AG144,AL144,AQ144,AV144)","v":2}]
["mak","[mak]",null,null,"ME mak, ME makke, ME– make; Eng. regional (north.) 17– mack, 18– mac, 18– mak, 18– meak, 18– mek","(EDD Online: \"make, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"make, n.2\" and \"make, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Conversion","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: make v.1\n\n< make v.1\n\nOrigin: A word inherited from Germanic.\nEtymology: Cognate with Old Frisian makia, Middle Dutch māken (Dutch maken), Old Saxon makon (Middle Low German māken), Old High German mahhōn (Middle High German machen, German machen); apparently not represented in Gothic or early Scandinavian (Old Swedish maka to make, construct (Swedish maka to move), Danish mage to manage, arrange are from Middle Low German; Old Icelandic maka to make (rare) is from Middle Low German or another West Germanic language); further etymology uncertain.]",null,"2. Sort, kind, species, variety, quantity; fig. state, condition.","I. Senses relating to the form or composition of something physical or immaterial.\n\n3. Sc. and Eng. regional (north.). A kind, sort, or species.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Surviving Dialect Word:\n\nInterestingly OED includes usage examples from the late 20th Century for \"mak, n.2, sense I3\" from the Cumbrian dialect.\n\nShows it has remained in constant use.",1869,"(Gibson: ","8)","\"He's nin o' t' deein' mak' isn't fadder.\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","6)","\"\"Well,\" he says, in his own mak o' toak\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB145,AG145,AL145,AQ145,AV145)","v":2}]
["mant","[mant]","\"mantan\" = adverbial form of \"mant, v\"",null,"18– mant; Sc. pre-17 mante, pre-17 17– mant, 17– maunt.","(EDD Online: \"mant, v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"mant, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","Neither","EDD and OED are wrong\n\nGilpin (1866: 197) is cited as a usage example in EDD entry for \"mant, v.\" and OED entry for \"mant, v.\"\n\nMantan is not a verb in this extract: \"Mant\" acts as an adverb in the following usage example:\n\n\"The breyde said, mantan, \"N-yea.\"\"\n\n(In standard English: The bride said, hesitantly [stammeringly], \"N-Yes.\"\")\n\n\"Said\" acts as the verb, with \"mantan\" complimenting it adverbially.","Gaelic","Scottish Gaelic","Do Not Match","[1. (1) Mad manter, vaine vaunter, Montgomerie Poems (c. 1600), ed. Cranstoun, 85. Gael. manntach, stammering (M. & D.).]","[< Scottish Gaelic mannt lisp, stammer, cognate with Early Irish mant gum, Middle Welsh mant mouth, jaw, and probably more distantly cognate with classical Latin mentum chin (see mouth n.).]",null,"1. v. To stammer.","Sc. and Eng. regional (north.).\n\n1. intr. To stutter, to stammer; to have a speech impediment.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","197)","\"An' you, young woman, promise here, to honour and obey your spouse in a' he may require; the breyde said, mantan, \"N-yea.\"\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB146,AG146,AL146,AQ146,AV146)","v":1}]
["mar","[mā(r)]",null,null,"OE merran (Anglian), OE mierran, OE mirran, OE myrran, lOE mærran, eME mære, eME mearre, ME mare, ME mer, ME mere, ME merr, ME merre, ME mire, ME–16 marre, ME–17 (18– regional) marr, ME– mar;","(EDD Online: \"mar, v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"mar, v.\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian mēra to hinder, Old Saxon merrian to cause to stumble or err, to hinder (Middle Low German merren to hinder), Middle Dutch merren to hinder, (intransitive) to loiter (see below), Old High German marren, merren to hinder, disturb (Middle High German merren to hinder), (intransitive) to linger, delay (see below), Gothic marzjan to cause to stumble, to offend.]",null,"1. v. To spoil, damage, injure; to defile, dirty; to hinder, interfere with.","3. b. trans. To impair fatally, spoil, ruin (an enterprise, achievement, ability, intention, emotion, etc.). Often paired in proverbial antithesis with make (see make v.1 69b) or mend. Now frequently in somewhat weakened sense: to detract from the perfection or completeness of (a thing). Also intr.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED definition far more specified.\n\nOED sense specifically applied to the ruination of or interference with an enterprise or intention, as illustrated by the usage example cited from Gilpin (1866: 207).\n\nEDD only deals with the concept of \"interference.\"",1866,"(Gilpin: ","207)","\"Will this new year for better ken ye; Or, leyke me, rather mar than mend ye by its addition?\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB147,AG147,AL147,AQ147,AV147)","v":1}]
["marketer",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"marketer, n.\"","No",null,"Yes",null,"noun","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"English by Derivation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: market v., -er suffix1.\n\n< market v. + -er suffix1. Compare earlier marketor n.]",null,null,"orig. U.S.\n \n1. A person who buys or sells in a market.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED","Borrowing from American English?\n\nPerhaps transferred throug trade industry? Cumbrian connection with America provided by the port at Whitehaven (Hutchinson 1794: 42)",1869,"(Gibson: ","17)","\"She was ola's a top marketer was ooar Betty.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB148,AG148,AL148,AQ148,AV148)","v":1},"Yes","Yes"]
["meast",null,null,null,"β. OE (Northumbrian)–ME (north.) maast, OE (Northumbrian)–16 mast, eME masst ( Ormulum), ME maste (north.); Eng. regional (north.) 16 maste, 18 maast, 18 maiyast, 18 meast, 18 myast, 18 myest, 18– maist, 18– measst, 18– meeast; Sc. pre-17 maiste, pre-17 mast, pre-17 maste, pre-17 mayest, pre-17 mayst, pre-17 meist, pre-17 messt, pre-17 mest, pre-17 17–18 meast","(EDD Online: \"most, adj., adv. and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"most, adj., pron., and n., and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","pronoun","Do Not Match","OED","EDD does not recognise \"most\" as a pronoun",null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[ Cognate with Old Frisian māst , Middle Dutch meest (Dutch meest ), Old Saxon mēst , Middle Low German mēst , meist , Old High German meist (Middle High German meist , German meist ), Old Icelandic mestr , Swedish mest , Danish mest , Gothic maists most < a suffixed (superlative: see -est suffix) form of the Germanic base of mo adv.1]",null,"8. sb. The greater part, the majority.","B. pron. and n.\n\nI. As a superlative corresponding to much.\n\n2. In phrases used adverbially.\n\nd. the most: to the greatest degree or extent, most of all. Cf. sense C. 1.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","17)","\"She ken't hoo to bring t' ho'pennies heàm! Nūt like t' meàst o' fellows wives\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","50)","\"Fwok ur aw gitten to be sa wise 'at yan dussent know who's t' wisest or who knows t' meast.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG149,#REF!,AL149,AQ149,AV149)","v":2}]
["meer","[məa(r)]\n\nResearcher would pronouce as [miə(r)], rhyming with \"fear.\"",null,null,"δ. ME–15 mere, ME meere, ME mer, ME meyre, ME mure, ME–15 meare, ME (18– Irish English (north.)) meer, 15 myer (Eng. regional (north.)), 18 meäre (Eng. regional (south-west.)); Sc. pre-17 meire, pre-17 mer, pre-17 meyr, pre-17 meyre, pre-17 miere, pre-17 17– mear, pre-17 17– meare, pre-17 17– meir, pre-17 17– mere, 18– meer, 19– meere, 19– mehr.","(EDD Online: \"mare, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"mare, n.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by compounding.\n\nA merging of two distinct words: Old English mearh horse and Old English mīre, mȳre mare]",null,"3. A horse of either sex.","†1. A horse (of either sex). Obs. (Irish English in later use).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","34)","\"when he gat to Stybarrow cragg summet went wrang wi' t' auld meer 'at he'd borrow't; an' she began yellin', an' kickin',\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","16)","\"At lang last, t' meear was yok't\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB150,AG150,AL150,AQ150,AV150)","v":2}]
["mence","[mens]","mence","mense","Eng. regional (north.) 17– mense, 18 mence; Sc. pre-17 17– mense, 17 mence.","(EDD Online: \"mense, sb., adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"mense, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Early Scandinavian","Do Not Match","[1. To mene me with messes, grete menske nowe it were, Awntyrs Arthure (c. 1435) 230 in Sc. Allit. Poems (1897) 133; And suche a wife þou sende Isaac... him to ioy and menske to þe, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 3269. 2. ON. mennska, humanity (Vigfusson). 8. ON. mennskr, human, belonging to man. 9. Men suld him mensk, Cursor M. 2432.]","[Variant of mensk v., with northern loss of -k from final -sk.\n\n\"mensk, v.\": < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic mennska humanity: see mannish n.).] ","Near identical\n\nAlmost match, but EDD etymology specifically states ON, not Early Scandinavian.\n\nAttributable to lack of correct terminology and advances in the field of Etymology in the last 100-or-so years.","9. v. To grace, decorate, adorn; to do honour to; to behave respectfully or courteously to. Also used fig.","Now Eng. regional (north.) and Sc.\n\n1. trans. To grace; to adorn, decorate; to be a credit or to do honour to; to show hospitality to.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","196)","\"But a' wi' yae consent seem'd met, to mence this merry day\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB151,AG151,AL151,AQ151,AV151)","v":1}]
["mense","[mens]","mence","mense","Eng. regional (north.) 17– mense, 18– mence, 18– mens, 18– ments","(EDD Online: \"mense, sb., adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"mense, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Early Scandinavian","Do Not Match","[1. To mene me with messes, grete menske nowe it were, Awntyrs Arthure (c. 1435) 230 in Sc. Allit. Poems (1897) 133; And suche a wife þou sende Isaac... him to ioy and menske to þe, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 3269. 2. ON. mennska, humanity (Vigfusson). 8. ON. mennskr, human, belonging to man. 9. Men suld him mensk, Cursor M. 2432.]","[Variant of mensk v., with northern loss of -k from final -sk.\n\n\"mensk, v.\": < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic mennska humanity: see mannish n.).] ","Near identical\n\nAlmost match, but EDD etymology specifically states ON, not Early Scandinavian.\n\nAttributable to lack of correct terminology and advances in the field of Etymology in the last 100-or-so years.","4. Decency, propriety, decorum; sense, discretion, tact; good manners, politeness.","Now Eng. regional (north.), Sc., and Irish English (north.).\n \n1. Propriety, decorum, kindness, tact; discretion, intelligence, common sense.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","195)","\"An' monie a queer far'd chiel was there, an' monie an unco't shaver, some wantin' mence, some wantin' snese, an' some their best behaviour\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB152,AG152,AL152,AQ152,AV152)","v":1}]
["meynd",null,null,null,"ME mend, ME mende, ME–16 minde, ME–16 mynd, ME–16 mynde, 15 mynne, 15– mind, 18– mine (Jamaican); Eng. regional 18 meind, 18 mineteed (past tense), 18 minn'd (past tense), 18 moind, 18– mahnd, 18– min', 18– minden (past participle), 18– mine, 18– mineted (past tense); Sc. pre-17 minde, pre-17 17 mynde, pre-17 17– mind, pre-17 18 mynd, pre-17 18 myne, pre-17 19– meind, 17 mein, 17– mine, 18– min, 18– min'; Irish English (north.) 18– min', 18– mind, 19– mine. ","(EDD Online: \"mind, v.\")","(OED Online: \"mind, v.\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","English by Conversion","Do Not Match","[1. OE. myndgian, to remember, bear in mind.]","[Derived from < mind n.1.\n\nHence:\n\nAphetic < i-mind n.\n\nHence:\n\nGermanic: OE gemind, OE gimynd (chiefly Northumbrian), OE–eME gemynd, lOE gemynde, lOE–eME gemund, eME ȝemiend (south-east midl.), eME ȝemund, eME ȝemynd, eME imiend (south-east midl.), eME imunde, eME imynd, eME ymvnde, ME imund (south-west. and south-west midl.), ME ymund (south-west.).]",null,"3. To remind; to admonish.","I. To remember; to bring or call to mind.\n\n1. trans.\n\nc. To remind (a person) or put (a person) in mind of (also with about, on, or with clause or infinitive). Now chiefly Sc.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","210)","\"\"Thou meynds me weel o' some foul fop I' th' pulpit rantin'\"\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB153,AG153,AL153,AQ153,AV153)","v":1}]
["mickle","[mi·kl]",null,null,"γ. (for OE micl-, mycl- see note below) eME miccle ( Ormulum), ME mikelle, ME mikil, ME mikill, ME mikille, ME mikle, ME mikul, ME mikyl, ME mikylle, ME myckyll, ME mycul, ME mycull, ME myculle, ME mykele, ME mykil, ME mykile, ME mykill, ME mykille, ME mykul, ME mykull, ME mykyle, ME–15 mikell, ME–15 mykel, ME–15 mykell, ME–15 mykelle, ME–15 mykle, ME–15 mykyl, ME–15 mykyll, ME–15 mykylle, ME–15 (18– chiefly Eng. regional (north.)) mickel, ME–16 micle, ME–16 mikel, ME–16 mycle, ME– mickle (now arch. and regional),","(EDD Online: \"mickle, adj., adv. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"mickle, adj., pron. (and n.), and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Germanic","Do Not Match","[Ector... most is in mynd for his mykyll strenght, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 14771 He was mighty on molde & mekull goode hade, Dest. Troy 159; Þe mukel... loghe to þe lyfte rered, Cleanness (c. 1360) 366, in Allit. P., ed. Morris, 47. OE. micel (mycel), great (B.T.).]","[Cognate with Middle Dutch mēkel, Old Saxon mikil (Middle Low German (rare) mēkel; the commoner michel is a borrowing < Middle High German), Old High German mihhil, mihhal, mihhel (Middle High German michel, early modern German michel), Old Icelandic mikill, mykill (masculine accusative mikinn, mykinn, neuter nominative and accusative mikit, mykit), Norn (Shetland) mege (neuter), Norwegian (Nynorsk) mykjen, Norwegian (Bokmål) meget (now only as adverb), Old Swedish mykil (Swedish mycken, neuter mycket (also as adverb)), Old Danish megel, møgel (Danish meget (also as adverb), (arch.) megen), Gothic mikils < an extended form (cognate with ancient Greek μεγαλο-, lengthened stem form of μέγας) of the Indo-European base of Hittite mekki- great, numerous, ancient Greek μέγας great, Armenian mec great, Tocharian A māk, Tocharian B māka (adjectives) many, much, (adverbs) very much, Albanian madh great, and a number of Celtic forms (e.g. Early Irish mogaid increases, magdae large, Gaulish personal names Magios, Magiomarus, etc.); compare also (with -w- extension) Old Icelandic miǫk (adverb) very, and (with -n- extension) classical Latin magnus large (compare Old Icelandic mikinn, masculine accusative, which is perhaps from the same extended form of the Indo-European base); the -l- extension in the Germanic and Greek bases has sometimes been seen as an independent development in each language, but this seems unlikely.]",null,"4. Much in quantity, abundant.","Now regional (chiefly Sc. and Eng. regional (north.)) and arch.\n\nA. adj.\n\nII. = much adj. 2.\nIn later use, like much, limited to attributive position and taking on the characteristics of a determiner.\n\n2. a. A great quantity or amount of; = much adj. 2a.\nFrequently in comparative, and now, in Sc., chiefly in negative and interrogative context.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","13)","\"he […] ax't me what I thowte meàd him tak so mickle trùble laitin' bits o' steàn on t' fells if he cud git what he wantit at t' rwoad side.\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","21)","\"Theer nowte et mak noo, for fwok hes gitten sa mickle pride, an' sa menny new-fanglet ways, 'at them auld customs ur aw deun away wi'.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG154,#REF!,AL154,AQ154,AV154)","v":2}]
["middling","[mi·dlin]","middlin'",null,"17– middling, 18– middlin (regional), 18– middlin' (regional), 18– midling (regional). ","(EDD Onliine: \"middling, adj., adv. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"middling, adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Conversion","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by Conversion,\n\n< middling adj.1\n\nEither (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. \n\nEtymons: middling n.1; middle v., -ing suffix2.\n\nEither < middling n.1, or < middle v. (although this is rare before the 17th cent.) + -ing suffix2. Compare later middling adj.2]",null,"4. adv. Moderately, tolerably, fairly; rather.","1. Chiefly colloq. Modifying an adjective or adverb: moderately, fairly.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","1)","\"at last fadder said, middlin' sharp-like […] \"We've summat else to deu […].\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","49)","\"it was middlin' hard wark bringin' a sledful o' peats doon,\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG155,#REF!,AL155,AQ155,AV155)","v":2}]
["mort","[mǭt]",null,"mwort: specifically found in Cumbrian (EDD Online: \"mort, sb.1, adj.1, adv.\")","16– mort, 17 mwort (Eng. regional (Cumberland)), 17– mot (Eng. regional (Kent)), 18 morgt (Eng. regional (Devon)), 19– maut (Eng. regional (Cumberland)); Irish English 19– mart, 19– mort, 19– morth.","(EDD Online: \"mort, sb.1, adj.1 and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"mort, n.6\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[1. Then they had a mort o' prisoners, Plautus made English (1694) (Nares). Fr. (Norm. dial.) mort, in phr. àmort, en grande quantité: Le prunier a des prunes à mort (Moisy); ON. mart, a great quantity, margr, many (Fritzner).]","[Origin uncertain. Perhaps shortened < mortal adj. (compare Special uses 1 s.v.), perhaps reinforced by murth n. (compare also quot. ?a1450 at that entry).\nDerivation from a borrowing of an early Scandinavian form (compare Old Icelandic mart, neuter of margr many (as in mart manna a great number of people)) is unlikely given the form, distribution, and chronology of the word.]","OED discredits the EDD's etymology.","1. sb. A quantity, a great deal; abundance; a large number, a great many; also used advb. in phr. a mort, much.","regional. 1. A large quantity or number; a great deal. Usually with of.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","57)","\"She's sent the bairns sec a mwort o' feyne things\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB156,AG156,AL156,AQ156,AV156)","v":1}]
["mug","[mug]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"mug, sb.4\")","(OED Online: \"mug, n.3\" and \"mug, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Probably < mug n.1, perhaps in allusion to the drinking mugs made to represent a grotesque human face which were common in the 18th cent.\n\n< mug, n.1\n\nOrigin: Of uncertain origin; modelled on a Dutch lexical item.\n\nOrigin uncertain; apparently related to Dutch mok mug (late 19th cent.), German regional (Low German) muck, German regional (Low German: East Friesland) mukke mug, Norwegian mugge open can or jug, Danish mugge, Swedish mugg mug, and also French regional moque, (Guernsey) mogue jug, cup, but the relationships between these words are unclear, and their further etymology is unknown.\nWith sense 1 perhaps compare Middle Dutch moken , variant of modekijn (ultimately < classical Latin modius modius n.).]",null,"1. The mouth; the face, countenance.","slang.\n\n1. a. A face, esp. an unattractive one.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","10)","\"that ugly mug o' thine\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB157,AG157,AL157,AQ157,AV157)","v":1}]
["mun","[mun]",null,"Preterite: mud","ME–17 mun; Eng. regional (chiefly north. and midl.)","(EDD Online: \"mun, v.1\")","(OED Online: \"mun, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Early Scandinavian","Do Not Match"," [1. Gif thai assalȝe, we mon defend, Barbour Bruce\n (1375) IX. 31. ON. munu, 3 pr. pl., will, shall, see Vigfusson\n (s.v. munu). 3. Þat þe men of Medi man, be ȝoure\n leue, Lang all in oure lawe, Wars Alex. (c. 1450) 1681.]","[< an early Scandinavian auxiliary verb expressing futurity (compare Old Icelandic monu , munu (1st and 3rd singular present indicative mon , mun (also man : see maun v.1); past tense munda ) shall, will, Old Swedish (1st and 3rd singular present indicative) mon , mun , mana , mane , (past tense) monde , munde , mande (Swedish (1st and 3rd singular present indicative) †mån , †mon , †månn , (originally past tense) månde , †månne , †monde can, shall, will), Danish (originally past tense) monne , monde shall, will) < the same Scandinavian base as Old Icelandic muna to remember (see mone v.)]","OED looks at more Scandinavian languages than the EDD. Similarities across many Scandinavian languages (such as Danish, Icelandic and Swedish) extend this verbs etymology past the language of Old Norse.","1. Must","Sc. and Eng. regional (chiefly north. and midl.). A modal auxiliary, normally complemented by the bare infinitive. \n\n1. a. Expressing necessity or obligation: am (is, or are) obliged to, must. Formerly also in weakened sense, expressing certain futurity: shall. In past tense, expressing the future in the past or a hypothetical condition: should, would.","EDD and OED Definition","No","OED","EDD provides \"translational\" definition, expecting the reader to do further research/ make inferences based on usage examples.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","24)","\"For come thou mun, aw mothers wise agree\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","11)","\"if yé mun know, I's cum't of a stock 'at niver wad be freetn't to show a feàce till a king.\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","37)","\"[The horse) began o' yellin', an' kickin', an' backin', as enny auld wicked bitch iv a meer mud deu\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","1)","\"Ah mun just tell ye 'at lāl Mary was an oánly dowter\"","Prose",{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB158,AQ158,#REF!,#REF!,AV158)","v":4}]
["nār1","[nā(r)]",null,"nar","(OED Online: \"nar, adv., prep.\")\n\nME nare (north.), ME ner, ME nerþere (comparative, transmission error), ME–15 nerr, ME–15 nerre, ME–16 nar (chiefly east midl. and north.), ME–16 narre (chiefly east midl. and north.), 15–16 narr; Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 17– nar","(EDD Online: \"near, adv., prep. and adj.1\")","(OED Online: \"near, adv. 2 (prep.2)\" and \"nar, adv., prep.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A","Both OED and EDD recognise \"near\" as a preposition. The boundary between the two word classes is often fuzzy, so this classification is beneficial.",null,"Early Scandinavian","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic nær , adverb, ‘nearer, near’ (see near adv.1), Old Icelandic nærr , adverb, ‘nearer’, representing a double comparative formation < the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic nær (see near adv.1) + the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic -r -er suffix3, and Old Icelandic nærri , adverb, ‘nearer, near’, probably originally an adjectival formation (see nar adj.)). Old Icelandic nær , nærri were used in both comparative and positive sense (compare etymological note s.v. near adv.2); in modern Icelandic nær (the reflex of both nær and nærr ) is used only in comparative sense (except in compounds), and nærri only in positive sense. Compare nar adj.\n\nThere is complete semantic overlap with near adv.1 and near adv.2 (see etymological note s.v. nar adj. for the distinction between these words).]",null,"Unclear, see notes","OED lists two possible defintions [cf. \"near, adv. 2 (prep.2)\" and \"nar, adv., prep.\"]\n\nnar, adv., prep.:\n\nIn later use chiefly Sc. and Eng. regional (north.).\n\nI. Denoting proximity.\n\n1. Near, close.\n\nnear adv.2 (prep.2): more detailed defintion, specifically concerned with the headwords use in variant grammatical structures.\n\nIII. With a prepositional phrase introduced by to (also †unto) as complement.\n\n16. a. Close to a place, thing, or person, esp. in space or time. Also fig.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"near, adv. (prep.)\" objectively. Reader is expected to make inferences based on usage examples and to conduct further research.",1869,"(Gibson: ","4)","\"When I com nār to Skeàl-Hill, I fund oald Aberram Atchisson sitten on a steul breckan steàns\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","17)","\"We leev't nār t' scheúl than\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG159,#REF!,AL159,AQ159,AV159)","v":2}]
["nār2","[nā(r)]",null,"nar","(OED Online: \"nar, adv., prep.\")\n\nME nare (north.), ME ner, ME nerþere (comparative, transmission error), ME–15 nerr, ME–15 nerre, ME–16 nar (chiefly east midl. and north.), ME–16 narre (chiefly east midl. and north.), 15–16 narr; Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 17– nar","(EDD Online: \"near, adv., prep. and adj.1\")","(OED Online: \"near, adv. 2 (prep.2)\" and \"nar, adv., prep.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A","Both OED and EDD recognise \"near\" as a preposition. The boundary between the two word classes is often fuzzy, so this classification is beneficial.",null,"Early Scandinavian","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic nær , adverb, ‘nearer, near’ (see near adv.1), Old Icelandic nærr , adverb, ‘nearer’, representing a double comparative formation < the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic nær (see near adv.1) + the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic -r -er suffix3, and Old Icelandic nærri , adverb, ‘nearer, near’, probably originally an adjectival formation (see nar adj.)). Old Icelandic nær , nærri were used in both comparative and positive sense (compare etymological note s.v. near adv.2); in modern Icelandic nær (the reflex of both nær and nærr ) is used only in comparative sense (except in compounds), and nærri only in positive sense. Compare nar adj.\n\nThere is complete semantic overlap with near adv.1 and near adv.2 (see etymological note s.v. nar adj. for the distinction between these words).]",null,"Unclear, see notes","OED lists two possible defintions [cf. \"near, adv. 2 (prep.2)\" and \"nar, adv., prep.\"]\n\nnar, adv., prep.:\n\nIn later use chiefly Sc. and Eng. regional (north.).\n\nI. Denoting proximity.\n\n1. Near, close.\n\nnear adv.2 (prep.2): more detailed defintion, specifically concerned with the headwords use in variant grammatical structures.\n\nII. With noun or noun phrase as complement. (In modern English grammar usually treated as prep.)\n \n12. a. Close to, within a short distance of (a place, thing, or person) in space.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"near, adv. (prep.)\" objectively. Reader is expected to make inferences based on usage examples and to conduct further research.",1893,"(Farrall: ","19)","\"Ah sent him a letter yisterday, tellin' him ta cum up till ooar hoose, bit he's nivver leùk't nār\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB160,AG160,AL160,AQ160,AV160)","v":1}]
["neef","[nīf]",null,null,"β. ME neef (chiefly north.), ME nef (chiefly north.), ME nefe (chiefly north.), ME neffe (chiefly north.), 16 neaf, 16 neafe, 16 neaffe; Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 16–17 neiffe, 17– neaf, 17– neife, 18 kneaf, 18 kneeaf, 18 nefe, 18– neeaf, 18– neef, 18– neif, 18– nief; Sc. pre-17 neefe, pre-17 nef, pre-17 nefe, pre-17 neff, pre-17 neife, pre-17 neiff, pre-17 newf, pre-17 neyf, pre-17 neyff, pre-17 nife, pre-17 niffe, pre-17 nyffe, pre-17 18– neef, pre-17 18– neif, pre-17 18– nief, pre-17 19– neaf; Irish English (north.) 19– neaf, 19– neef.","(EDD Online: \"neive, sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"nieve, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Early Scandinavian","Do Not Match","[1. Hys left neif, Douglas Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, iv. 130. ON. hnefi, fist (Vigfusson).]","[< early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic hnefi, Old Norwegian nefi (Norwegian neve), Old Swedish nävi (Swedish näve), Old Danish neuæ (Danish næve)), cognate with Middle High German neve (only in the compound nevemez fistful; unless this is a borrowing from Scandinavian); further etymology uncertain.]","OED considers more Scandinavian languages than Old Norse.","1. sb. The fist, the closed hand; the hand.","Chiefly Sc., Eng. regional (north.), and Irish English (north.).\n \n1. A clenched hand, a fist.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1893,"(Farrall: ","2)","\"Mary shākt her neef at me as much to say, \"Divn't say Ah sent for ye.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB161,AG161,AL161,AQ161,AV161)","v":1}]
["neyce","[nais]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"nice, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"nice, adj. and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"French","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< Anglo-Norman nice, nis, nise and Old French nice (c1160; c1250 as niche ; now French regional) < classical Latin nescius (see nescious adj.). Compare Old Occitan nesci (c1150; also attested as neci, nesi, nessi; Occitan neci), Spanish necio (1220–50), Catalan neci, nici (both 14th cent.), Portuguese necio (14th cent.; 15th cent. as néscio), Italian nescio (1321), all in sense ‘foolish, simple, ignorant’.]",null,"1. Over-particular; fastidious, esp. with regard to food; precise in manner; sensitive.","3. b. Fastidious, fussy, difficult to please, esp. with regard to food or cleanliness; of refined or dainty tastes.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","200)","\"Indeed there were some feckless fwok, that luik'd to be owre neyce, that nobbit nibbling peyk't and eat, Just leyke as monie mice.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB162,AG162,AL162,AQ162,AV162)","v":1}]
["nicked","[nik]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"nick, sb.3 and v.1\")",null,"Yes","Yes","No","adjective",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,null,"8. v. To make a notch or small incision; to cut slightly or irregularly; to chap, crack.\n\nHence:\n\nNicked adj. (3) nicked at or in\n the head, phr. rendered temporarily foolish or insane.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","13)","\"Well!\" says I, \"if I mun tell yé t' truth, I thowte yé war rayder nick't I' t' heid\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB163,AG163,AL163,AQ163,AV163)","v":1}]
["nivver","[ni·və(r)]",null,null,"ME–15 neuir, ME–15 nevir, ME–15 nevyr, ME–16 neuer, ME–16 newer, ME– never; Eng. regional 18 nivva, 18– niver, 18– nivver","(EDD Online: \"never, adv., sb.\")","(OED Online: \"never, adv. and int.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by compounding.\n\n< ne adv.1 + ever adv. and adj.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. adv.\n\n1. At no time or moment; on no occasion; not ever.\n \na. In general use.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD entry does not provide a definiton for \"never, adv.\"",1893,"(Farrall: ","11)","\"Thank yè, mistress; Ah nivver was at a circus in aw me life, an' it'll be a rare treet.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB164,AG164,AL164,AQ164,AV164)","v":1}]
["nobbut","[no·bət]","nobbet",null,"α. ME no bit (transmission error), ME no bot, ME nobot, ME no but, 19– nobut (Irish English (north.)); Eng. regional (north.) 17– nobbut, 18 nobber, 18 nobbet, 18 nobt, 18 no'but, 18– nobbat, 18– nobberd, 18– nobbit, 18– nobbud, 18– nobbur, 18– nobud, 18– nobut; also Sc. pre-17 no but, 18 nobut.","(EDD Online: \"nobbut, adv., conj., prep. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"nobbut, prep., conj., and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: no adv.1, but conj.]",null,"1. adv. Only; nothing but; lit. not but.","C. adv.\n\nOnly, merely, just.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","3)","\"Thou's a jolly jackass, but it maks nèa matter to me if thou no'but pays me t' five shillin' thou promish't ma.\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","24)","\"we began to think 'at we'd banish 't them awtogidder ; bit we fand it oot efter 'at they war nobbut waitin' till Isaac Todd hed gone to late some tin-cans.\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","9)","\"Whedder he wan his bet wid his black fessents nowder Bob nor me ivver hard tell; bit Ah think Carel fwoak know 'at theyt war nobbet Crows!\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL165,AG165,#REF!,AQ165,AV165)","v":3}]
["nor","[nə(r)]",null,null,"ME– nor, 15 nar; Eng. regional 18– nar (Worcs.), 18– ner, 18– nor, 18– nur; Sc. pre-17 17– nor, 17–18 nir, 17– nar, 18– ner, 19– nur. ","(EDD Online: \"nor, conj.\")","(OED Online: \"nor, conj.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","conjunction","conjunction","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Perhaps formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: nor conj.1\n\nOrigin uncertain; perhaps spec. use of nor conj.1 ]",null,"1. After comparatives: than; in gen. dial. use.","In recent use chiefly Sc., Irish English, U.S. regional, and Eng. regional.\n\nThan.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","2)","\"He turn't oot to be a far lisher oald chap nor a body wad ha' thowte.\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","61)","\"thur lads hed grown up to be as bad or warse for sweerin' nor their fadder.\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","17)","\"He gat far mair nor owder me or Bob\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL166,#REF!,#REF!,AQ166,AV166)","v":3}]
["nowder","[nǫə·ðə(r)]",null,null,"β. OE–eME nowðer, OE–ME nowþer, eME nowwþerr ( Ormulum), ME nowder, ME nowdir, ME nowdyr, ME nowdyre, ME nowether, ME nowthere, ME nowthir, ME nowthire, ME nowthre, ME nowthyr, ME nowþre, ME–16 nowther; Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 17– nowther, 18 nowdir, 18– nowder, 18– nowdther; Sc. pre-17 nowder, pre-17 nowdir, pre-17 nowthair, pre-17 nowthir, pre-17 nowthyr, pre-17 17– nowther","(EDD Online: \"nowther, adj., pron., conj. and v.1\"","(OED Online: \"nouther, pron., adv.1 (and conj.), and adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","conjunction","conjunction","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","English by Compounding","Do Not Match","[OE. nā-hwæðer, nawðer, nāðor.]","[Formed within English, by compounding: < ne adv.1 + outher pron.]",null,"4. conj. Neither; freq. used at the end of a sentence after a neg. for ‘either.’ Cf. neither.","B. adv.1 (and conj.)\n\n1. Introducing reference to alternatives or different things, about each of which a negative statement is made. Followed by †ne, †no, or nor. Cf. neither adv. 1.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","48)","\"When I was young fwok hed nowder grates nor chimley pieces.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB167,AG167,AL167,AQ167,AV167)","v":1}]
["nowt1","[nout]",null,null,"Eng. regional 17 noutt, 17– nort (south. and south-west.), 17– nout, 17– nowt, 18 now't, 18 nowte, 18– naowt (north-west midl.), 18– noat, 18– noht, 18– no't, 19– noot (Notts.), 19– note (Notts.), 19– nurt (Somerset); Sc. (south.) 18– nowt; Irish English (north.) 18– nout, 18– nowt","(EDD Online: \"nought, sb., adj., adv. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"nought, pron., n., adv., and adj.\" and \"nowt, pron., adj., adv., and n.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","pronoun","Do Not Match","OED",null,null,"English by Variation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Representing a variety of English regional, Scots, and Irish English pronunciations of nought pron., n., adv., and adj. (compare γ forms at that entry)\n\n\"Nought pron., n., adv., and adj.,\"\n\nFormed within English by Compounding:\n\n< ne adv.1 + aught pron., adj., and adv. (see β forms at that entry). Compare naught pron., n., adj., and adv., of which some of the Middle English and later forms given here may show continuations (see note below), not adv., n., and int.",null,"1. sb. Nothing.","Eng. regional (chiefly north. and midl.), Sc. (south.), and Irish English (north.).\n\nA. pron.\n\nNothing, not anything; = naught pron. 1.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED defintion found in \"nowt, pron., adj., adv., and n.2\"",1869,"(Gibson: ","15)","\"he […] brong doon t' ledder bags […] an' geh mé them to carry just as if nowte hed happen't\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","16)","\"Pooar Joe just leúkt up an' laff't, an' Ah seún saw it was nowt new ta him.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG168,#REF!,AL168,AQ168,AV168)","v":2}]
["numb","[num]",null,null,"ME nomme, ME nommyn, ME nomyn, ME–15 nome, 15–16 numbe, 15–16 numme, 15–17 (18– Eng. regional) num, 16 numne, 16– numb, 18– numm (Eng. regional)","(EDD Online: \"num(b), adj.\")","(OED Online: \"numb, adj. and n.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< the past participle of nim v.\n\nEtymology of \"nim, v.\"\n\nCognate with Old Frisian nima , nema (West Frisian nimme ), Middle Dutch nēmen (Dutch nemen ), Old Saxon niman , neman (Middle Low German nēmen , neymen , nemmen ), Old High German neman , nemman (Middle High German nemen , German nehmen ), early Scandinavian (runic) -nam (1st singular past indicative; in the compound un-nam I have learned, understood), Old Icelandic nema , Old Swedish nima , nimma (Swedish regional nimma ), Danish nemme , Gothic niman , probably < the Indo-European base of Avestan nəmah- loan, ancient Greek νέμειν to deal out, distribute, hold, possess, occupy (compare nemesis n.), although the semantic development is difficult to account for.]",null,"1. Clumsy; stupid; dull, heavy, insensible.","A. adj.\n\n1. d. colloq. Clumsy; stupid; mindless, unthinking. Cf. numbskull n.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","23)","\"he was as strang as a cuddy, bit as num as a coo.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB169,AG169,AL169,AQ169,AV169)","v":1}]
["our","[eu·ə(r)]",null,"oor","ME–15 ower, ME–15 owyr, ME–16 oure, ME–16 owr, ME–16 owre, ME– our, 15 overe, 15–16 ouer, 15–16 ovr; Eng. regional 17 aur (north.), 17–18 awr (Yorks.), 18 air, 18 eur (Devon), 18 ewar (north midl. and north.), 18 ooar (north midl. and north.), 18 or (north midl. and north.), 18– aar (north.), 18– ahr (north.), 18– ar (north.), 18– awwer (north.), 18– eaur (north.), 18– eawer (north.), 18– eawr (north.), 18– ir (north.), 18– oor (north.)","(EDD Online:\"poss. adj.\")","(OED Online:\"our, pron. and adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A","Possessive adjective.",null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[As pronoun, cognate with Old Frisian ūser , Old Saxon ūser (Middle Low German unser , ūser ), Old High German unsēr , unser , (rare) unsar (Middle High German unser , German (now literary) unser ), Old Icelandic vár , Gothic unsara , genitive plural form of the Germanic first person plural oblique personal pronoun (see us pron.). As adjective, cognate with Old Frisian ūse , Old Dutch unsa (Middle Dutch onse , (older, rare) onser , Dutch onze ), Old Saxon ūsa , (rare) ūse (Middle Low German unse , ūse ), Old High German unserēr (in Franconian also in shortened form unser ; Middle High German unser , German unser ), Old Icelandic várr (Icelandic (honorific) vor ), Norn (Orkney and Shetland) vor , Faroese (archaic) vár (also (representing a secondary formation after the objective case) †osara ), Norwegian vår , Old Swedish var , etc. (Swedish vår ), Old Danish vor (Danish (archaic) vor , now usually vores (compare ours pron. and adj.)), Gothic unsar < a Germanic possessive adjective with the same base as the pronoun forms above.]",null,"2. Belonging to the speaker's family or household; gen. used before proper names.","B. adj. The possessive adjective corresponding to we pron., n., and adj.\n\n2. spec. In various institutional contexts.\n\nb. colloq. Used familiarly with a person's name to denote a relative, friend, or acquaintance of the speaker, or (with title and surname) an employee of a company, etc. spec. (esp. with a forename) as a form of address for a family member. Cf. our (also are) kid at kid n.1 Additions, our one n. at Special uses.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","62)","\"Oor Jacob an' me\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","5)","\"Theear nivver was a fellah keener o' devarshun nor ooar Bob.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG170,#REF!,AL170,AQ170,AV170)","v":2}]
["owder","[ǭ·ðə(r)] is the nearest given by the EDD.\n\nResearcher would pronounce as:\n\n[aw·ðə(r)] ",null,null,"OED does not recognise Cumbrian spelling variant of \"either.\" Consult the following:\n\nOE ǽg-, œ́g-, éghwæðer, OE–ME ǽgðer, ME eigðer, (ME Orm. eȝȝðer), ME æiðer, aieþer, ME eiðer, eiþer, ME aiþer, aither, ayther, ( ayder, ME eyder), ME–15 ether, (? ME–15 aþer, ather, athir, ME euther, ewther), ME–16 eyther, eythir, (ME eithar), 15 eather, ME– either.","(EDD Online: \"either, adj., pron. and conj.\")","(OED Online: \"either, adj. (and pron.) and adv. (and conj.)\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adverb","Do Not Match","OED","EDD IS WRONG:\n\nEDD doesn't recognise the adverbial use of \"either,\" despite having usage examples in its entry which use the adverbial form:\n\ne.g. \n\n(2) Wm. Ader he'll kill me, er I'll kill him, Robison Aald Taales (1882)\n\n(19) Cum. Tou's owther fuil or font, Anderson Ballads (1805)\n\n(20) Lan. He's allus at uther him or me, Burnett Lowrie's (1877)","Old English","Germanic","Do Not Match","[These forms repr. two distinct primitive types, whereof No. 1 appears in OE. ǣghæðer (contr. ǣgðer), ME. ayþer (either), and No. 2 in OE. āhwæðer, āwðer, āðor, ME. owþer, oþer. The owther forms became obs. in lit. E. in 16th c.]","[Old English ǽghwæðer (contracted ǽgðer ) = Old High German eogihwedar (Middle High German iegeweder ), < West Germanic *aiwo(n (in Old English á , ó ) ay adv., always + *gihwaþaro-z (in Old English gehwæðer : see y- prefix and whether pron., adj., and conj.) each of two.]","Very similar, with the main difference being the level of detail.\n\nBoth reognise the importance of OE ǽghwæðer in their etymologies.\n\nOED considers more languages in its etymology. OED is more detailed.","Unclear, see notes","II. Adverbial uses of A. II. \"One or other of the two.\"\n\n3. Introducing the mention of alternatives.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","\"Owder\" set within EDD entry for \"either\" as a dialectal variant. Not defined objectively, only illustrated by usage examples.",1869,"(Gibson: ","5)","\"I niver owder seed nor heard mair of t' oald jolly jist\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","21)","\"If we could nobbut manish to keep 'im oot, we gat oor helliday, an' neah tasks owder\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","18)","\"He knows fra expeeriencs it'll be owder fra beggar […] wantin' munny for some charitabel purpos'; or sumboddy 'at wants a favour\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL171,AG171,#REF!,AQ171,AV171)","v":3}]
["ower1","[ou·ә(r)]",null,null,"γ. chiefly north. and north-west midl. ME oure, ME owere, ME owr, ME owre, ME owur, ME owyr, ME–15 our, ME–15 ower; Eng. regional 17– ower, 18– oher (Lincs.), 18– ooer (north.), 18– oor (north.), 18– our (north.), 18– owre (north.), 19– owr (north.), 19– owwer (north.); Sc. pre-17 ovr, pre-17 owere, pre-17 owir, pre-17 owyr, pre-17 17 ou'r, pre-17 17–18 our, pre-17 17–18 oure, pre-17 17–18 owr, pre-17 17– owre, pre-17 18– ower, 18 oo'r, 18 ow'r, 18– ouer; also Irish English (north.) 18 owre, 18– our, 18– ower, 19– oure.","(EDD Online: \"over, prep., adv., adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"over, adv. and int.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with (usually as both adverb and preposition (see over prep.) and as adverbial prefix: see over- prefix) Old Frisian over , Middle Dutch ōver (Dutch over ), Old Saxon oƀar , oƀer , ofer (Middle Low German ȫver , ōver ), Old High German ubar , (also ubari , ubiri , adverb; Middle High German über , German über ), Old Icelandic yfer (also ofar , adverb), Old Swedish övir , yvir (Swedish över ), Danish over , Gothic ufar < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit upari over, above, ancient Greek ὑπέρ over, and (apparently with extended form of the base) classical Latin super above < the Indo-European base of Sanskrit upa towards, near, ancient Greek ὑπό under, Gothic uf (see over adj. for other cognates in Germanic languages), and (apparently with extended form of the base) classical Latin sub under + an Indo-European comparative suffix.]",null,"18. Too; too much.","A. adv.\nIV. With reference to quantity.\n\n11. a. Beyond what is normal or proper; too much; excessively; too. See also over and above prep. 2. Now chiefly Eng. regional (north.) and Sc.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1893,"(Farrall: ","3)","\"It wadn't fit me neah way! It was far ower lang\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB172,AG172,AL172,AQ172,AV172)","v":1}]
["ower2","[ou·ә(r)]","owre",null,"Chiefly north. and north-west midl. ME oure, ME owere, ME owr, ME owre, ME owur, ME owyr, ME–15 our, ME–15 ower; Eng. regional 17– ower, 18– oher (Lincs.), 18– ooer (north.), 18– oor (north.), 18– our (north.), 18– owre (north.), 19– owr (north.), 19– owwer (north.)","(EDD Online: \"over, prep., adv., adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"over, prep. and conj.\")","Yes","No","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old Frisian over , Middle Dutch ōver (Dutch over ), Old Saxon oƀar , oƀer , ofer (Middle Low German ȫver , ōver ), Old High German ubar , (also ubari , ubiri , adverb; Middle High German über , German über ), Old Icelandic yfer (also ofar , adverb), Old Swedish övir , yvir (Swedish över ), Danish over , Gothic ufar < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit upari over, above, ancient Greek ὑπέρ over, and (apparently with extended form of the base) classical Latin super above < the Indo-European base of Sanskrit upa towards, near, ancient Greek ὑπό under, Gothic uf (see over adj. for other cognates in Germanic languages), and (apparently with extended form of the base) classical Latin sub under + an Indo-European comparative suffix.]",null,"5. Across, on the other side of.","A. \n\nIV. Across (above, or on a surface). \n\n16. a. From side to side of (a surface or space); across, to the other side of (a sea, river, boundary, etc.).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD does not recognise this sense as being present in Cumbrian. No usage examples are listed, leading the reader to believe it isn't present in the dialect.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","55)","\"He's gane to – I've forgitten, but it's some hard–word pleace owre seas.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB173,AG173,AL173,AQ173,AV173)","v":1}]
["ower3","[ou·ә(r)]",null,null,"γ. chiefly north. and north-west midl. ME oure, ME owere, ME owr, ME owre, ME owur, ME owyr, ME–15 our, ME–15 ower; Eng. regional 17– ower, 18– oher (Lincs.), 18– ooer (north.), 18– oor (north.), 18– our (north.), 18– owre (north.), 19– owr (north.), 19– owwer (north.); Sc. pre-17 ovr, pre-17 owere, pre-17 owir, pre-17 owyr, pre-17 17 ou'r, pre-17 17–18 our, pre-17 17–18 oure, pre-17 17–18 owr, pre-17 17– owre, pre-17 18– ower, 18 oo'r, 18 ow'r, 18– ouer; also Irish English (north.) 18 owre, 18– our, 18– ower, 19– oure.","(EDD Online: \"over, prep., adv., adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"over, prep. and conj.\")","Yes","No","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old Frisian over , Middle Dutch ōver (Dutch over ), Old Saxon oƀar , oƀer , ofer (Middle Low German ȫver , ōver ), Old High German ubar , (also ubari , ubiri , adverb; Middle High German über , German über ), Old Icelandic yfer (also ofar , adverb), Old Swedish övir , yvir (Swedish över ), Danish over , Gothic ufar < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit upari over, above, ancient Greek ὑπέρ over, and (apparently with extended form of the base) classical Latin super above < the Indo-European base of Sanskrit upa towards, near, ancient Greek ὑπό under, Gothic uf (see over adj. for other cognates in Germanic languages), and (apparently with extended form of the base) classical Latin sub under + an Indo-European comparative suffix.]",null,"3. Upon, on, on the top of.","II. In sense ‘on’, ‘upon’.\n\n5. a. On the upper or outer surface of; on top of, upon, esp. so as to be supported by, rest on, or cover (part of) the surface. Also: so as to cover (a hole).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1893,"(Farrall: ","4)","\"when Jimmy Bel cums, mak him a cup o' tea, an' put this ower t' tea-pot, an' it'll keep it as warm as toast\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB174,AG174,AL174,AQ174,AV174)","v":1}]
["pang","[paŋ]",null,null,"5 (Sc.)– pang, 19– peng (Irish English), 19– ping (Eng. regional (Notts.))\n\n[Mostly irrelevant to Cumbrian dialect, apart from the first one]","(EDD Online: \"pang, v.2 and adj.\")","(OED Online: \"pang, v.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Origin uncertain; this and pang adj., which is attested slightly earlier, are perhaps (with loss of -r- : compare pang n.1) related to Middle Dutch, Dutch prangen (Dutch also prengen ), Middle High German phrengen to press (also Middle High German phrenge tight (German regional (Bavarian) pfreng )), Gothic ana-praggan to oppress. Perhaps compare also prong n.1, prong n.2 Compare pang-full adj.]",null,"1. v. To fill to the utmost; to cram, pack, stuff full. Also used fig.","2. trans. a. To pack tight; to stuff; to cram full. Also: to press (objects) close together. Also intr. with passive meaning.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","200)","\"An' some there were could hardly speak, their thropples were sae pang'd\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","3)","\"he'd pang'd beàth o't ledder pwokes as full as they wad hod wid bits o' steàn.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB175,AG175,AL175,AQ175,AV175)","v":2}]
["parlish1","[pā·liʃ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"parlous, adj., adv.\")","(OED Online: \"parlous, adj. and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","French","Do Not Match","[1. Thou art in a parlous state, shepherd, SHAKS. As You, III. ii. 45. 2. O 'tis a parlous boy; Bold, quick, ingenious, forward, capable, SHAKS. Rich. III, III. i. 154.]","Variant of perilous adj. (see forms s.v.), with loss of the medial vowel. Anglo-Norman perillus, pereillous, perilious, perilius, perilleus, perillous, perilous and Old French perillus (Middle French, French périlleux ) dangerous (1155 in Old French, also as perillous , perilleus ), causing or spreading fear (beginning of the 13th cent. in Picardy as perillos ) < classical Latin perīculōsus periculous adj. Compare parlous adj.",null,"3. adv. Used as an intensitive, extremely.","B. adv. As an intensifier: extremely, very; terribly. Cf. precious adj. 4b. Now rare (in later use colloq. or Eng. regional).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","5)","\"I've offen thowte ther mun be parlish few steàns I' his country\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson:","127)","\"I turn't roond an' sat doon on a steàn to leùk aboot me, an' a parlish fine seet it was.\"","Poetry",1876,"(Dickinson:","5)","\"two or three bits of lasses fentit an' hed ta be bworn oot. It's weel it was nea warse, for it was parlish sweltry.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG176,AL176,#REF!,AQ176,AV176)","v":3}]
["parlish2","[pā·liʃ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"parlous, adj., adv.\")","(OED Online: \"parlous, adj. and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","French","Do Not Match","[1. Thou art in a parlous state, shepherd, SHAKS. As\n You, III. ii. 45. 2. O 'tis a parlous boy; Bold, quick,\n ingenious, forward, capable, SHAKS. Rich. III, III. i. 154.]","Variant of perilous adj. (see forms s.v.), with loss of the medial vowel. Anglo-Norman perillus, pereillous, perilious, perilius, perilleus, perillous, perilous and Old French perillus (Middle French, French périlleux ) dangerous (1155 in Old French, also as perillous , perilleus ), causing or spreading fear (beginning of the 13th cent. in Picardy as perillos ) < classical Latin perīculōsus periculous adj. Compare parlous adj.",null,"1. adj. ‘Perilous,’ dangerous; of the\n weather: doubtful, uncertain.","A. 2. a) Perilous, dangerous, precarious; desperate, hazardous, dire. (Now the usual sense.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","8)","\"Thus Hercules, that ballats say, made parlish monsters stoop\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB177,AG177,AL177,AQ177,AV177)","v":1}]
["peekle","[pī·kl]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"peekle, v.\")",null,"Yes","Yes","No","verb",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,"[No etymology provided by EDD or OED.\n\nPossibly a variant form of \"peek, v.\" with -le suffix (cf. OED Online, \"peek, v.\").","1. To pry into secret matters; to observe with care. Cf. peek.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","63)","\"T' neist mwornin', me fadder hed gitten up, an' was peeklen aboot to see what mischieves hed been deun o' t' Setterday,\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB178,AG178,AL178,AQ178,AV178)","v":1}]
["pensy","[pe·nsi]",null,null,"lME pense, lME pensie, lME 17– pensy, lME (18– Eng. regional (E. Anglian)) pensey; Sc. 17– pensy, 18 pencey, 18– pensie, 19– pincie (now rare).","(EDD Online: \"pensy, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"pensy, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"French","French","Match","[1. Fr. pensif, pensive, thoughtful (COTGR.).]","[A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pensif. < Anglo-Norman and Middle French pensif pensive adj. (in nominative singular frequently pensis ). Loss of the final consonant may have been a parallel development in French and in English]",null,"3. Delicate, fastidious; having a poor appetite.","3. a. Of a child: fretful, peevish. Sc. and Eng. regional (E. Anglian). Now rare.","EDD and OED Definition","No","OED","DIFFICULT ENTRY: GOOD EXAMPLE\n\nSeveral definitions listed in EDD. Gilpin (1866: 67) is cited as a usage example in Prevost's (1899: 241) entry for \"pensy\" with the meaning \"sickly; of weak appetite.\"\n\nOED indirectly cites Gilpin (1866: 67) as a usage example for sense 3. a. of \"pensy\". Interestingly, the citation is from the Scots magazine (1803). Bears a different sense to that of Prevost (1899: 241): similar to \"peevish, adj.\" = \"Irritable, querulous; childishly fretful; characterized by or exhibiting petty bad temper.\" (OED Online: \"peevish, adj. and adv. 5.a.).\n\nProblematic: two different definitions are provided by two different dictionaries, both using the same usage example. To add complexity, both defintions could be valid in Gilpin's (1866: 67) extract. The poem is about a returning traveller who visits his home town, reminisces about the past and passes judgements on the changes that have occured in his absence. Therefore, \"pensy, adj.\" could be describing the traveller's sorrow for impoverished, starving children or his anger at their unruliness.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","67)","\"Some pensy chiels, a new sprung race, wad next their welcome pay\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB179,AG179,AL179,AQ179,AV179)","v":1}]
["plaguy","[pleə·gi]",null,null,"15–16 plagie, 15–16 plaguie, 15–16 plagy, 15– plaguy, 16– plaguey","(EDD Online: \"plaguey, adj., adv.\")","(OED Online: \"plaguey, adj. and adv.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Derivation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by derivation < plague n., -y suffix1.]",null,"1. adj. Vexatious, annoying, troublesome."," 2. In weakened use: troublesome, annoying, vexatious, tiresome, disagreeable; (colloq., as an intensifier) confounded, cursed, damnable, excessive, inordinate.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","75)","\"But 'cause I'm rich, these plaguy men, hae a' run wud for me\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB180,AG180,AL180,AQ180,AV180)","v":1}]
["pot1","[pɐt]","pat",null,"Huge discussion:\n\nFor analysis of variant forms of \"put, v.\", cf. OED Online:\n\nhttp://www.oed.com.ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/view/Entry/155188?rskey=gsdf0f&result=4#eid27635463","(EDD Online: \"put, v.1 and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"put, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Variation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Probably partly the reflex of an unattested Old English weak verb of the second class, either *pūtian , a doublet form of pȳtan (compare below), or *putian , a doublet form of potian (see pote v.; apparently a cognate of pȳtan); and partly the reflex of Old English pȳtan, a weak verb of the first class. Further etymology unknown.]\n\nFor further etymological discussion cf. OED Online: \"put, v.\"",null,"2. Comb. with adv., prep., &c.:\n\n(16) Put on, (a) to clothe, dress; gen. in pp.;","II. trans. To bring (a person or thing) physically into or out of a particular place or position.\n\nA weakening of the sense ‘to thrust, push’ in sense I., the implication or expression of the application of force being absent or (esp. in senses 11a   and 11b, and when followed by into or in) substantially diminished.\n\n11. d. To place (a garment, piece of jewellery, etc.) on (also upon) a person, the body, etc. (formerly also occasionally to take †off a person). See also to put on 2a(a) at Phrasal verbs 1, to put off 3a at Phrasal verbs 1.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD headword only defined briefly through compound.\n\nOED definition for the phrasal verb \"to put on\" could also be applied here:\n\nto put on\n\n2. spec.\n\na.(a) trans. To place (an item of clothing, footwear, headgear, etc.) on a part of the body, so as to be wearing it; to don. Also fig. Cf. to put off 3a at Phrasal verbs 1.",1893,"(Farrall: ","10)","\"Jim pot on his gray tweed troosers\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB181,#REF!,AL181,AQ181,AV181)","v":2}]
["pot2","[pɐt]",null,null,"Huge discussion:\n\nFor analysis of variant forms of \"put, v.\", cf. OED Online:\n\nhttp://www.oed.com.ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/view/Entry/155188?rskey=gsdf0f&result=4#eid27635464","(EDD Online: \"put, v.1 and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"put, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Variation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Probably partly the reflex of an unattested Old English weak verb of the second class, either *pūtian , a doublet form of pȳtan (compare below), or *putian , a doublet form of potian (see pote v.; apparently a cognate of pȳtan); and partly the reflex of Old English pȳtan, a weak verb of the first class. Further etymology unknown.]\n\nFor further etymological discussion cf. OED Online: \"put, v.\"",null,"Unclear, see notes","II. trans. To bring (a person or thing) physically into or out of a particular place or position.\n\nA weakening of the sense ‘to thrust, push’ in sense I., the implication or expression of the application of force being absent or (esp. in senses 11a   and 11b, and when followed by into or in) substantially diminished.\n\n11. a. To move to or place in a particular situation or position (used with reference to the end result rather than the process of moving or placing); to cause (a person or thing) to get into or be in an expressed or implied place or position; to place, set.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define verb, but infers its meaning through presentation of usage examples.",1871,"(Richardson: ","21)","\"than we wreatt on a bit o' paper, 'at we wantit seeah menny week helliday, an' neah tasks, an' pot it through t' kaywholl.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(#REF!,AG182,AL182,AQ182,AV182)","v":1}]
["pot3","[pɐt]",null,null,"Huge discussion:\n\nFor analysis of variant forms of \"put, v.\", cf. OED Online:\n\nhttp://www.oed.com.ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/view/Entry/155188?rskey=gsdf0f&result=4#eid27635464","(EDD Online: \"put, v.1 and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"put, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Variation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Probably partly the reflex of an unattested Old English weak verb of the second class, either *pūtian , a doublet form of pȳtan (compare below), or *putian , a doublet form of potian (see pote v.; apparently a cognate of pȳtan); and partly the reflex of Old English pȳtan, a weak verb of the first class. Further etymology unknown.]\n\nFor further etymological discussion cf. OED Online: \"put, v.\"",null,"II. Dial. uses.\n\n2. Comb. with adv., prep., &c.\n\n(21) Put up, (a) to raise; to erect","Phrasal verbs\n\nPV1. With adverbs in specialized senses. \n\nto put up\n\n4. trans. To erect, set up (a building or other structure); to construct, build.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","20)","\"I set off I' gŭd fettle  for Kes'ick, gat theear I' gradely time, an' pot ūp at Mistress Boo's.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB183,AG183,AL183,AQ183,AV183)","v":1}]
["publish",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"publish, v.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"verb","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"French","No EDD Etymology",null,"Anglo-Norman poeplier, poplier, pubblier, publier, pubplier, puplier, pupplier and Middle French publier to make public, to make known, to make famous, to announce, to proclaim (late 12th cent. in Old French as puepleié (past participle); French publier; < classical Latin pūblicāre (in post-classical Latin also puplicare (from 8th cent.)): see below), with alteration of the ending after verbs in -ish suffix",null,null,"1. I trans.b.To announce or read (banns) in church before an intended marriage; (U.S. regional, chiefly north-east.) to announce publicly the name of (a person intending marriage). Formerly also intr. in the progressive with passive meaning.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","7)","\"The priest neest Sunday - if she will - may publish me and Sally\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1,"Yes","Yes"]
["pwoke","[pwōk]",null,null,"α. ME pook, ME–16 (17 Irish English (Wexford)) pooke, ME– poke, 15 poeck, 15–16 (18 Irish English (Wexford)) poake, 16 poak, 19– polk (U.S. regional); Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 17– poak, 17– poake, 18– pooak, 18– pook, 18– pwoak, 18– pwok, 18– pwoke","(EDD Online: \"poke, sb.1 and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"poke, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","French","Do Not Match","[1. They walwe as doon two pigges in a poke, Chaucer C. T. A. 4278. ON. poki, a bag (Vigfusson).]","[ Either < Anglo-Norman and Old French regional (Flanders, Picardy) poke, Old French regional (northern) poque , pouque (1275; Middle French, French regional (northern) pouque , French regional (Normandy) poucque , variants of Old French, Middle French, French poche : see pouch n.), or perhaps < its (unattested) etymon in Old Dutch (compare Middle Dutch pōke bag, measure of wool), cognate with Old Icelandic poki bag, Danish regional poge small bag, and probably Old English pohha , (Northumbrian) pocca bag (see pough n.), probably < the same Germanic base as pough n.; in Middle English probably reinforced by the early Scandinavian cognate of Old Icelandic poki . Compare post-classical Latin poca , poka , pocum , pokum bale, measure of wool (1265, 1417, 1503 in British sources), bag, pouch (c1300 in a British source). Compare pung n.1]",null,"1. sb. A bag, sack; a wallet; a pocket.","Now chiefly regional.\n\n1. a. A bag, now esp. a paper bag; a small sack; (Sc.) †a beggar's bundle (obs.). Also: a bagful. Now regional exc. in pig in a poke (see pig n.1 Phrases 4).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","3)","\"he wad gi' ma ūdder five shillin' if I wad bring his pwokes full of steàns doon to Skeàl-Hill\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["rake",null,null,null,"ME raicke, ME raike, ME raike, ME rayk, ME rayke, ME reyk, ME–15 reyke, ME–16 18– raik, lME roicond (present participle, probably transmission error), lME roikede (past tense, probably transmission error), lME rykande (present participle, probably transmission error), 17– rake (chiefly regional); Sc. pre-17 rayk, pre-17 reik, pre-17 17– raik, pre-17 17– rake, 18 raike","(EDD Online: \"rake, v.3 and sb.3\")","(OED Online: \"raik, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Early Scandinavian","Do Not Match","[1. Cp. ON. reika, to wander, take a walk (Vigfusson).]","[A borrowing from early Scandinavian.\n\n< early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic reika, Faroese reika, Norwegian reike, all in sense ‘to walk about, stroll, roam, wander’); further etymology uncertain. In Orkney and Shetland use probably partly via the unattested Norn reflex of the early Scandinavian word represented by the Scandinavian forms listed above.]","Almost identical, but OED engages with more languages than the EDD.\n\nConsiders all early Scandinavian languages instead of just Old Norse.","1. v. To range, stray; to wander, roam, ramble; to stroll about idly; to gad about; to stay out late at night.","In later use chiefly Sc. and Eng. regional (north midl. and north.).\n\n1. intr. To go, proceed, move forward; to walk, stroll, roam; to wander; to stray.\n\nc. Of a person.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","1)","\"We've summat else to deu here nor to gà rakin ower t'fells iv a fine day like this\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["rattling","[ra·tlin]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"rattling, ppl. adj. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"rattling, adj. and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Derivation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rattle v.1 + -ing suffix2.]",null,"1. ppl. adj. Lively, brisk, noisy; rollicking, wild.","A. adj.\n\n3. a. Rapid, brisk, vigorous. Also: remarkably good.\nFrequently with overtones of sense A. 1.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","25)","\"he was a young lish fellow than, an' cud keep up a rattlin' pace for menny a lang mile.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["rayder","[rē·ðə(r)]",null,null,"Eng. regional (north. and midl.) 18– raither, 18– rayder (Cumberland), 18– rayther, 18– rether (Northumberland), 19– raatheh, 19– raather, 19– raayther, 19– raedher","(EDD Online: \"rather, adv.\")","(OED Online: \"rather, adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Comparative of rathe adv. (see -er suffix3)]",null,"Unclear, see notes","II. In senses suggesting priority, preference, contrast, or degree.\n\n6. Used to modify a verb, adjective, adverb, etc., in degree. More (so) than not; more than anything else. Hence: in a certain degree or measure; to some extent; somewhat, slightly; (also) considerably, very much.\n\nb. With an adjective, adverb, or phrase.\n\n(b) With a predicative adjective.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD definition is as follows:\n\n1. In phr. (1) rather of or if oather, (2) rather of the ratherest, an almost imperceptible inclination in a certain direction, a very slight difference; on the whole, of the two; (3) rather of the wettest, very wet; (4) rather with a rather, a faint taste or smirch of anything.\n\n2. Lately; just now.\n\nNeither of which define the \"priority, preference, contrast or degree\" sense listed in the OED.",1869,"(Gibson: ","10)","\"When I gat theear, […] they yan snurti an' anudder gurn't, tillI gat rayder maddish\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","1)","\"Mary Jackson sent ther sarvant lad, Tommy Wilson (a chap 'at was oalas consider't rayder leet […])\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["reyce",null,null,null,"α. ME res- (in compounds, perhaps transmission error), ME ryess, ME ryss, ME rysz, ME ryze, ME ryzs, ME–15 rys, ME–15 rysse, ME–16 rise, ME–16 ryse, 15 rais, 15 riese, 15–16 rize; Sc. pre-17 ris, pre-17 rise, pre-17 ryes, pre-17 ryis, pre-17 ryise, pre-17 rys, pre-17 ryse, pre-17 ryss, pre-17 ryst.\n\nβ. ME–16 ryce, ME– rice; Sc. pre-17 riche, pre-17 ryce, pre-17 ryice, pre-17 17– rice.",null,"(OED Online: \"rice, n.2\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"noun","No EDD Entry","OED","No mention of the noun \"reyce\" (rice) in the EDD. OED states: \"in Western Europe [rice] was known only as a foreign plant or foodstuff or as an item of import, and was used in England in relatively exotic luxury cookery (or in medicinal uses) rather than as a staple foodstuff\" (OED Online: \"rice, n.\"), perhaps explaining its lack of apperance in the relatively poor, isolated county of Cumbria (Winchester: 1987: 2).",null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French ris (Middle French, French riz ) rice (c1270), the plant which produces rice (1298) and its probable etymon post-classical Latin risa, risi, risia, risium, risum, risus, rizi, rizum (frequently from 13th cent. in British and Italian sources; the French word is probably, in spite of the chronology, partly via Italian riso rice (beginning of the 14th cent. or earlier), the plant which produces rice (c1350)), probably < Byzantine Greek ὀρύζιον (10th cent. denoting a food stuff; also attested in medical writers; compare the modern Greek form ῥύζι ), a diminutive formation (in -ιον : compare -y suffix4) < Hellenistic Greek ὄρυζα < an Iranian word (compare Pashto vrižē (feminine plural) rice; compare also Sanskrit vrīhi rice, although its exact relationship to the Iranian word is unclear), perhaps ultimately < a Dravidian language.]","Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French ris; Latin risa.",null," 1. As a mass noun: the fruits or seeds of the grass Oryza sativa, forming one of the most important foodgrains of the world; (later also) (usually with distinguishing word) the grain provided by O. glaberrima, cultivated chiefly in Africa. Also (as a count noun): a type of such grain.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED","Ambiguity between definitions:\n\nForm of noun is similar to that of OED's \"rice, n.1\": \n\n2. collect.\n\na. Twigs, small branches, or brushwood, cut and used for various purposes.\n\nb. Chiefly Eng. regional and Welsh English. The stalks and leaves of peas, beans, or (in later use) potatoes; haulm. Originally also: †a bundle of pea stalks (obs.).\n\nHowever, neither of these products are used for human consumption; a. \"twigs\" are used for supporting plants and b. \"haulm\" is generally used for thatching or grazing. Gilpin's (1866: 51) usage example is clearly refering to food prepared for human consumption, therefore suggesting the applicaiton of the \"fruits or seeds of the grass Oryza sativa\" sense.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","51)","\"She aye puts barley in the broth, and hates the varra neame o' reyce\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1,"Yes","No"]
["rise","[raiz]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"rise, v.1,, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"rise, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Conversion","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by conversion.\n\n< rise v.\n\nInherited from Germanic. Cognate with Old Frisian rīsa to arise, emerge, to stem (from), to occur, to increase (West Frisian rize , riizje , riizgje ), Middle Dutch rīsen to arise, come into existence, to get up, to go up, to rise up, to arise (from bed or from the grave), also in transitive use (Dutch rijzen ), Old Saxon rīsan to rise up, get up (Middle Low German rīsen to rise up, get up, to occur, arise, to increase, to rebel, to fall), Old High German rīsan , rīsen to fall down, fall off (Middle High German rīsen to rise up, get up, to fall, fall down), Old Icelandic rísa to arise, stand up, to rise from bed, to rise from the dead, to leave (court) (also in rísa í mót , rísa gegn to rise against, rísa upp to arise, begin), Old Swedish risa to get up, stand up, to arise, to occur (also in risa upp to get up, to rise up, to revolt; Swedish risa ), and Gothic -reisan (only in urreisan to get up, rise), probably ultimately < an extended form of the Indo-European base of classical Latin orīrī (see orient n.). In some instances probably aphetic < arise v. or (especially in branch IV.) i-rise v.]",null,"16. A practical joke, hoax, a mischievous prank.","II. Senses relating to rising up or upward movement.\n\n10. b. orig. Sc. and regional. A joke; a trick played on someone. Chiefly and now only in to get, take, or †have a rise out of:  (a) to make (a person) the butt of a joke involving some form of pretence or dissimulation (now rare).  (b) to provoke an angry or irritated response from (a person), esp. by teasing.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1893,"(Farrall: ","5)","\"Sumtimes he tel't us aw his rises ower ov a neet, an' sum ov them war queer enéuf, Ah duah ashure yê.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["russel","[ru·sl]",null,null,"α. (OE wræstlian), ME wræstlen, wreastlen, wreastlin, wrestilen, wrestlen, wrestlyn, wrestelon, ME–15 wrestel, wrestil, ME wrestele, wrestell, wrestyll, ME– wrestle (15 wressell). β. ME wrastlen, wrastelen, wrastel(l)yn, wrastlyn, ME–15 wrastel, ME wrastele, wrastil, wrastill, wrastule, wrastyl, 15 wrastyll(e, wrastell, ME– (latterly Sc., Eng. dial., or U.S. dial.) wrastle (15 wrasle, 17– rassle, chiefly U.S. dial. rastle, wrassle, 18 dial. wrostle, wros(s)le); ME wrastli, wrastly, 18 s.w. dial. wrastly, wrassly. γ. ME wristele, wristle, wrystille, wrystel, 18 dial. wrustle, wrus(s)le, russel.","(EDD Online: \"russel, v.\", \"wrastle, v.1 and sb\" and \"warsle, v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"wrestle, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Old English","Match","[1. He coude... wel wrastle and shete, Chaucer C. T. A. 3928. OE. wrǣstlian.]","[Old English *wrǽstlian , frequentative of wrǽstan to wrest v., represented in the cognate languages by North Frisian wrassele , wrûstle , Middle Low German worstelen , wrostelen , Low German wrösseln , frösseln , Middle Dutch worstelen (also Dutch), werstelen , wrastelen . Compare warsle v., wraxle v.]",null,"2. To wrestle.","I.\n\n1.  a. intr. To strive with strength and skill to throw a person to the ground by grappling with him; to endeavour to overpower and lay down another, esp. in a contest governed by fixed rules, by embracing his body and limbs and tripping or overbalancing him. Also with †samen, †yfere, together.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED more detailed, but they're essentially the same.",1871,"(Richardson: ","47)","\"Theer was mebby laal else bit a belt to russel for, an' they aw try't their best to git it.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["sark","[sāk]",null,null,"OE serc, serce, syrce, ME syric, suric, ME serc, ME–15 (18 Sc. local) serk, (ME scherk), ME cerke, serke, ME–16 sarke, ME– sark.","(EDD Online: \"sark, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"sark, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"OE/ON","Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. OE. serce, syrce, ON. serkr, a shirt (Vigfusson).]","[Old English sęrc, masculine (also in extended form serce, weak feminine) = Old Norse serk-r (Swedish särk, Danish særk) < Germanic type *sarki-z. Affinities outside Germanic are doubtful: Old Church Slavonic sraka tunic does not correspond phonetically, but some scholars believe it to be adopted < Germanic.]",null,"1. A shirt; a chemise; occas. a nightdress. Also used attrib.","Sc. and north. (and occasionally arch.).\n \na. A garment worn next the skin; a shirt or chemise; occasionally a nightshirt; also transf. a surplice.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","47)","\"noo, yan 'ill be varra lucky if yan gits owder a cwoat or a sark to keep heall for three or fower week.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["sarra1","[sa·rə]",null,"sarrah","Sc. and dial.ME, 15, 17 ser, ME–15, 18 sar, ME, 17– sair; 18 sarrow, sarra (see Eng. Dial. Dict.)","(EDD Online: \"sarrow, v.\")","(OED Online: \"serve, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology","[The same word as lit. E. ‘serve.’]","[< Old French (and French) servir < Latin servīre to be a servant or slave, to serve, < servus slave, servant. ]","EDD etymology leads nowhere. Directs the reader to \"serve, v.1, sb.1\" for an etymology which isn't there.","5. To satisfy; to suffice.","IV. (Inversion of the construction in branch III. Cf. the converse development of sense in present v. 12, 13, 15.) To dish up (food); to deal out, present (a commodity). \n\n42. a. To set (meat or drink) on the table or before a person; to bring in or dish up (a meal). †Also const. to or into (the table). Also (is) serving = (is) being served.","EDD and OED Definition","No","OED","The EDD entry includes the broad definition of “to satisfy, to suffice,” but neglects the more specific OED categorisation of satisfying hunger, in the sense “to set out a meal.”",1866,"(Gilpin: ","55)","\"And uncle Megs has sent us beef will sarra us aw at dinner.\"","Poetry",1893,"(Farrall: ","2)","\"As seún as Ah'd gitten 't pigs sarrat, and t' men ther suppers […] Ah set off for Jackson's\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["sec1","[sek]","sek",null,"4. α. ME seche, 18 dial. and vulgar sech, setch.","(EDD Online: \"such, adj., pron. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"such, adj. and pron.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","unclear","pronoun",{"$f":"IF(AND(K194=\"\", L194=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Entry\",IF(K194=L194, \"Match\",IF(K194=\"\",\"No EDD Entry\", IF(L194=\"\",\"No OED Entry\",\"Do Not Match\"))))","v":"Do Not Match"},"OED","OED signals use of word; marks pronominal uses.\n\nEDD does not separate senses by word-class, leaving a confusing entry.",null,"Germanic",{"$f":"IF(AND(P194=\"\", H194=\"No\", I194=\"No\"), \"No EDD Entry\",IF(AND(P194=\"\", Q194=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Etymology\", IF(P194=Q194, \"Match\", IF(P194=\"\", \"No EDD Etymology\", IF(Q194=\"\", \"No OED Etymology\",\"Do Not Match\")))))","v":"No EDD Etymology"},null,"[Old English swelc , swilc , swylc , corresponding to Old Frisian sellich , -ik , selk , sek , sullik , sulch , sulk (modern Frisian suk , sok ), Old Saxon sulîk , (solîk ), Middle Low German sol(l)ik , sollek , solk (Low German sü(l)k , sö(l)k ), Middle Dutch sulc , selc , solc , swilc , swelc , also sulic , -ec (Dutch zulk , West Flemish also zuk ), Old High German sulîh , -ich , -ech , solîh , -ech , solch- , sol- (Middle High German solich , solch , solh , also sölch , sölh , sülich , sülc , sölk , selch , silch , modern German solch ), Old Norse slíkr (Middle Swedish sliker , Swedish slik , Danish slig ) whence slike adj., Gothic swaleiks < Germanic *swalîko- , *swilîko- , lit. so formed, < swa so adv. and conj. + *lîko- body, form (compare like adj.)]",null,"Unclear, see notes","IV. Absolute and pronominal uses.\n\n21. a. Such a thing; the thing mentioned or referred to.",{"$f":"IF(AND(V194=\"\", W194=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Definition\", IF(V194=\"\", \"OED Definition Only\", IF(W194=\"\", \"EDD Definition Only\", IF(AND(H194=\"Yes\",V194=\"Unclear, see notes\"), \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\", \"EDD and OED Definition\"))))","v":"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition"},"No","OED","EDD does not define this sense of \"such, pron.\". Instead the reader is expected to make inferences about its definition based on usage examples.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","210)","\"Hout stop! And let sec feckless preachments drop\"","Poetry",1871,"(Richardson: ","46)","\"Bit, what, theer neah sek fellows as Tim noo-a-days !\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","19)","\"Sartinly, he stuck till t' condishuns, but sec a trick dusn't say much for a man's 'onesty\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB194,AL194,#REF!,AQ194,AV194)","v":3}]
["sec2","[sek]","sek",null,"4. α. ME seche, 18 dial. and vulgar sech, setch.","(EDD Online: \"such, adj., pron. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"such, adj. and pron.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","unclear","pronoun","Do Not Match","OED","OED signals use of word; marks pronominal uses.\n\nEDD does not separate senses by word-class, leaving a confusing entry.",null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English swelc , swilc , swylc , corresponding to Old Frisian sellich , -ik , selk , sek , sullik , sulch , sulk (modern Frisian suk , sok ), Old Saxon sulîk , (solîk ), Middle Low German sol(l)ik , sollek , solk (Low German sü(l)k , sö(l)k ), Middle Dutch sulc , selc , solc , swilc , swelc , also sulic , -ec (Dutch zulk , West Flemish also zuk ), Old High German sulîh , -ich , -ech , solîh , -ech , solch- , sol- (Middle High German solich , solch , solh , also sölch , sölh , sülich , sülc , sölk , selch , silch , modern German solch ), Old Norse slíkr (Middle Swedish sliker , Swedish slik , Danish slig ) whence slike adj., Gothic swaleiks < Germanic *swalîko- , *swilîko- , lit. so formed, < swa so adv. and conj. + *lîko- body, form (compare like adj.)]",null,"Unclear, see notes","I.\n\n1. Of the character, degree, or extent described, referred to, or implied in what has been said.\n\na. with sing. n.\n\n(c) such a: see (a). (Cf. German solch ein.)","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define this sense of \"such, pron.\". Instead the reader is expected to make inferences about its definition based on usage examples.",1869,"(Gibson: ","5)","\"He tell't them to bring in some mair coffee, an' eggs, an' ham, an' twoastit breid an' stuff, an' I gat sec a breakfast as I never seed in my time\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB195,AG195,AL195,AQ195,AV195)","v":1}]
["sen","[sen]",null,null,"Also ME–15 (18) syn, 17–18 sin', 17 sun; ME sine, 15 syne; ME–15 synne, 15–16 sinne.","(EDD Online: \"sin, adv., prep. and conj.\")","(OED Online: \"sen, adv., prep., and conj.\")","Yes","No","Yes","conjunction","conjunction","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Old English","Match","[ME. sin, sen, contracted from older siþþen; OE. siþþan = sīþ þon (= þǣm), since, ago, afterwards.]","[Contracted form of Old English siþþon, siþþan, etc. (see above), for earlier *síð þon (þan) ‘subsequent to that’ (compare æfter þon, and German seitdem), with shortening of the first vowel. The Middle English siþen, sithen, however, may also represent Old Norse síðan (Danish siden), of the same\n\nHence:\n\nContracted form of sithen adv., conj., and prep.: compare sen n.1, syne adv. and conj., and since adv., prep., and conj. In later use frequently written sin', as if an abbreviation of since.]",null,"5. Because, seeing that.","C. conj.\n\n2. a. Seeing or considering that.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","210)","\"Let us – sen leyfe is but a span –\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["seugh","[sau]","sowe","sough","Northern English: α. 15 sewch, seuche, 15–16, 18 seuch, 17– seugh; β. 16 shouch, 17–18 shough, (18 shooch, shaugh, shuch, shugh, see Eng. Dial. Dict.), 18 sheuch, 17– sheugh.\n\nSouthern English: ME sogh, sohw, ME swowȝe, swoughe, ME– sough (15 soughe, Sc. souch), 16 sowgh, saugh, 18 dial. sugh; 17– suff, 18 surf, dial. souffe, soof.","(EDD Online: \"seugh, sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"sheugh, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Middle English","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[1. The length as from the horne unto the sough, Palladius Husb. (1420) I. 515.]","[Of obscure origin. Compare Antwerp dialect zoeg a small ditch in a meadow.]","Earliset known examples of seugh date to the ME period. Does not necessarily mean that \"seugh\" derives from ME.","1. sb. A ditch, drain, an open gutter; a trench, esp. one full of water.","Sc. and north.\n\n1. A furrow, trench, ditch, drain, etc.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Prevost (1899: 306) gives Gilpin (1866: 195) as a usage example for his entry for \"sowe\". The forms \"sowe\" and \"seugh\" are homonyms with the same meaning and were likely used by the author for artistic effect: a play on the idiomatic \"so-and-so?\"",1866,"(Gilpin: ","195)","\"Owre hill an' knowe, thro' seugh and sowe, come tiftin' monie a couple\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["sharp","[ʃāp]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online:  \"adj., adv., v. and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"sharp, adj. and n.1\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"adjective","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Common Germanic (wanting in Gothic): Old English scearp corresponds to Old Frisian skarp, skerp, Old Saxon skarp, Middle Low German, Middle Dutch scharp, scherp (modern Dutch scherp), Old High German scarpf, scarf (Middle High German scharpf, scharf, scherpfe, scherf(e, modern German scharf), Old Norse skarp-r (Swedish, Danish skarp) < Germanic *skarpo-.]",null,null,"A. adj.\n\n5. Severe, strict, harsh.\n\nd. to be sharp upon: to be hard or severe upon (now only, by way of censure or criticism).","OED Definition Only",null,"OED","EDD has an entry for \"sharp, adj.\", but the \"harsh, severe (of punishment)\" sense is not recognised.",1871,"(Richardson: ","20)","\"He was racken't a varra good maister, teù. Sartenly, he was parlish sharp on us at times.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1,"Yes","No"]
["shaver","[ʃē·və(r)]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"shaver, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"shaver, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< shave v. + -er suffix1.]",null,"3. An eccentric character; a queer, humorous fellow; a wag; a sly, cunning fellow.","3. a. = ‘Fellow’, ‘chap’; also, a humorous fellow, joker, wag. Now commonly of a youth, with the epithet young, little; the wider application seems to be now only dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","195)","\"monie an unco't shaver\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["skell","[skel]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"skell, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"skell, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Old Norse","Match","[And othir fysch to flet with fyne, Sum with skale and sum with skell, York Plays (c. 1400) 12. ON. skel, a shell (Vigfusson).]","[< Old Norse skel, = Old English scell shell n.]",null,"1. A shell.","north. dial. rare.\n\nA shell.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","18)","\"Here's five dozen of eggs […], I wadn't give a skell o' them mair nor ten for sixpence.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["slairy","[slē·ri]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"v. and sb.\")",null,"Yes","No","No","noun",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,null,"2. sb. A small portion of anything taken in a dirty way so as to bedaub one's clothes, &c.; esp. used of food.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","206)","\"Auld Deacon, wi' his puffs an' speyce was there; wi' him Dog Mary Wi' snaps an' gingerbread galwore, Tho' neyce fwok ca'd them slairy\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["slake","[slēk]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"slake, v.1 and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"sslake, n.5\" and \"slake, v.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Old Norse","Match","[1. Cp. ON. sleikja, to lick (Vigfusson).]","[< Old Norse (Icelandic and Norwegian) sleikja (Middle Swedish slekia) to lick.]",null,"12. A daub, smear, dirty mark; a gentle wipe or brush over; a careless wash or scrub; the act of bedaubing or smearing.","Sc. and north. dial.\n \nA splashy daub; a smear; a lick, wipe, soft stroke, etc.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","In Gibson's (1869: 18) usage example, \"slake, n.\" refers to the butter. Read as \"every scrape, every drop\"",1869,"(Gibson: ","18)","\"Here's six and twenty pūnd o' butter […]. If thoo was gud for owte thoo wad git a shilling a pūnd for't, ivery slake.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["slocken","[slo·kən]",null,null,"ME–18 sloken, ME–15 slokyn, ME–15 (18) slokin (15 slokyne); ME, 15 slokkin, ME (18) slokken, 15 slo(c)kne, 15– slocken (18 slockan, slockin)","(EDD Online: \"slocken, v.\")","(OED Online: \"slocken, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Old Norse","Match","[1. Sloknyn, idem quod sleknyn, extinguo (Prompt.). ON. slokna, to be extinguished (Vigfusson).]","[< Old Norse slokna (Norwegian slokna , slokkna , Swedish slockna , older Danish slogne , slugne ), < slokinn , past participle of sløkkva]",null,"1. To slake; to cool with water; to drench, quench, extinguish. Cf. slock, v.1","3. b. To slake the thirst of (a person, etc.).","EDD and OED Definition","No","OED","OED is more specific in its definition, including a sense which specifically relates to quenching thirst. \n\nEDD definition marks \"thirst quenching\" sense with usage examples, lumping the \"quenching objects (ablaze)\" sense and \"quenching thirst\" sense under the same definition.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","194)","\"Some at the Abbey owre a quart, theirsells to slocken 'greed\"","Poetry"]
["slwote",null,null,"sloat",null,"(EDD Online: \"v. and sb.1\")",null,"Yes","Yes","No","noun",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,null,"2. sb. A draught; a drink.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD","Gilpin (1866: 195) used as a usage example in EDD entry (EDD Online: \"sloat, v. and sb.1\")",1866,"(Gilpin: ","195)","\"Then down to th' Cwoate for t'other slwote\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB204,AG204,AL204,AQ204,AV204)","v":1}]
["smatter","[sma·tə(r)]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"smatter, v. and sb.1\")",null,"Yes","No","No","verb",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,null,"1. v. To break in small pieces; to smash.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD",null,1893,"(Farrall: ","9)","\"Well, they hung them up be t'waw side, an' smatter't away at them until they war gaily well riddel't\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["snape","[snēp]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"snape, v. and sb.3\")","(OED Online: \"snape, n.1\" and \"snape, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Old Norse","Match","[1. Þe snawe snitered ful snart, þat snayped þe wylde, Gawayne (c. 1360) 2003. ON. sneypa, to disgrace (Vigfusson).]","[OED etymology referenced from \"snape, v.\"\n\n< Old Norse sneypa to outrage, dishonour, disgrace (Icelandic sneypa to chide, snub, Norwegian snøypa to withdraw, draw in, pinch, etc., Middle Swedish and Swedish snöpa to castrate).]","OED etymology considers more languages than EDD.","9. sb. A check; a snub, rebuke.","2. a. To rebuke or snub (a person, etc.) sharply or severely; to check, restrain, or curb (a child); to call off (a dog). Now dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","10)","\"I wasn't sworry to see him git a lāl snape, he's sae rūddy wid his snapes his-sel.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["soace","[sǫәs]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"sauce, sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"sauce, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"French","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< French sauce (in Old French also sausse ) = Provençal salsa , Spanish salsa , Portuguese salsa , Italian salsa < popular Latin salsa , feminine of salsus salted: see salt adj.1 The etymological sense is thus identical with that of salad n.]",null,"4. Fig.\n\nImpertinence, impudence; saucy, insolent language. In gen. colloq. use.","6.  [? Evolved < saucy adj.1]\n\nb. Sauciness, impertinence. colloq. and dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","12)","\"he said […] 'at I was a natural cur'osity. I dudn't ken weel what this meen't, but I thowte it was soace\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["spinnle","[spi·nl]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"sb., adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"spindle, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Old English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English spinel (feminine), = Old High German spinela , -ala (Middle High German spinele , -el , spinle ) and spinnila , -ela , -ala (Middle High German spinnile , -ele , -el ), < the stem of spinnan spin v.]",null,"1. sb. Of yarn: see below.","I. 1. a. A simple instrument employed in spinning by hand, consisting of a slender rounded rod (usually of wood), tapering towards each end, which is made to revolve and twist into thread the fibres drawn out from a bunch of wool, flax, or other material.","EDD and OED Definition","No","OED","EDD makes use of usage examples to define headword. No objetive classification of the noun \"spinnle\" is provided.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","17)","\"snap went the thread and down the spinnle flew.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["sprafflin(g)","[spra·fl] + [in]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"v. and sb.\")",null,"Yes","Yes","No","adjective",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,null,"1. v. To saunter along; to stroll about. \n\nHence Sprafflin', ppl. adj. weak, undecided; used as a term of contempt. Also used subst.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD",null,1893,"(Farrall: ","16)","\"Contradict meh ageán, if thoo dār, thoo useless sprafflin'!\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["squab","[skwob] or [swob]","swab",null,"Also 16, 18 dial., squob, 17 squobb, squabb.","(EDD Online: \"squab, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"squab, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Of uncertain origin: compare quab n.2 and Swedish dialect sqvabb loose fat flesh, sqvabba a fat woman, sqvabbig flabby, Norwegian dialect skvabb a soft wet mass.]",null,"1. A wooden settle, gen. with a cushioned seat; a rude, old-fashioned sofa; also in comp. Squab-sofa.","4. A sofa, ottoman, or couch.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD definition more refined and specific than OED.\n\nRefers to a specific type of sofa, not just as sofa in general.",1893,"(Farrall: ","8)","\" Bob laid on t'swab aw neet.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["stackery","[sta·kə(r)] + [i]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"stacker, v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"stacker, v.\" and \"stacker, n.\")","Yes","Yes","No","adjective",null,"No OED Entry","EDD","OED does not recognise \"stacker, adj.\"","Old Norse","Old Norse","Match","[1. She rist up, and stakereth heer and there, Chaucer Leg. G. W. 2687. ON. stakra, to stagger (Vigfusson).]","[< Old Norse stakra to stagger; frequentative of staka to push, to stagger. The Scots form stacher /ˈstaxər/ is difficult to account for. stagger v. is an altered form of stacker.]","EDD bases etymology for adjective on \"stacker, v.\", so OED etymology for \"stacker, v.\" has been used here for comparative purposes.","1. v. To stagger, stumble, totter; fig. to bewilder, perplex.\n\nHence Stackery, adj. staggering, unsteady.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD","EDD: Stackery, adj. = drunk.\n\nOED doesn't recognise \"stackery, adj.\"",1869,"(Gibson: ","10)","\"no' but yance iv a way 'at fadder cu's heàm leàt\n an' stackery\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["steàn","[stiən]",null,null,"OE–ME (ME Sc. and north.) stan, ME stæn, ME ston, ME sten, ME–15 stoon (ME–15 stoone), ME–18 (Sc. and north.) stane, ME Sc. stayne, ( stein), ME–16 stonne, 15 stoan(e, steane, 15–16 Sc. stain(e, 16 Sc., 17–18 dial. Stean","(EDD Online: \"stone, sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"stone, n.\"","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Common Germanic: Old English stán strong masculine corresponds to Old Frisian stên, (West Frisian stên, stien, North Frisian stîn, stîæn), Old Saxon stên (Low German, Dutch steen), Old High German (Middle High German, modern German) stein, Old Norse stein-n (Swedish, Danish sten), Gothic stain-s < Germanic *staino-z, cognate with Old Church Slavonic stêna (Russian stena) wall, and Greek στία, στῖον pebble",null,"Unclear, see notes","1. a. A piece of rock or hard mineral substance (other than metal) of a small or moderate size.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define the \"piece of rock\" sense of \"stone, n.\"",1869,"(Gibson: ","5)","\"he teel't ma to put t' ledder bags wid t' steàns in them on beside t' driver's feet\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["steel",null,null,"steyle, steyre",null,"(EDD Online: \"steel, sb.2\")",null,"Yes","No","No","noun",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,"Middle English",null,"No OED Etymology","[Cp. Steyle or steyre, gradus (Prompt.).]",null,null,"A ridge; a point or tongue of land; a precipice; a rock.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD","Possible misrepresentation of the noun \"stile\" (gate over a fence allowing humans to cross, but not animals). No direct equivalent OED entry exists for this sense of steel. The nearest senses are senses 2. c. and 2. e. of \"stair, n.\", with the respective meanings of \"Applied to a step cut in rock, to one of the successive levels in the ascent of a pyramid, etc.\" and \"A high position. Obs.\"",1866,"(Gilpin: ","21)","\"Sin lall wee things we claver'd owre yon steel\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","15)","\"we gat till t' feùt of oor girt meedow, whoar t' steans was liggen, aside o' t' steel\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["stenty","[stent] + [i]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"stent, v.1 and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"stinty, adj.\", \"stint, n.1\" and \"stint, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"Middle English","English by Compounding","Do Not Match","[2. He can nat stente For to beginne a newe werre agayn, Chaucer C. T. B. 3925. 9. Erythius... Had euen nowe attaynde his iourneyes stent, Sackville Induction, st. 6.]","[ < stint n.1 + -y suffix1.\n\n\"stint n.1\" < \"stint, v.\":\n\nOld English styntan to blunt, dull; the simple verb occurs only once (in Corpus Gloss., rendering Latin hebetare ), but compare the compounds ástyntan , to blunt, dull, to check, stop (Middle English astint v.), ætstyntan to blunt (teeth), make ineffective (Middle English atstunt v.), forstyntan to blunt. The Old English verb corresponds formally to Old Scandinavian *stynta (Middle Swedish stynta , Old Icelandic stytta ) to shorten < Germanic type *stuntjan , < *stunto- adjective (Old English stunt stupid, foolish, Middle High German stunz stumpy, Middle Swedish stunt-er , Old Icelandic stutt-r short, scanty: compare stunt adj., stunt v.1). It is uncertain whether the Middle English and modern English senses of the verb are developed from unrecorded senses in Old English, or are due to Scandinavian influence.]\n\n",null,"1. v. To stint; to deny oneself; to put one on rations. Cf. stint, v.\n\nHence\n\n(2) Stenty, adj. stinting, grudging.","rare.\n \nStinted, meagre, niggardly.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","212)","\"We freely\n spak' whate'er we thowte Without being stenty\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["swol",null,null,null,"OED variant spellings do not seem to relate to \"swol, n.\" Consult the following:\n\nME– sole, ME sool, ME–15 soole (15 solle), 15–16 Sc. soille, soile; ME soul, 15 sowle, 15–16 soule; 15–16 soale, 16–17, 18 dial. soal.",null,"(OED Online: \"sole, n.1\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"noun","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< Old French sole (modern French sole in special senses), = Provençal sola , Portuguese sola , Spanish suela (compare Italian soletta ) < pop. and medieval Latin sola , for Latin solea (whence Old French suele , seule , etc.) sandal, shoe. The leading variations of sense appear in Old French, and sole n.2 is properly the same word.]",null,null,"I.\n\n2. a. The bottom of a boot, shoe, etc.; that part of it upon which the wearer treads (frequently exclusive of the heel); one or other of the pieces of leather or other material of which this is composed (cf. insole n.   and outsole n.). Also, a separate properly-shaped piece of felt or other material placed in the bottom of a boot, shoe, etc.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED","EDD does not recognise the \"bottom of a boot\" sense of the noun \"swol\" (sole).\n\nEntry for \"sole, sb.1\" does refer to the underside of other items. Likely \"underside of a boot\" sense was considered too \"standard\" to be included.\n\nNeither Prevost' Glossary (1899) nor Prevost's Supplement (1905) recognise the use of \"swol\" in Cumbrian.",1893,"(Farrall: ","19)","\"Theear was a seál ō' sum burk an' eller wood, for clog swols, up in t' Banks\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1,"Yes","No"]
["tally","[ta·li]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"tally, sb., v. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"tally, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Anglo-Norman","No EDD Etymology",null,"In 15th cent. talye = Anglo-Norman (14th cent.) tallie = Anglo-Latin tālea , tālia , tallia , in same sense, Latin tālea , cutting, rod, stick. The doublet taille , taile , tail n.2, < French taille, was in earlier use, and did not become obsolete till 17th cent.",null,"16. To match, correspond.","II. 4. trans. fig. To cause (things) to correspond or agree; to ‘match’; pa. pple. matched, suited, adapted. Obs","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","7)","\"Now, sud we not a bargain strike? - I's seer our tempers tally\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["tell",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"tell, v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"tell, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian tella to count, declare (Frisian telle ), Old Dutch tellen to say, speak, declare, count (Middle Dutch tellen to count, to reckon, consider, relate, say, Dutch tellen to relate, speak, say, reckon, consider, count), Old Saxon tellian to say, relate, reckon, consider, count (Middle Low German tellen to count, count out, pay, reckon), Old High German zellen to reckon, relate, count (Middle High German zeln , zelen , zellen to count, reckon, consider, explain, German zählen to reckon, count), Old Icelandic telja to relate, say, speak, count, Old Swedish tälia to count, reckon, consider, take into account, relate, say, speak (Swedish tälja ), Old Danish tælie , tælle to count, pay, say, relate, declare (Danish tælle to count, number, reckon) < the same Germanic base as tale n. and tale v.]",null,"3. To count; to reckon up. Also with on and over."," II. To mention numerically, to count, reckon.18. †c. intr. To be counted. Also: to amount to (see also to tell up at Phrasal verbs 1). Obs.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","55)","\"Our butter tells to fourteen pun'\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["temper",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"temper, n.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"noun","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology",null,"Old English temprian (so also in Old Saxon temperon ), < Latin temperāre to divide or proportion duly, to mingle in due proportion, to combine properly; to qualify, temper; to arrange or keep in due measure or proportion, to keep within limits, to regulate, rule.",null,null,"II. 4. b) Of things immaterial: Character, quality.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","7)","\"Now, sud we not a bargain strike? - I's seer our tempers tally\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1,"No, but has 3 dating to the 17th century.","No"]
["theer1","[ði·ə(r)]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"there, adv.\")","(OED Online: \"there, adv. (adj. and n.)\")","Yes","No","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Old English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English þǽr , þár , þér , cognate with Old Saxon thâr , Old Frisian thêr ,29 dêr , Middle Low German dār , Middle Dutch daer , Dutch daar , Old High German dâr (Middle High German dâr , dâ , German da ); compare also Gothic þar , Old Norse þar (Swedish, Danish der )]",null,null,"I. 1. b) there (in emphatic use) may be defined by a relative clause, following or preceding, introduced by where (†there) or an equivalent.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","6)","\"Yet theer's not yen that can compare wi' bonny smirkin' Sally\"","Poetry",1871,"(Richardson: ","61)","\"Theer war two o' t' younger end o' thur lads 'at war twins\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","5)","\"Theear nivver was a fellah keener o' devarshun nor ooar Bob.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},3]
["theer2","[ðiə(r)]",null,null,"δ. OE–ME þér, ME þer, þere (ME tere), ME þeer, theer, ME–15 ther, ME– there.\n\nε. (variants of δ þer, there) ME þeor, ME þear, þiar, ME–16 their, 15 thear, 15– dial. theare.","(EDD Online: \"there, adv.\")","(OED Online: \"there, adv. (adj. and n.)\")","Yes","No","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English þǽr , þár , þér , cognate with Old Saxon thâr , Old Frisian thêr ,29 dêr , Middle Low German dār , Middle Dutch daer , Dutch daar , Old High German dâr (Middle High German dâr , dâ , German da ); compare also Gothic þar , Old Norse þar (Swedish, Danish der ); all derivatives of the demonstrative stem þa- , pre-Germanic to- (that pron.1, adj., and adv., the adj., pron.2, and n.1). The adverbial suffix -r appears also in Old English hwǽr , hwér , hwar , where adv. and conj.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","Signification.\n\nI. As a demonstrative adverb.\n\n* Expressing locality or position.\n\n1. a. In or at that place; in the place (country, region, etc.) pointed to, indicated, or referred to, and away from the speaker; the opposite of here.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"expressing locality\" sense of \"there, adv.\"",1869,"(Gibson: ","12)","\"divv't sit theear twiddlin yer silly oald thooms\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","5)","\"[his] mind was seldom theer when t' hay was i' dry cock, or t' cworn ruddy for hoosin'.","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["thoo",null,"tou","ta, te, thaaw, thaw(w), thou, tou","Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 17–18 thau (north.), 17– tha (chiefly north.), 17– theaw (Lancs. and Cheshire), 18 th' (Lancs.), 18 thaw (Yorks.), 18 theow (Somerset), 18 thow (Lancs.), 18– tha' (Yorks.), 18– thaa (north.), 18– thaaw (Cumberland), 18– thae (Lancs.), 18– thah, 18– thai (Cheshire), 18– thaww (Cumberland), 18– theau (Lancs.), 18– they (Cheshire), 18– tho (chiefly Lancs.), 18– thoo (north.), 18– thu, 19– thea (Lancs.); Sc. pre-17 thoue, pre-17 thous, pre-17 thov, pre-17 thowe, pre-17 17 19– thow, pre-17 17– thou, pre-17 18– thu, 18– thoo (chiefly Orkney).","(EDD Online: \"thou, pers. pron. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"thou, pron. and n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","pronoun","pronoun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with (in many cases with variable, often uncertain, vowel quantity) Old Frisian thū, dū, (enclitic) -tū (West Frisian do, dū), Old Dutch thu, tu, (enclitic) -tu (Middle Dutch du, tu, (enclitic) -tu, early modern Dutch du), Old Saxon thū, tu (Middle Low German dū), Old High German dū, du, thū, thu, tu (Middle High German dū, du, German du), Old Icelandic þú, (enclitic) -ðu, -du, -tu, Norn (Shetland) du, Old Swedish þū (Swedish du), Old Danish thu (Danish du, (enclitic) -tu, -u), Gothic þu < the same Indo-European base as (with various differences of vowel quantity) classical Latin tū, Irish tu, Welsh ti, ancient Greek σύ, ancient Greek (Doric) τύ, Lithuanian tu, Old Church Slavonic ty, also (showing an extended form) Sanskrit twa-m]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. pron. The subjective case of the second person singular pronoun. \n\n1. As subject or subject complement.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD definition does not explicitly state the pronoun is used in the second person singular, but rather implies it through reference to usage examples. Only marked as \"pers. pron.\" (EDD Online: \"thou, pers. pron., v.\")",1866,"(Gilpin: ","50)","\"Tou says what's wrang, says I, its reyce\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","3)","\"Thinks I to me-sel, thou's a jolly jackass\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","11)","\"Thoo may gā till t' circus, if thoo likes.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB221,AL221,#REF!,AQ221,AV221)","v":3}]
["threap","[þrip]","threep","threap",null,"(EDD Online: \"v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"threap, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Old English","Match","[5. Thei thaste hym full thraly, þan was þer no threpyng, York Plays (c. 1400) 430. 8. OE. þrēapian, to reprove, correct (Hall).]","[Old English þréapian to rebuke, reprehend: of uncertain history.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","5. to threap down: to put down or silence by vehement or pertinacious assertion; also, with double object (n. and clause), to threap (a person) down (that…): to try to force a statement upon (a person) by strength of assertion or insistent reiteration.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD Entry only defines noun indirectly using usage examples.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","51)","\"But tou mun ayways threep yen down, – I've drawn the deevil of a lot!\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB222,AG222,AL222,AQ222,AV222)","v":1}]
["throp","[þrop]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"throp, sb.\")",null,"Yes","Yes","No","noun",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,null,"In phr. as busy or as throng as Throp's wife, used of a very busy person; esp. one busied over trifles.\n\nListed alongside two usage examples explaining the reference:\n\n\"Nhb.1 As thrang as Throp's wife when she hanged hersel wi' the dish-cloot, Old saying.\" \n\n\"Dur.1, Lakel.1 Cum.1; Cum.4 The personification of industry and business. Whoever she may have been, she is reported to have hung herself in her dish-clout, care and anxiety having preyed too much on her mind.\" (EDD Online: \"throp, sb.\")\n Kirkby Granite Chips (1900)",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","194)","\"Now th' auld guid fwoks that staid at heame, as thropweyfe they were thrang\"","Poetry"]
["thropple","[þro·pl]",null,null,"α. lME thropul, lME þropul, 15 throppil, 15–16 thropell, 15–17 throple, 15 19 throppel, 15–19 thropple, 16 throppell, 18 throppal; also Sc. pre-17 thropill, pre-17 throppil, pre-17 thropyll, pre-17 19 throppill, 19 throapple.","(EDD Online: \"thropple, sb. and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"thrapple, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[1. Throppil, iugulum, Levins Manip. (1570). Cp. OE. þrot-bolla, gullet, windpipe. 4. Thropple, iugulare, Levins Manip.]","[Origin uncertain, perhaps a contraction of throat-boll n.]","Both EDD and OED recognise \"thropple, n.\"'s relationship with \"throll-boll, n.\"\n\nHowever, OED (rather tentatively) marks the nouns etymology as \"uncertain\" rather than taking the possible etymology of \"contraction of throat-boll\" as gospel (as the EDD does).","1. sb. The windpipe; the throat; the neck.","Now chiefly Sc., Irish English (north.), and Eng. regional (north.).\n\nThe throat; the windpipe, the gullet.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","200)","\"An' some there were could hardly speak, their thropples were sae pang'd\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB224,AG224,AL224,AQ224,AV224)","v":1}]
["thruff","[trof]",null,null,"Eng. regional (north.) 18 throw, 18– thruff, 19 thruf;","(EDD Online: \"through, sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"through, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Germanic","Do Not Match","[Thurwhe stone, of a grave (thwrwe ston of a byryinge, K.), sarcofagus (Prompt.). OE. þrūh, a coffin.]","[Cognate with Old Icelandic þró trough (especially a trough of hollowed wood or stone), watering-trough, (also) chest, coffin (in compound steinþró; Icelandic þró cistern, sump, (formerly also) grave vault), Norwegian tro trough, wooden water conduit, and probably also with Old Saxon -thrūh (in halsthrūh shackle (for the neck of a prisoner; also as halsdrog); Middle Low German drū trap (for animals)), Old High German drūh, druoh chain, fetter, trap (Middle High German drūch, drūhe, drū; early modern German drauch, drauche trap, German regional (Rhineland) Drau); further etymology uncertain and disputed.]","OED considers far more of \"through, n.\"'s etymology than EDD.","A flat tombstone; gen. in comp. Through-stone.","3. A large slab of stone laid over a tomb or grave; a horizontal gravestone; (also) a funeral monument consisting of a horizontal slab supported on columns; a table tomb; = through-stone n.1","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Both OED and EDD list Gilpin (1866: 194) as a usage example for their definitions",1866,"(Gilpin: ","194)","\"Then girt Joe Bruff gat on a thruff\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB225,AG225,AL225,AQ225,AV225)","v":1}]
["tocher","[to·χər]",null,"tokker","ME–15 toquhir, toquhyr, 15 toquher, toquheir, touchquhare, touchar, toucher, towcher, ( towher), tochar, 15–16 tochir, 16 tochare, tougher, 16–18 dial. towgher (18 togher), 15– tocher.","(EDD Online: \"tocher, sb.1 and v.\")","(OED Online: \"tocher, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Gaelic","Gaelic","Match","[Gael. tochar, tochradh, Ir. tochar, dowry (Macbain).]","[< Irish and Old Gaelic tochar (modern Gaelic tochradh) assigned portion, dowry, in Old Irish assignment, < tochuirim I put to, I assign, < cuirim I put]","OED specifies the branches of Gaelic from which the headword stems, but seeing as how they are all cognates with each other, they have been lumped together under \"Gaelic\" here.","1. sb. The dowry a woman brings her husband at marriage.","Sc. and north. dial.\n\nThe marriage portion which a wife brings to her husband; dowry, dot.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","199)","\"With pewter dibbler on her lap, on which her tocher's getherin'\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB226,AG226,AL226,AQ226,AV226)","v":1}]
["toitel",{"$nulls":6},"No",null,"No",null,null,"No EDD or OED Entry","Neither","verb",null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,"No EDD or OED entry. Etymology unknown",null,null,"No EDD or OED Definition",null,"Neither","No EDD or OED defintion.\n\nSuggested defintion:\n\nTo topple, to fall.",1869,"(Gibson: ","4)","\"T' oald maizlin was like to toytle of his steul wid laughin'\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","3)","\"A greet bob on t' top or t' boddem, whedder ivver 't was, wadn't let it stand – it just toitel't ower, an' let aw t' things oot on till t' flooar.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG227,#REF!,AL227,AQ227,AV227)","v":2}]
["twin(e)","[twain]",null,null,"ME–16 twyne, ME (18 dial.) tweyne, ME twyn, 15 Sc. tuyn, 15– twine. pa. tense and pple. twined; also pa. tense15 Sc. twane; pa. pple.ME twynnen, 15 twon, 16 twone.","(EDD Online: \"twine, sb.1 and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"twine, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Middle English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Middle English twīnen , = West Frisian twine , twynje , Dutch twijnen (in Kilian also tweynen ), related to twine n.1 Compare Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish tvinna, Danish tvinde (North Frisian twinne, etc.), and Dutch tweernen, Middle Low German twernen, Middle High German and German zwirnen (Old High German zwirnên), to twist (thread).]",null,"8. To turn; to twist, esp. to twist the strands in making straw-rope, &c.; to wriggle.","I. trans.\n\n4. a. To turn (something) about, away, round, etc.; to twist or wring. Now dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1893,"(Farrall: ","8)","\"Bob gat furst up yá tree […] an' fand burd plenty. He twin't ther necks roond, an' threw them doon.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB228,AG228,AL228,AQ228,AV228)","v":1}]
["varra","[va·ri]",null,null,"β. ME verra, 15 Sc. vera, werra; 17–18 Sc. vera, 18 Sc. and north. verra; 15–16 (18 north.) vara, 18 Sc. varra. γ. ME verre (ME vere), ME–15 werre (15 were).","(EDD Online: \"very, adv. and adj.\")","(OED Online: \"very, adj., adv., and n.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A","EDD lists \"very\" as both an adverb and an adjective, but neither are particularly well-defined.",null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< Anglo-Norman verrai, verrey, verai, veray, Old French verai, varai, vrai (modern French vrai, Provençal verai), < the stem of Latin vērus true.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","B. adv.\n\n2. In a high degree or measure; to a great extent; exceedingly, extremely, greatly.\n\nb. Qualifying another adverb.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD provides the following two defintions:\n\n1. adv. In phr. (1) for the very most, mostly; (2) very like, very likely; probably, perhaps; (3) very likelins, very likely; (4) very most, generally; (5) very not well, very unwell; (6)\n very weel, very much.\n\n2. adj. Used as an intensitive with nouns of quantity; see below.\n\nNeither of which are particularly satisfactory for the \"In high degree or measure\" sense illustrated by the usage example in Farrall (1893: 4).",1869,"(Gibson: ","9)","\"Mudder was sittin' knittin' varra fast\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","20)","\"He was racken't a varra good maister, teù.\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","4)","\"Ah meád them aw laff till they varra nār crak't ther side, be telling' t' stwoary aboot Mary's Tea Cosy\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG229,AL229,#REF!,AQ229,AV229)","v":3}]
["ware","[weə(r)]",null,null,"ME warre, werre (?), Sc. var(e, ME–15 Sc. war, wayr, (15 pa. tense Sc. ward), 17–18 wear, 18 waur, ME– Sc. wair, ME– ware","(EDD Online: \"ware, sb.1 and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"ware, v.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Middle English","Old Norse","Do Not Match","[9. Summe sey that ȝe... wyll no thyng ware up on hym, Paston Letters (1463) II. 139.]","[< Old Norse verja, past tense varðe , past participle varið-r , ‘to invest (money), lay out’, a transferred use of the primary sense ‘to clothe’: compare the corresponding Old English węrian to clothe, to wear: see wear v.1]",null,"9. v. To spend, lay out; to bestow upon; to squander, spend in vain; also used fig.","Now Sc. and dial.\n \na. trans. To spend, lay out (money, goods). Const. in, on, upon, †of.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD metions \"spend in vain\" sense of \"ware, v.\", which is most applicable to usage example cited from Gibson (1869: 17)",1869,"(Gibson: ","17)","\"Nūt like t' meàst o' fellows' wives 'at thinks there's nèa hūrt I' warin' t' odd brass iv […] gūd stūff for t' barnes\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB230,AG230,AL230,AQ230,AV230)","v":1}]
["warse","[wās]",null,null,"β. OE wersa (rare), lOE wærsa, eME uuerse, eME– wærse, eME weorse (Oxon.), eME werrse ( Ormulum), ME vers, ME weers, ME weerse, ME werce, ME werchs (transmission error), ME wershe, ME wersse, ME wersshe (south.), ME wras, ME wres, ME–15 wars, ME–15 warse, ME–15 wers, ME–15 werse, 15 warsse; Eng. regional 18 wahce (Yorks.), 18 warse (north.); Sc. pre-17 varse, pre-17 wars, pre-17 warss, pre-17 wers, pre-17 werse, pre-17 17– warse.","(EDD Online: \"worse, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"worse, adj. and n.\"","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian werra , wirra , Old Saxon wirso , Old High German wirsiro , wirsero (Middle High German wirser , German (regional) wirser , wurser , wieser , wischa ), Old Icelandic verri , Old Swedish (Swedish) värre , Old Danish wærræ (Danish værre ), Gothic wairsiza < a suffixed form (comparative: see -er suffix3 1) of the same Germanic base as worse adv.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. adj. The comparative of bad adj., evil adj., and ill adj.; used as the opposite of better adj.\n \n1. More reprehensible morally, more wicked; less virtuous; having a more evil disposition; more cruel or unkind. Also with an agent noun, indicating that the activity is pursued in a more reprehensible way, as worse liver.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"worse, adj.\"",1871,"(Richardson: ","61)","\"He use to give us menny a good hidin' when he was at heamm ; bit I think indeed it dud mair hurt than good, for it meadd us warse i'steed o' better.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["wesh1","[weʃ]",null,null,"ME–16 weshe, 18 dial. wesh","(EDD Online: \"wash, v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"wash, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English wæscan , wascan , also by metathesis waxan , past tense plural wóxon , wéocson , past participle -wæscen , corresponds to Old Frisian *waska (East and North Frisian waske , West Frisian waskje ), Old Saxon, Old Low Frankish wascan (Dutch wasschen , past tense wiesch , past participle gewasschen ), Old High German wascan , past tense wuosc , past participle giwascan (Middle High German waschen , weschen , modern German waschen , past tense wusch , past participle gewaschen ), Old Norse (rare) vaska , conjugated weak (Swedish vaska , Danish vaske ) < Old Germanic *waskan < *watskan < root *wat- as in water n.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","I. 1. a. trans. To cleanse, remove the dirt from (something) by affusion of or immersion in water.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD Definition: \"1: Preterite\"\n\nEDD Entry only defines verb indirectly using usage examples. \"Popularly understood\" meaning is not adequately signified.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","17-18)","\"A guilty conscience in my blushing feace: I fain wou'd wesh it out, but never can\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["whick","[wik]",null,null,"β. lME qwhick (north.), lME qwhik, lME qwhikke, lME qwhyk, lME qwhyke, lME weke, lME whicke, lME whik, lME whike, lME whikk, lME whyk, lME whyke, lME whykk, lME whykke, lME wyck, lME wyke, lME–15 whikke, 15–16 whick (north.); Eng. regional (north. and midl.) 17 whik, 17– whick, 17– wick, 18– hwick; Sc. pre-17 quhick, pre-17 quhyk, pre-17 qwhik, 19– hwikk (Shetland), 19– whick (Shetland).","(EDD Online: \"quick, adj.1, adv., sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"quick, adj., n.1, and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian quik (West Frisian kwik, kwyk), Old Dutch quic (Middle Dutch quic, Dutch kwik, kwiek), Old Saxon quik (Middle Low German quik- (apparently only in compounds; compare also quik, noun: see below), German regional (Low German) quick), Old High German quec, quek, also (late) chechh-, cheg (Middle High German quec, also kec, German keck pert, bold, and Queck- (in compounds); compare also German quick lively ( < Low German)), Old Icelandic kvikr, kykr, Old Swedish qvikker, kviker (Swedish qvick), Old Danish qwik, qwig, qweg (Danish kvik, also kvæg), apparently related to Gothic qius alive, and also to Sanskrit jīva, classical Latin vīvus, Lithuanian gývas, Old Church Slavonic živŭ, Early Irish béu, béo (Irish beó), Welsh byw (13th cent.) alive, living, ancient Greek βίος life, although the exact nature of the relationship is uncertain.]",null,"3. Alive; lively, alert; also used subst.","A. adj.\n\nI. Characterized by the presence of life.\n\n2. a. Of a person or animal: in a live state, alive. Now chiefly regional and arch.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1869,"(Gibson: ","8)","\"Whinin' oot \"Fadder's deid!\" when ivery body kens 'at fadder's whicker nor meàst on us.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["whisht","[wiʃt]",null,null,"15 whysht(e, 18 Sc. wheesht.","(EDD Online: \"whisht, int., v., sb. and adj.\")","(OED Online: \"whisht, adj.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Natural","No EDD Etymology",null,"[A variant of whist adj.1 < whist int.1 < A natural utterance enjoining silence: compare hist v.1, hust adj., ist n., st. n. and adj., also husht n., whisht n.]","Natural = innate.","7. adj. Hushed, quiet, silent; noiseless; retired; calm; gentle; also used advb.","Now dial.\n\nSilent, quiet, still, hushed.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","204)","\"a' was whisht an' quiet.\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","12)","\"I begon rayder to think shām o' shootin' an' bellerin' sooa at an oald man, an' him as whisht as a troot throo it o'\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["whuther","[wi·ðə(r)]",null,"wither, wuther","ME quhedir, quhethir, qwedyr, ME–15 quhidder, 15 quhiddir; 15–16, 18 whidder, 17–18 whedder, whuther, 18 whudder, wuther, 17– whither.","(EDD Online: \"whither, v., sb.2 and adj.\")","(OED Online: \"whither, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Old Norse","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< Old Norse *hviðra (compare Norwegian kvidra to go to and fro with short quick movements), related to hviða squall of wind (see whid n.2), fit (of coughing), Old English hwiþa , hwiþu (hweoþu ) ‘aura’: see whyȝt n.]",null,"4. To throw with violence; to hurl down; to beat, belabour.","3. trans. To strike or beat forcibly; to throw violently.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Gilpin (1866: 199) cited as a usage example in Prevost (1899: 364) with the definition of \"to strike or throw forcibly.\"",1866,"(Gilpin: ","199)","\"Nit yen […] wad […] haud back their gift, nay, some wad whuther in a guinea.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["whyet","[kwai·ət]\n\nIncorrect for Cumrbian Dialect: EDD does not recognised Cumbrian orthography / definition / pronunciation of \"whyet.\"\n\nMore accurate pronuciation guide would be:\n\n[(k)wai·ət] or [wai·ət]",null,"whiet","β. 15 whaiet, 19– whiet (Eng. regional (north.)); Sc. pre-17 quhat, pre-17 quheit, pre-17 quhiet, 18– whiet (Orkney and Shetland), 19– whyat (Orkney).","(EDD Online: \"quiet, adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"quiet, adj. and adv.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Multiple Origins","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French quiet, quiete; Latin quiētus.\n\n< Anglo-Norman and Middle French quiet, also quiete quiet, tranquil, in Anglo-Norman also ‘free, exempt’ (mid 13th cent. in Old French; French quiet , now arch. and rare; compare the more common forms cited at quit adj.) and its etymon classical Latin quiētus in a state of rest, asleep, inactive, making no noise, tranquil, undisturbed, free from war, at peace, free from agitation, (of the sea, atmosphere) free from storms, calm (e.g. quiēta statiō sheltered anchorage (Caesar); compare sense A. 11), in post-classical Latin also (of a debt) discharged (7th cent.), exempt, quit (9th cent.; frequently from 11th cent. in British sources; also as quittus : see quit adj.), use as adjective of past participle of quiēscere to come to rest, to be quiet (see quiesce v.). Compare Old Occitan quet , Catalan quiet (1490), Spanish quedo (13th cent.), Portuguese quieto (15th cent.), Italian quieto (14th cent.). Compare also French coi quiet, still (now arch.: see coy adj.). With use as adverb compare earlier quietly adv.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. adj.\n\nI. Causing no disturbance; making little sound.\n\n2. a. Of a person or animal: causing little or no disturbance or commotion; not moving or acting; remaining at rest; (in later use esp.) making little or no noise.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","Nearest definition EDD provides is:\n\n\"3. Gentle, civil, not given to strong language.\" (EDD Online: \"quiet, adj., v.\").\n\nWhich doesn't adequately define the adjective.",1871,"(Richardson: ","24)","\"Efter that aw was whiet for a while, an' we began to think 'at we'd banish 't them awtogidder\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","11)","\"Joe was terrible whyet, bit Matty had toak for dog an' man.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG236,AB236,#REF!,AQ236,AV236)","v":3}]
["wind1","[wind]",null,null,"OE– wind","(EDD Online: \"wind, sb.1 and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"wind, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Multiple Origins","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English wind = Old Frisian, Old Saxon, (Middle) Low German, (Middle) Dutch wind , Old High German, Middle High German wint , wind- (German wind ), Old Norse vindr (Swedish, Danish vind ), Gothic winds < Old Germanic *windaz < pre-Germanic *wentos , cognate with Latin ventus , Welsh gwynt , Breton guent ; originally a present participial formation (*wēnto- ) < root wē- of Old English wáwan (see wowe n.), Old High German wâjan (German wehen), Gothic waian to blow, waft, Lithuanian vė́jas wind, Old Church Slavonic vějati blows, větrŭ wind, Old Irish feth air, Greek ἄησι ( < *ἄϝησι) blows, ἀήτης wind, Sanskrit vāti blows, vāta wind.]",null,"2. Phr. (1) at a wind, (a) at one gulp; (b) in the same breath;","II. Transferred senses. (See also 1c, 2)\n\n11. b. Breath as used in speaking; hence transf. speech, talk (esp. in such phr. as to waste one's wind). Obs. or arch. (exc. as implied in long-winded adj. 2a).","EDD and OED Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define the headword as a single lexeme, instead favouring its use within a compound.\n\nHowever, the EDD defintion is accurate to the usage example provided by Farrall  (1893: 11).",1869,"(Gibson: ","12)","\"Efter a while I stopt, for I'd ron me-sel' varra nār oot o' winnd\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","11)","\"She cud toak about hoàf-a-duzzen subjekts at a singel wind.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG237,#REF!,AL237,AQ237,AV237)","v":2}]
["winsome","[wi·nsəm]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"winsome, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"winsome, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Old English","Match","[1. OE. wynsum, pleasant, delightful, joyful, merry (Hall).]","[Old English wynsum = Old Saxon wunsam , Old High German wunnisam (Middle High German wun(ne)sam ), < wyn(n win n.2 + -sum -some suffix1. Sense 3 came into the literary language from northern dialects.]",null,"1. Comely; pleasant, agreeable; engaging, winning; lively, cheerful, merry. Hence (1) Winsome-fair, adj. attractive and pretty","II. 3. Pleasing or attractive in appearance, handsome, comely; of attractive nature or disposition, of winning character or manners.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1866,"(Gilpin: ","49)","\"And oft peeps out his winsome deame\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB238,AG238,AL238,AQ238,AV238)","v":1}]
["worry","[wə·ri.]",null,null,"α. OE wyrgan, ME wyryȝ(e, ME wirwe, wirie, wiry(e, wyrie, wyry(e, ME wyrwyn, wyrhy, ME–16 wirrie, wyrry, 15 Sc. wirrey, virry, ME–15, 18 Sc. wirry. β. ME werew, Sc. ver(r)y, ME–15 wery(e, (ME were, werou-), ME–16, 18 dial. werry, 15 wearry, 15–16 wearie, weary. γ. ME–15 worow(e, (ME pa. pple. yworewid, ME pa. tense worod, 15 3rd sing. woroeth), ME worwyn, 15–16 worrow, 16 wurrow; ME–16 wory(e, (ME vory), worie, 15 worrye, 15–16 woorry(e, 16 woorie, worrey, whorry, worr' (in verse), 15–17 wurry, 15– worry.","(EDD Online: \"worry, v., sb. and adj.\")","(OED Online: \"worry, v.\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English wyrgan = Old Frisian wergia to kill, Middle Low German worgen, Middle Dutch worghen (Dutch worgen, wurgen), to strangle, throttle, Old High German wurgan, wurkjan (Middle High German wurgen, würgen, German würgen), to strangle, worry, kill by violence < Old Germanic *wurgjan, related to *werg-, a strong verb stem found in Middle High German irwergen to throttle < Indo-European *wergh-]",null,"1. v. To choke; to strangle; to suffocate; to choke with thirst.","†1.\n \na. trans. To kill (a person or animal) by compressing the throat; to strangle. Obs.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED definition marked as Obs. in Standard English, despite persisting in dialects of English.\n\nPossible mixture of senses. Senses 3a and 3b are more familiar to the researcher and are attested in usage examples from the late 19th Century. Sense 1a has no attested usage examples after 1606.\n\nConsult:\n\n3.\n \na. trans. To seize by the throat with the teeth and tear or lacerate; to kill or injure by biting and shaking. Said e.g. of dogs or wolves attacking sheep, or of hounds when they seize their quarry.\n\nb. fig. (or in figurative context).\n\nGibson's (1869: 8) usage example could be refering to the action of killing, figuratively applying the method of killing done by hounds to the situation.",1869,"(Gibson: ","8)","\"Wes' hev to wūrry fadder when his time cūms, for he'll nivver dee of his-sel.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB239,AG239,AL239,AQ239,AV239)","v":1}]
["yacker","[ya·kə(r)]",null,null,"Forms:  eOE aecer, eOE ecyr (Kentish), OE accr- (Northumbrian, inflected form), OE acr- (inflected form), OE æþer (transmission error), OE–eME æccer (rare), OE–eME æcer, OE–eME æcr- (inflected form), OE–eME æcyr, OE–eME æker, OE–16 aker, OE–17 acer, lOE æcær, lOE æccr- (inflected form), lOE–eME ecer, eME aeker, eME ærcas (accusative plural, transmission error), eME eker, ME akre, ME hakere, ME–15 akere, ME–15 akir, ME–15 akyr, ME– acre, 15 acar, 15 ackre, 15 acorr, 15 akear, 15 akker, 15–16 acker, 16 accer (N. Amer.), 16 accor, 16 acur, 16 akar (Welsh English), 17 aiker, 18 aager (Irish English (Wexford)), 19– acher (regional); Eng. regional 18 yacker, 18– acker, 18– yacre;","(EDD Online: \"acre, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"acre, n.\"","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Germanic","Do Not Match","[OE. æcer, field + dǣl, a portion, share.]","[Cognate with Old Frisian ekker , ēker , ikker , akker field, cultivated field, measure of land, Middle Dutch acker cultivated field, measure of land (in Old Dutch only in place names; Dutch akker ), Old Saxon akkar , akar field, cultivated field (Middle Low German acker , also cultivated land collectively, measure of land), Old High German ackar , acchar , akar cultivated field, field, countryside (as opposed to town) (Middle High German acker , German Acker ), Old Icelandic akr cultivated land, field, cornfield (sometimes used in opposition to enclosed homefield), crop, Old Swedish aker , akker cultivated land, field, crop (Swedish åker ), Old Danish akær cultivated land (Danish ager ), Gothic akrs field < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin ager piece of land, territory, country, region, farm, estate, cultivated land, soil, countryside (as opposed to town), ancient Greek ἀγρός field, farm, cultivated land, countryside (as opposed to town), Sanskrit ajra plain, open country, ultimately < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin agere (see act v.), although the precise type of formation shown and the stages of its development are uncertain and disputed.]",null,"2. A measure of land, differing in various parts of Great Britain and Ireland from the normal statutable piece of 40 poles long by 4 broad = 4840 sq. yds. This variation sometime coincides with the different nature of the crop, &c., which the land yields.","2. a. A measure of land area, originally as much as a yoke of oxen could plough in a day, later defined by English statute as an area 220 yards (40 poles) long by 22 yards (4 poles) broad (equal to 4,840 square yards, 4 roods, or approx. 4,047 square metres), or its equivalent of any shape.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1871,"(Richardson: ","46)","\"I wonder what Tim Crostet o' Wanthet wad think if he was to pop up some day, an' could see enny bit snafflen thing drivin' away an' whusselen an' mowin' sebben or eight yacker in a day.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB240,AG240,AL240,AQ240,AV240)","v":1}]
["yan1","[jan]",null,null,"α. OE aan, OE æn (rare), OE ann, OE–eME (ME–15 north.) an, eME en, ME ane (north.), ME awen (north.), ME awne (north.); Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 16– yane, 17 yean, 17– an, 17– yan, 17– yen, 18 aan, 18– ane, 18– en, 18– 'en, 18– in, 18– yahn, 18– yan","(EDD Online: \"one, num. adj., indef. art., sb., pron. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"one, adj., n., and pron.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","unclear","pronoun","Do Not Match","OED","EDD does not objectively define the pronominal use of \"yan, pron.\" The reader must instead make inferences based on usage examples or conduct further research.",null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian ān , ēn , Middle Dutch ein , een , (Dutch een ), Old Saxon ēn (Middle Low German ēn ), Old High German ein , ehin , ēn , etc. (Middle High German ein , German ein ), Old Icelandic einn , Swedish en , Danish een , en , Gothic ains , < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin ūnus (Old Latin oinos ), Gaulish oinos (in names), Early Irish oen , óen (Irish aon ), Old Welsh, Welsh un , Old Church Slavonic inŭ other, another, (also, usually in jedĭnŭ , in sense ‘one’), Old Prussian ains , Lithuanian vienas , and also ancient Greek οἴνη , Hellenistic Greek οἰνός ace at dice, perhaps ultimately < an extended form of the base of Gothic is he (see he pron.).]",null,"Unclear, see notes","C. pron.\n\nI. As simple numeral.\n \n1. One person or thing identified contextually.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","Pronominal sense of \"one\" is not defined. Reader must either infer its meaning from usage examples or conduct further research.",1869,"(Gibson: ","19)","\"Ten things for me, an' yan  for thysel'!\"","Prose",1871,"(Richardson: ","62)","\"we meadd yan\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","12)","\"Yan was real impiddent wid t' maister\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG241,#REF!,AL241,AQ241,AV241)","v":3}]
["yan2","[jan]",null,null,"α. OE aan, OE æn (rare), OE ann, OE–eME (ME–15 north.) an, eME en, ME ane (north.), ME awen (north.), ME awne (north.); Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 16– yane, 17 yean, 17– an, 17– yan, 17– yen, 18 aan, 18– ane, 18– en, 18– 'en, 18– in, 18– yahn, 18– yan","(EDD Online: \"one, num. adj., indef. art., sb., pron. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"one, adj., n., and pron.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","unclear","pronoun","Do Not Match","OED",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian ān , ēn , Middle Dutch ein , een , (Dutch een ), Old Saxon ēn (Middle Low German ēn ), Old High German ein , ehin , ēn , etc. (Middle High German ein , German ein ), Old Icelandic einn , Swedish en , Danish een , en , Gothic ains , < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin ūnus (Old Latin oinos ), Gaulish oinos (in names), Early Irish oen , óen (Irish aon ), Old Welsh, Welsh un , Old Church Slavonic inŭ other, another, (also, usually in jedĭnŭ , in sense ‘one’), Old Prussian ains , Lithuanian vienas , and also ancient Greek οἴνη , Hellenistic Greek οἰνός ace at dice, perhaps ultimately < an extended form of the base of Gothic is he (see he pron.).]",null,"Unclear, see notes","C. pron.\n\nVI. As an indefinite pronoun.\n\n17. a. Any person of undefined identity, esp. one considered as representative of people in general; any person at all, including (esp. in later use) the speaker himself or herself; ‘you, or I, or anyone’; a person in general.\n\nGenitive one's, objective one, reflexively oneself pron.   (formerly one's self); but for these the third person pronouns his, him, himself were formerly usual, and are still usual in the United States; thus, ‘If one showed oneself (himself) to one's (his) townsmen, they would know one (him).’\n \nThe plural pronouns their, them, themselves (cf. quots. a16651, a16652, and 1747) were formerly also used in such contexts on account of their indefiniteness of gender.\n \nIn this sense one is unstressed, proclitic or enclitic.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"indefinite pronoun\" sense of \"one, pronoun.\"\n\nReader must either infer its meaning from usage examples or conduct further research.",1869,"(Gibson: ","8)","\"what mak's yan madder nor o' t' rest\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","18)","\"things mun just be as they ur', an' nut egsactly as yan wants them.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB242,AG242,AL242,AQ242,AV242)","v":2}]
["yat","[jat]",null,null,"α. OE geat, get (Northumb. gæt, geat(t), ME ȝeat, (ME giate), ME–15 ȝet, ME ȝat(t)e, ME, 15–18 dial. yat(t)e, ME–15 yhate, yhet, ȝett, ME–15 yet(e, 16–18 dial. yeat(t, 15– Sc. yett. β. (OE pl. gatu), ME–15 gat, (ME gatte, ME gaytt, 15 gaat), ME– gate.","(EDD Online: \"gate, sb.1 and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"gate, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English geat strong neuter, corresponds formally to Old Frisian gat , jet , hole, opening, Old Saxon gat eye of a needle (Low German and Dutch gat gap, hole, breach), Old Norse gat (see gat n.1) < Old Germanic type *gatom. The word is wanting in Gothic and High German.\nThe ulterior etymology is obscure. Some scholars refer the word to the root of get v., supposing the etymological sense to be either ‘receptacle’ (hence ‘cavity’, ‘hole’, ‘opening’) or ‘means of reaching’ (hence ‘way of access’). It is however very uncertain whether it is allied either to get n.1 or to gate n.2]",null,"Unclear, see notes","6. a. The barrier itself; a framework of wood or iron either consisting of bars, gratings, etc., or with a solid face, turning on pivots or hinges, or sliding in a groove, and used either in a pair or singly. For five-, six-bar(red gate see five adj. and n. Compounds 1, six adj. and n.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not provide defintion, instead relying on the reader's inferences made from usage examples.",1871,"(Richardson: ","80)","\"When I gat theer I saw nowt astur, an' seah I ty't t' meer to t' foald yat, an' went on to t' hoose dooer 'at was stannen wide oppen.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
["yell","[yel]",null,null,"β. 15 yel; Eng. regional 17– yale, 18 yaäle (north.), 18 yell (north.), 18– yal (north.), 18– yall (north.); Sc. pre-17 17 yale, 17 yeal, 17–18 yell.","(EDD Online: \"ale, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"ale, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"OE/ON","Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. Ale and beer have been in common use as names for the same intoxicating drink among the various tribes of Germanic people from the earliest times. The Alvismál says: 'Tis called ale (öi) among men, beer (bjōrr) among the gods; ‘beer’ being the Southern, ‘ale’ the Northern Germanic word. 2. For information about country ales, esp. the Whitsun-ale, see Brand Pop. Antiq. I. 279. Douce says that Ale means a feast or merry-making, as in the words Leet-ale, Lamb-ale, Whitsun-ale, Clerk-ale, Bride-ale (whence Bridal), Church-ale, Scot-ale, Midsummer-ale, &c. (Brand, l.c.) Les festes du village, wakes, ales, ploughmens feasts, or holy daies, COTGR. OE. ealu ON. öl, ale; also, a feast, a banquet, freq. in comps., as in ON. erfi-öl, a wake, a funeral feast; OE. brȳd-ealu, a bride-feast, the marriage feast, a ‘bridal.’]","[Cognate with Middle Dutch āle , ael a kind of beer containing a smaller amount of hops than usual, and hence sweeter in taste (Dutch aal , †ael , †eel ; in recent use as a loan < English), Old Saxon alo (only in the compound alofat : see ale fat n.), Early Runic alu (genitive plural aluþa , although not all scholars agree on interpretation of this word as meaning ‘beer’), Old Icelandic ǫl (Icelandic öl ), Old Swedish öl (Swedish öl ), Old Danish øl (Danish øl ), all in sense ‘beer’, further etymology uncertain and disputed.]","OED gives far broader etymology, engaging with more languages","1. A liquor brewed from malt and distinguished from ordinary beer by its strength. In Cum. and Som., however, ale is weak beer brewed from the malt after the beer has been extracted from it.\n","1. Any beer other than lager, stout, or porter; spec. beer brewed by top fermentation. Also: a type of this.\n\nIn Old English apparently the usual word for alcoholic drink brewed from malt (the less common word bēor perhaps denoted a sweeter and stronger drink: see discussion at beer n.1); also used to gloss Latin cervesa, cervesia kind of beer (see cervisial adj.) and caelia kind of beer. However, it probably had a somewhat wider range of possible meanings than ‘beer’ and is occasionally attested referring to other types of alcoholic drink.\n \nWith the introduction of regular use of hops into England from at least the 15th cent., ale came to designate beer brewed without hops, a distinction which lasted until the 18th cent., when it came to refer to a strong beer. In the 19th cent. ale was sometimes distinguished by its being brewed with malt that has not been roasted or burnt, and hence being paler in colour. The word is now most common (outside historical contexts) as a trade name, or (esp. in real ale, cask ale, etc.) referring to traditionally brewed beer (of any colour).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD definition specifies the type of beer \"ale, n.\" refers to in Cumberland; specifically a weaker beer, brewed from malt.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","200)","\"Wheyle yell in jugs and cans was brought, an' held to iv'ry muzzle\"","Poetry",1869,"(Gibson: ","19)","\"thoo ma' gā an' git a bit o' dinner, like ūdder fwoke, at Mistress Boo's, an' a pint o' yall.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},2]
["yence","[iəns]",null,"yance, yince",null,"(EDD Online: \"once, adv. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"once, adv., conj., adj., and n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by derivation. Originally < ene adv. + -s suffix; subsequently remodelled after the genitive of one pron.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. I. 2. a) At some point or period in the past; on some past occasion; formerly.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD Entry only defines adverb indirectly using usage examples (Marked with \"Var. dial. Uses\").",1866,"(Gilpin: ","7)","\"The games that yence were his delight, peer Jacky minds nae mair\"","Poetry",1871,"(Richardson: ","61)","\"I've hard them say, 'at yance when they […] war rippen an' sweeren varra nar ivvery word, 'at auld Jemmy went up to them, an' sed, \" lads, mix yer talk ; ye deu nowt bit sweer.\"\"","Prose",1893,"(Farrall: ","7)","\"Bob begins to ask t' fellah if ivver he'd poach't enny, an' he sed […] he'd nivver shûtten enny fessants bit yance\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},3]
["yether",null,"\"yedder\" (Prevost 1899: lxxxvii)",null,"ME ȝeddyr, yeddyr, 15 ȝedder, 16–18 yeather, 17–18 yether, 18 yadder, 15– yedder.","(EDD Online: \"yether, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"yedder, n.\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Variant of \"edder, n.\": Of doubtful etymology; some have identified it with Old English eodor, eder enclosure = Old High German etar, Old Norse jaðarr edge, border.]",null,"2. A smart blow, esp. one with a switch.","2. The mark of a blow or stripe, or that made by tight binding; a weal. Also, a smart blow.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Prevost (1899: lxxxvii) lists \"yedder\" in his list of \"words applied to beating,\" with the definition:\n\n\"a severe blow with a supple stick or yedder.\"\n\nGilpin's (1866: 202) sense of \"yether, n.\" appears to be figurative; instead of being beaten by a \"supple stick,\" the drinkers are beaten with alcohol or, in other words, drunk.",1866,"(Gilpin: ","202)","\"An' some there were that clash't their keytes till they were fairly yether'd wi' drink that day.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},1]
["yonder","[jo·ndə(r)]",null,null,"α. ME (15 Sc.) ȝonder, -ir, (ME ȝionder, ȝundir, yunder, ME ȝondur, -yr, yondur), ME–15 yondre, (15 ȝondar, Sc. ȝounder, 16 younder), ME– yonder","(EDD Online: \"yonder, adv., adj. and pron.\")","(OED Online: \"yonder, adv., adj., pron., and n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Middle English ȝonder , ȝender , corresponding to Old Saxon gendra adjective, on this side, Middle Low German ginder , gender , Low German gunter , Dutch, West Frisian ginder , Gothic jaindrê (compare hidrê hither v.)]",null,"1. adv. In that place; over there. Also sometimes yonders.","Now only literary and somewhat arch., or dial.\n\nA. adv.\n\n1. a. At or in that place; there; usually implying that the object spoken of is at some distance but within sight: Over there, away there.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1893,"(Farrall: ","19)","\"yonder t' last tree's still growin' in Willie Black's worchet dyke\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},1]
[{"$nulls":7},"INCLUSION",null,null,"GRAMMAR",{"$nulls":4},"ETYMOLOGY",{"$nulls":5},"DEFINITION"]
[{"$nulls":7},"TOTAL: Headword Present in EDD?","TOTAL: Sense Specific to Cumbrian?","TOTAL: Headword Present in OED?",null,"TOTAL: Relationship1",null,null,"TOTAL: Grammar Most Accurate to Usage Examples",null,null,"TOTAL: Relationship2",{"$nulls":4},"TOTAL: Relationship3",null,"TOTAL: Synonymous Defintions?",null,"TOTAL: Definition Most Accurate to Usage Examples?"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Yes",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN EDD?], \"Yes\")","v":230},{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[SENSE SPECIFIC TO CUMBRIAN?], \"Yes\")","v":186},{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN OED?], \"Yes\")","v":228},"Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"Match\")","v":204},null,"EDD",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"EDD\")","v":17},null,"Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF( TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"Match\")","v":25},null,null,null,"EDD and OED Definition",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"EDD and OED Definition\")","v":176},"Yes",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[SYNONYMOUS DEFINTIONS?], \"Yes\")","v":170},"EDD",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"EDD\")","v":14}]
[{"$nulls":6},"No",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN EDD?], \"No\")","v":16},{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[SENSE SPECIFIC TO CUMBRIAN?], \"No\")","v":44},{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN OED?], \"No\")","v":18},"Do Not Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"Do Not Match\")","v":12},null,"OED",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"OED\")","v":22},null,"Do Not Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF( TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"Do Not Match\")","v":69},null,null,null,"EDD Definition Only",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"EDD Definition Only\")","v":14},"No",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[SYNONYMOUS DEFINTIONS?], \"No\")","v":43},"OED",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"OED\")","v":62}]
[{"$nulls":6},"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(H250,H251)","v":246},{"$f":"SUM(I250,I251)","v":230},{"$f":"SUM(J250,J251)","v":246},"No EDD Entry",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"No EDD Entry\")","v":14},null,"N/A",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"N/A\")","v":204},null,"No EDD Etymology",{"$f":"COUNTIF( TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"No EDD Etymology\")","v":137},null,null,null,"OED Definition Only",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"OED Definition Only\")","v":17},"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(Y250,Y251)","v":213},"N/A",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"N/A\")","v":168}]
[{"$nulls":10},"No OED Entry",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"No OED Entry\")","v":14},null,"Neither",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"Neither\")","v":3},null,"No OED Etymology",{"$f":"COUNTIF( TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"No OED Etymology\")","v":3},null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"No EDD or OED Definition\")","v":2},"TOTAL: \"EDD and OED Definition\" + \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\"",{"$f":"SUM(W250,W254)","v":213},"Neither",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"Neither\")","v":2}]
[{"$nulls":10},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"No EDD or OED Entry\")","v":2},null,"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(O250,O251,O252,O253)","v":246},null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$f":"COUNTIF( TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"No EDD or OED Etymology\")","v":12},null,null,null,"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\")","v":37},null,null,"TOTAL:",{"$f":"+SUM(AA250,AA251,AA252,AA253)","v":246}]
[{"$nulls":10},"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(L250,L251,L252,L253,L254)","v":246},{"$nulls":4},"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(R250,R251,R252,R253,R254)","v":246},null,null,null,"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(W250,W251,W252,W253,W254)","v":246}]

{"sheet":"Cont. Cumbrian (1950–present)","index":1,"n_rows":423,"n_cols":58,"rows_kept":423,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["HEADWORD","PRONUNCIATION GUIDE: EDD","VARIANT FORMS: READING PROGRAMME","VARIANT CUMBRIAN FORMS: EDD","VARIANT FORMS: OED","EDD REFERENCE","OED REFERENCE","HEADWORD PRESENT IN EDD?","SENSE SPECIFIC TO CUMBRIAN?","HEADWORD PRESENT IN OED?","GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: EDD","GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: OED","RELATIONSHIP1","GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES","NOTES ON GRAMMAR","ETYMOLOGICAL ROOT: EDD","ETYMOLOGICAL ROOT: OED","RELATIONSHIP2","ETYMOLOGY: EDD","ETYMOLOGY: OED","NOTES ON ETYMOLOGY","DEFINITION: EDD","DEFINITION: OED","RELATIONSHIP3","SYNONYMOUS DEFINTIONS?","DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?","NOTES ON DEFINITION","USAGE EXAMPLE 1 DATE","USAGE EXAMPLE 1 AUTHOR","USAGE EXAMPLE 1 PAGE NUMBER","USAGE EXAMPLE 1","POETRY, PROSE OR PERIODICAL?","USAGE EXAMPLE 2 DATE","USAGE EXAMPLE 2 AUTHOR","USAGE EXAMPLE 2 PAGE NUMBER","USAGE EXAMPLE 2","POETRY, PROSE OR PERIODICAL?2","USAGE EXAMPLE 3 DATE","USAGE EXAMPLE 3 AUTHOR","USAGE EXAMPLE 3 PAGE NUMBER","USAGE EXAMPLE 3","POETRY, PROSE OR PERIODICAL?3","USAGE EXAMPLE 4 DATE","USAGE EXAMPLE 4 AUTHOR","USAGE EXAMPLE 4 PAGE NUMBER","USAGE EXAMPLE 4","POETRY, PROSE OR PERIODICAL?4","USAGE EXAMPLE 5 DATE","USAGE EXAMPLE 5 AUTHOR","USAGE EXAMPLE 5 PAGE NUMBER ","USAGE EXAMPLE 5","POETRY, PROSE OR PERIODICAL?5","USAGE EXAMPLE COUNT","OED USAGE EXAMPLES DATING BETWEEN 1700 AND 1898?",null,null,"RECOGNISED AS STANDARD ENGLISH BY OED?"]
["aback","[əba·k]",null,null,"Recognisable \"aback\" form didn't appear until early Middle English. Consult:\n\nβ. eME abac, eME a-bach, eME a bach, eME abakk, eME a-bakke, eME a bakke, eME abec, ME a-bak, ME abak, ME a bak, ME a-bake, ME abake, ME–17 a-backe, ME–17 abacke, ME– a-back, lME– aback, 15 a backe, 15 a bake, 15–17 a back; also Sc. pre-17 abaik, pre-17 abak, pre-17 a bak, pre-17 abake.","(EDD Online: \"aback, prep. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"aback, adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","preposition","adverb",{"$f":"IF(AND(K2=\"\", L2=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Entry\",IF(K2=L2, \"Match\",IF(K2=\"\",\"No EDD Entry\", IF(L2=\"\",\"No OED Entry\",\"Do Not Match\"))))","v":"Do Not Match"},"EDD","OED does not recognise \"aback, prep.\"\n\nBased on usage examples (cf. Farrall [1893: 7]), EDD grammatical classification is more accurate, though it is a grey area.","Old English","English by Compounding",{"$f":"IF(AND(P2=\"\", H2=\"No\", I2=\"No\"), \"No EDD Entry\",IF(AND(P2=\"\", Q2=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Etymology\", IF(P2=Q2, \"Match\", IF(P2=\"\", \"No EDD Etymology\", IF(Q2=\"\", \"No OED Etymology\",\"Do Not Match\")))))","v":"Do Not Match"},"[They drewe abacke, as halfe with shame confound, Spenser Sh. Cal. June. ME. Therwith-al a-bak she sterte, Chaucer Leg. G. W. 864. OE. on bæcc]","[Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: on prep., back n.1]",null,"1. prep. Of position: behind, to the rear (usually with prep. of).","1. In a backward direction; to or towards the rear; back. Also fig. and in extended use: from the scene of action, away, to a distance; to a former place or position. Now rare (poet. and regional).",{"$f":"IF(AND(V2=\"\", W2=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Definition\", IF(V2=\"\", \"OED Definition Only\", IF(W2=\"\", \"EDD Definition Only\", IF(AND(H2=\"Yes\",V2=\"Unclear, see notes\"), \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\", \"EDD and OED Definition\"))))","v":"EDD and OED Definition"},"Yes","N/A","Definitions are similar, but grammatical category does not match.",2002,"(Forsyth: ","2)","\"As we gits near till the summetery, Ah spots this laal van dodgin' ijn an' oot o' t' traffic; he gits reet aback o' ma.\"","Prose",2006,"(Graham: ","8)","\"When ah fust went in, ah ast a lass sitten aback ev a desk where ah wad be likely ta fin him.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG2,#REF!,AL2,AQ2,AV2)","v":2}]
["aboot1","[əbū·t]",null,null,"β. OE abuta (rare), OE abutotan (transmission error), OE habutan (rare), OE–eME abutan, OE–eME abuton, OE–ME abuten, eME abeotan, eME abeoten, eME abotan, eME abutæn, eME abutenn, eME abuttenn, ME abhowte, ME abhute, ME abode, ME abohut, ME abohutt, ME abot, ME abote, ME aboughte, ME abouȝt, ME abouȝte, ME abouȝten, ME abougth, ME abouten, ME abouute, ME abowght, ME abowgth, ME abownten (perhaps transmission error), ME abowot, ME abowt, ME abowten, ME abowtt, ME abowtyn, ME abute, ME abuuten, ME habout, ME obout, ME oboute, ME obowte, ME obut, ME obute, ME 16 abut, ME–15 abouet, ME–15 abought, ME–15 abowte, ME–17 aboute, ME– about, 15 abowth; Eng. regional 18 abeawt (north.), 18– abaout (midl.), 18– abawt (midl.), 18– aboot (north. and north midl.), 18– abootan (north.), 18– abouten (south.), 19– abowt (north.); U.S. regional 18 abaout, 18 abeout, 19– aboot, 19– abouten, 19– about'n, 19– abowoot, 19– erbout; Sc. pre-17 aboute, pre-17 abowt, pre-17 abowte, pre-17 abut, pre-17 abute, pre-17 17– about, 18– aboot; also Irish English 18 abouten (Wexford), 18– abut (Wexford), 19– aboot (north.).","(EDD Online: \"about, prep., conj. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"about, adv., prep.1, adj., and int.)","Yes","No","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Derivation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by derivation.\n\n< on- prefix + bout adv.1 (see discussion at that entry). Compare Old Frisian abūta (adverb) outside. Compare bout adv.1, bout prep.1 Compare also later bout prep.2, bout adv.2 See also thereabout adv. and later round about adv. and prep.]",null,"2. Nearly, almost; of number, quantity: near to, approximating.","III. Expressing approximation.\n \n8. With times and dates: near, close to, at approximately; = around prep. 13. about time: see time n., int., and conj. Phrases 3a.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED defintion more specified; states headwords specific application to dates, as demonstrated by Richardson's (1871: 34) usage example.",2002,"(Forsyth: ","4)","\"Ah seed thi missus gitten on t' Carel bus aboot hauf-n-oor back.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG3,#REF!,AL3,AQ3,AV3)","v":1}]
["aboot2",null,null,null,"β. OE abuta (rare), OE abutotan (transmission error), OE habutan (rare), OE–eME abutan, OE–eME abuton, OE–ME abuten, eME abeotan, eME abeoten, eME abotan, eME abutæn, eME abutenn, eME abuttenn, ME abhowte, ME abhute, ME abode, ME abohut, ME abohutt, ME abot, ME abote, ME aboughte, ME abouȝt, ME abouȝte, ME abouȝten, ME abougth, ME abouten, ME abouute, ME abowght, ME abowgth, ME abownten (perhaps transmission error), ME abowot, ME abowt, ME abowten, ME abowtt, ME abowtyn, ME abute, ME abuuten, ME habout, ME obout, ME oboute, ME obowte, ME obut, ME obute, ME 16 abut, ME–15 abouet, ME–15 abought, ME–15 abowte, ME–17 aboute, ME– about, 15 abowth; Eng. regional 18 abeawt (north.), 18– abaout (midl.), 18– abawt (midl.), 18– aboot (north. and north midl.), 18– abootan (north.), 18– abouten (south.), 19– abowt (north.); U.S. regional 18 abaout, 18 abeout, 19– aboot, 19– abouten, 19– about'n, 19– abowoot, 19– erbout; Sc. pre-17 aboute, pre-17 abowt, pre-17 abowte, pre-17 abut, pre-17 abute, pre-17 17– about, 18– aboot; also Irish English 18 abouten (Wexford), 18– abut (Wexford), 19– aboot (north.).",null,"(OED Online: \"about, adv., prep.1, adj., and int.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"preposition","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"English by Derivation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by derivation.\n\n< on- prefix + bout adv.1 (see discussion at that entry). Compare Old Frisian abūta (adverb) outside. Compare bout adv.1, bout prep.1 Compare also later bout prep.2, bout adv.2 See also thereabout adv. and later round about adv. and prep.]",null,null,"B. prep.1\n\nIV. Expressing relation or connection.\n \n10. a. Concerning, regarding, with regard to, in reference to; in the matter of. Frequently emphasized by preceding all.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","9)","\"Noo, oor Methoosaleh knows aw there is to know aboot sheep an' sheepdogs\"","Prose",1984,"(Roberts: ","15)","\"Ah cud ga on for ivver aboot t' things they did\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","1)","\"Jobby n' Joe wah sitten […] hevven ther usual crack aboot ivverybody.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB5,AL4,#REF!,AQ4,AV4)","v":3},"Yes","5, dating between 1711 and 1877",null,"Yes","Cumbrian Spelling Variant"]
["afore","[əfoə·(r)]","afooar",null,"γ. ME afoore, ME afoyr (east midl.), ME auore, ME avore, ME–15 affor, ME–15 afoor, ME–16 afor, ME–17 affore, ME– afore, 15 affoare, 18 avar (Irish English (Wexford)), 18– avare (Irish English (Wexford)); Eng. regional 17 ovore (Devon), 17– avore (south-west.), 18 afoar (Yorks.), 18 avaur (Somerset), 18 avawr (Somerset), 18 avoore (south-west.), 18– afooar (north.), 18– afoor (chiefly north.), 18– afoore (north.), 18– afor, 19– afooare (Yorks. and Lincs.), 19– afooer (Yorks.), 19– afwore (Lincs.); Sc. pre-17 affoir, pre-17 affor, pre-17 affore, pre-17 afoir, pre-17 afoire, pre-17 afor, pre-17 afoyr, pre-17 effoir, pre-17 effor, pre-17 effore, pre-17 17– afore.","(EDD Online: \"afore, adv., conj., prep.\")","(OED Online: \"afore, adv., prep., and conj. \")","Yes","Yes","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A","EDD usage examples are not separated according to grammatical category. All grammatical categories are listed however.","Old English","English by Derivation","Do Not Match","[If I do not... drive all thy subjects afore thee like a flock of wild-geese, SHAKS. I Hen. IV, II. iv. 152. ME. To hem that riche were afore, Gower C. A. II. 88. OE. onforan, before.]","[Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: on- prefix, forne adv., a- prefix3, atfore prep.\n\nOriginally (in α. forms) < on- prefix + forne adv.; in β. forms showing reduction of the first element (see a- prefix3); in γ. forms probably showing alteration of the second element after fore adv. (although some forms may reflect independent loss of the final nasal).]",null,"1. Of time: before, ere.","B. prep. = before prep.   Now arch., regional, and (of place, position, or direction) Naut.\n\n2. Of time: in or at an earlier time than, previous to. Also: preceding in order of time, anterior to.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","6)","\"Afooar lang, t' President says, \"Is thee any member who hasn't been to London and who would like to go?\"\"","Prose",1999,"(Fisher: ","6)","\"He'd wait till aw wuz quiet, afoor he'd venture oot\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG5,#REF!,AL5,AQ5,AV5)","v":2}]
["ageànn1",null,null,null,"β. OE–eME agean, OE–17 (18– regional) agen, lOE–eME agien, eME aȝæien, eME aȝæin, eME agæn, eME aȝæn, eME agaynd, eME aȝeain, eME aȝean, eME ageon, eME aȝeon, eME aȝien, eME agon (Norfolk), eME aiȝein, eME aþein, eME aþen, eME awen, ME aeyn, ME aȝain, ME aȝaine, ME agan, ME aȝan, ME agane, ME aȝane, ME agayen, ME agayene, ME aȝayn, ME aȝayne, ME agaynn, ME agaynne, ME aȝeen, ME aȝeene, ME aȝein, ME aȝeine, ME aȝen, ME agene, ME aȝene, ME aȝenn, ME aȝenne, ME ageyen, ME ageyin, ME aȝeyn, ME aȝeyne, ME ageyng, ME ageynn, ME ageynne, ME aȝeynne, ME aghan, ME aghayne, ME aghene, ME aȝin, ME aȝyan, ME agyn, ME aȝyn, ME agyne, ME aien, ME ayain, ME ayaine, ME ayan, ME ayane, ME ayayn, ME ayayne, ME ayean, ME ayeen, ME ayeene, ME ayeien, ME ayein, ME ayeine, ME ayene, ME ayenn, ME ayenne, ME ayeyen, ME ayeyn, ME ayeyne, ME azayne, ME azeyn, ME ogain, ME oȝain, ME ogaine, ME oȝan, ME ogayn, ME oȝayn, ME ogayne, ME oȝayne, ME ogaynne, ME ogein, ME oȝein, ME oȝeine, ME oȝen, ME oȝeyn, ME ogeyne, ME–15 ageyn, ME–15 ageyne, ME–15 ayen, ME–16 agayn, ME–16 agayne, ME–16 agein, ME–16 ageine, ME–17 againe, ME– again, lME aȝon (Norfolk), lME ayend, lME ayenie, 15 againge, 15 agayin, 15 agayine, 15 agayng, 15 agaynge, 15 akayne, 15–16 againg, 16–17 agin, 17 ughin (nonstandard); Eng. regional 17 agan, 17 agayn, 17 agein, 18 agane (north.), 18 aghayn (Northumberland), 18 aginn, 18– agaan (Yorks.), 18– again', 18– agean, 18– ageann (Cumberland),","(EDD Online: \"again, conj. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"again, adv., prep., and conj.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Germanic","Do Not Match","[ A. His cap and pantofles ready... And a candle again you rise, Massinger City Madam (1632) III. i. ME. Aȝeyn this cachereles cometh, Pol. S. 151. Cp. the use of aȝeines in P. Plowman: Aȝeines thi greynes... bigynneth for to ripe, b. xix. 314. B. 1. I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake, Bible Gen. viii. 21. 2. To and again, i.e. to and fro; see Autobiog. of Sir S. D'Ewes II. 353 (Nares). 3. Nay, come again, Good Kate, I am a gentleman, SHAKS. T. Shrew II. i. 217. 5. Ane amerciament of ane fals dome againe said in the Justitiars court, is ten pounds, Skene (N.E.D.).]","[Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian a-jēn , Old Dutch angegin , angegen , anegeginne , Old Saxon angegin , Old High German angegini < the Germanic base of on- prefix + a Germanic base either identical to or related to that of gain adj. (compare gain- prefix).]",null,"B. adv.\n\n4. Of reciprocal action: in return, back. Hence in intensive sense (cf. ‘to ring again').","A. adv.\n\nI. Expressing reversal or reciprocation.\n\n2. a. Into a former condition, state, or situation; once more.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1984,"(Roberts: ","15)","\"Wad yer believe it – t' yan that téuk off turn't up agéan vara next day!\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","8)","\"If thoo wakes hum ugiaan ah'll ut let thu gaa yaam, till thoo'se gitten hum rockt back asleep.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG6,#REF!,AL6,AQ6,AV6)","v":2}]
["ageànn2","[əge·n]",null,null,"β. OE–eME agean, OE–17 (18– regional) agen, lOE–eME agien, eME aȝæien, eME aȝæin, eME agæn, eME aȝæn, eME agaynd, eME aȝeain, eME aȝean, eME ageon, eME aȝeon, eME aȝien, eME agon (Norfolk), eME aiȝein, eME aþein, eME aþen, eME awen, ME aeyn, ME aȝain, ME aȝaine, ME agan, ME aȝan, ME agane, ME aȝane, ME agayen, ME agayene, ME aȝayn, ME aȝayne, ME agaynn, ME agaynne, ME aȝeen, ME aȝeene, ME aȝein, ME aȝeine, ME aȝen, ME agene, ME aȝene, ME aȝenn, ME aȝenne, ME ageyen, ME ageyin, ME aȝeyn, ME aȝeyne, ME ageyng, ME ageynn, ME ageynne, ME aȝeynne, ME aghan, ME aghayne, ME aghene, ME aȝin, ME aȝyan, ME agyn, ME aȝyn, ME agyne, ME aien, ME ayain, ME ayaine, ME ayan, ME ayane, ME ayayn, ME ayayne, ME ayean, ME ayeen, ME ayeene, ME ayeien, ME ayein, ME ayeine, ME ayene, ME ayenn, ME ayenne, ME ayeyen, ME ayeyn, ME ayeyne, ME azayne, ME azeyn, ME ogain, ME oȝain, ME ogaine, ME oȝan, ME ogayn, ME oȝayn, ME ogayne, ME oȝayne, ME ogaynne, ME ogein, ME oȝein, ME oȝeine, ME oȝen, ME oȝeyn, ME ogeyne, ME–15 ageyn, ME–15 ageyne, ME–15 ayen, ME–16 agayn, ME–16 agayne, ME–16 agein, ME–16 ageine, ME–17 againe, ME– again, lME aȝon (Norfolk), lME ayend, lME ayenie, 15 againge, 15 agayin, 15 agayine, 15 agayng, 15 agaynge, 15 akayne, 15–16 againg, 16–17 agin, 17 ughin (nonstandard); Eng. regional 17 agan, 17 agayn, 17 agein, 18 agane (north.), 18 aghayn (Northumberland), 18 aginn, 18– agaan (Yorks.), 18– again', 18– agean, 18– ageann (Cumberland),","(EDD Online: \"again, prep.\")","(OED Online: \"again, adv., prep., and conj.\")","Yes","No","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A",null,"Middle English","Germanic","Do Not Match","[II. 1. Lyk betyng of the see... again the roches holowe, CHAUCER Hous F. 1035.]","[Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian a-jēn , Old Dutch angegin , angegen , anegeginne , Old Saxon angegin , Old High German angegini < the Germanic base of on- prefix + a Germanic base either identical to or related to that of gain adj. (compare gain- prefix).]",null,"II. With v. of motion.\n\n1. Against, in violent contact with.","B. prep. Now regional and nonstandard, esp. in forms agen, agin, agin', etc. (see note in etymology).\nIn Old English with accusative or dative.\n\nI. Expressing position or motion towards or facing something.\n\n4. b. Towards and into contact with; into direct collision with; = against prep. 16.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD specifies \"violent contact,\" whilst OED specifies \"contact.\"",2002,"(Forsyth: ","18)","\"cum Setterda' efterneun thoo'll fin' sum on 'em still spittin' agean th' wind.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG7,#REF!,AL7,AQ7,AV7)","v":1}]
["ahint","[ə-hi·nt]",null,null,"Eng. regional (north. and midl.) 17 ehint (Cumberland and Westmorland), 18– ahent, 18– ahind, 18– ahint","(EDD Online: \"ahind, prep. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"ahind, prep. and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","English by Derivation","Do Not Match","[A-, at (pref.5) + -hind (cp. behind). Cp. ME. at-hinden, OE. æt-hindan: Se cyning fērde him æt-nindan, the King went after them, Chron. a.d. 1016.]","[Formed within English, by derivation. \n\nEtymons: a- prefix3, hind adj.\n\nEtymology: < a- prefix3 + hind adj., perhaps as an alteration of behind adv. Compare earlier afore adv. (beside before adv.).]",null,"1. prep. Of place: at the back or in the rear of; also fig.","regional, and in representations of colloq. and nonstandard speech.\n \nA. prep.\n \n= behind prep.   (in various senses).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","7)","\"T' other passenger was a smart like gentleman, 'at sat ahint his newspaper aw t' time\"","Prose",2002,"(Forsyth: ","1)","\"Ah'll nivver fergit that day! Me ahint the wheel of a Rolls Royce!\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG8,#REF!,AL8,AQ8,AV8)","v":2}]
["ail","[ēl]",null,null,"OE egelian (rare), OE eglan, OE eglian, OE eiglan (rare), OE eiglian (rare), OE iglden (plural past subjunctive, perhaps transmission error), lOE eleð (3rd singular indicative, perhaps transmission error), eME æȝlie, eME eaȝes (3rd singular indicative, transmission error), eME eaȝle, eME eȝelie, eME eȝȝlenn ( Ormulum), eME eȝle, eME eȝlie, eME eili (south-west midl.), eME eilie (south-west midl.), eME eilli (south-west midl.), ME ayel, ME eile, ME eille, ME eylle, ME 16 ale, ME–15 eyle, ME–16 aile, ME–16 ayle, ME– ail,","(EDD Online: \"ail, v.\")","(OED Online: \"ail, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Germanic","Do Not Match","[‘ What can the fool mean?’ said old Richard, ‘what can he ail at the dogs?’ Hogg Tales & Sk. 288. What ayled the O thou see that thou fleddest, Coverdale Ps. cxiv. 5. OE. eglan, to trouble, afflict.]","[Cognate with Gothic agljan to harm (a person) (as simplex only in Mark 16:18; also in the compound usagljan to bother (a person) (Luke 18:5)), and perhaps also Norwegian egle to bait, to goad, to heckle (a person), Danish regional (Jutland) egle to goad, to start an argument, (of the teeth) to hurt, Danish regional (Bornholm) ägla to scold constantly < the same Germanic base as eile adj. Compare ail n.2]",null,"2. To be unwell or suffering in body, to have something amiss with one; to ail away, to dwindle.","4. intr. To be afflicted or affected by something deleteriously, or so as to behave in an undesirable or uncharacteristic manner; to be impaired in health or function; to have something the matter with one. In later use frequently in continuous tenses; cf. also ailing adj.\n\nb. spec. To be, or give signs of being, unwell or in poor health; to be indisposed; (in later use sometimes) to deteriorate in health, to sicken.\n\n","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","16)","\"Oor Methoosaleh an' me nivver tak nowt bit heame meade medicine, an' we've nivver ailed wid onny ov these new-fangled complaints.\"","Prose",1984,"(Roberts: ","16)","\"Ah thowt sum fúolks allus ailed\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG9,#REF!,AL9,AQ9,AV9)","v":2}]
["amang","[əma·ŋ]",null,null,"OE on gemonge, on gemang(e, OE–ME onmang(e, OE–15 amang(e (north. after ME), ME–15 amonge, ME– among, 15– 'mong. North.ME omang, ME– amang","(EDD Online: \"among, prep.\")","(OED Online: \"among, prep. and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A",null,"Middle English","Old English","Do Not Match","[2. Vinello's... are much used among chocolate to perfume it, Dampier Voy. I. 235 (N.E.D.); Bawme helde Among a basket ful of roses, Chaucer Hous F. 1687.]","[originally a phrase, on in + gemang mingling, assemblage, crowd ( < gemengan to mingle, combine: see ming v.1); hence, with a noun in the genitive, ‘in the assemblage or company of ,’ then used prepositionally with dative or accusative. Before 1100, the full on gemang(e was reduced to onmang , whence by regular phonetic gradation amang , among . The simple gemang was also used prepositionally without on , giving later ymong prep., mong n.2 Between among and imong , thus used side by side, arose emong . Modern poets also abbreviate among to 'mong . There was a parallel bimong prep.]",null,"2. In, into; together with; esp. in phr. to mix among, put among.","A. prep. Prim. sign. In the mingling or assemblage of; hence, surrounded by and associated with.\n(Cf. amid adv. and prep., amidst adv. and prep., sometimes loosely used instead.)\n \nI. Of relation between object and objects.\n\n1. a. Of the local relation of a thing (or things) to several surrounding objects with which it is grouped: Surrounded by locally. (With pl. n.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","8)","\"Aah wud rayther work amang the fells an' lakes er be fastened up oalas amang hooses\"","Prose",2006,"(Graham: ","6)","\"Ah wurkt amang them for a year er seah\"","Prose"]
["anaw","[ən ā]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"and all, adv. and conj., prep. phr.\")","(OED Online: \"well, adv. and n.4\" and \"also, adv. and n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English",null,"No OED Etymology","[1. And you and all, & te quoque etiam;... He had lost his faith and all, Perdidisset fidem quoque, Robertson (1693).]",null,"Difficult to accurately record etymology:\n\n\"anaw\" seems to be a compounded variation of the phrase \"as well,\" bearing the same definition and function as the adverb \"also.\"\n\nEtymology from several sources necessary:\n\nMore useful to record as \"English by Variation\" due to the complex history of the word.","1. adv. And everything (else), et cetera. Hence: also,\n besides, in addition.","Phrases\n\nP2. as well.\n \na. Also, in addition; in the same way.\n\nVery similar to \"also, adv.\":\n\n3. Expressing amplification: as a further point, item, or circumstance tending in the same direction; further, in addition, besides, as well, too. Cf. eke adv., too adv. 1.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","5)","\"they reckent it waz varra good treacle anaw\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB11,AG11,AL11,AQ11,AV11)","v":1},"Yes","4, dating between 1706 and 1882",null,"Yes","Cumbrian Spelling Variant"]
["aneuf","[ənu·f]","eneuf, enéugh",null,"Also north.ME Sc. inuch(t, ME–15 ineuch, yneuch, ynewch(t, (15 aneuch(e, -gh, en(n)ewche, 16 æneuche), 17–18 Sc. eneuch, eneugh.","(EDD Online: \"enough, adj. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"enough, adj. (and n.) and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A","EDD does not separate grammatical categories into two definitions.\n\nBoth are lumped together and the reader must infer which grammatical form is being used from the entry's usage examples.",null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English genóg , later genóh , adjective (used in accusative neuter as adverb), corresponding to Old Frisian enôch , Old Saxon ginôg (Dutch genoeg ), Old High German ginuog (Middle High German genuog , genuoc , modern German genug ), Old Norse gnógr (Swedish nog , Danish nok ), Gothic ganôh-s < Old Germanic *ganôgo-z , related to the impersonal verb (preterite-present) Old English geneah , Old High German ginah , Gothic ganah ‘it suffices’, < Old Germanic *ga- (see y- prefix) + *nah, occurring also with different prefix in Old English beneah he enjoys, requires, Gothic binah it is right or needful. The Old Germanic root *nah < Aryan *nak appears also in Latin nancisci (past participle nac-tus) to obtain, Sanskrit naç to reach.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","B. adv. (In modern English enough normally follows an adj. or adv. which it qualifies; in Old English and Middle English it often preceded it, and occasional instances of this order occur in writings of the present century.)\n\n1. a. Sufficiently; in a quantity or degree that satisfies a desire, meets a want, or fulfils a purpose.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"enough, adv.\" It only provides dialect variants and usage examples.",1984,"(Roberts: ","16)","\"God knows, she's common enéugh.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","19)","\"Matt went on his waay, feelin' that mappen he'd larnt eneuf aboot fitba' ta put NICK BARNES oot ov a job.\"","Prose",2006,"(Graham: ","1)","\"When t' weather waz warm enuef n' dry eneuf t'pair on them wad meet up at t' Dial Corner\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL19,#REF!,#REF!,AQ12,AV12)","v":2}]
["anudder",null,"annuther",null,null,null,"(OED Online: \"another, adj. and pron. (and adv.)\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"pronoun","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[originally separately an other (often a nother , rarely a other ), and really two words, = a second , a remaining , a different . In Old English án not being yet weakened to the ‘indef. article,’ óðer was used by itself, as still in the plural other , absolutely others . See other v.]",null,null,"I. A second, further, additional. (Another is distinguished from the other, in that, while the latter points to the remaining determinate member of a known series of two or more, another refers indefinitely to any further member of a series of indeterminate extent; it is not therefore applied to the determinate second of two.)\n\n1. One more, one further; originally a second of two things; subsequently extended to anything additional or remaining beyond those already considered; an additional.\n\na. with n. expressed. (Pl. other.)","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1999,"(Fisher: ","22)","\"Annuther costly item we aw buy, ah'll be boond, is foam for killun midges\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","10)","\"The' shot gags at yan anudder that quick, thoo hed ta keep thi lugs weel cock't, er thoo misst meast on 'em.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG13,#REF!,AL13,AQ13,AV13)","v":2},"Yes","4, dating between 1711 and 1884",null,"Yes","Cumbrian Spelling Variant"]
["apiece","[əpī·s]",null,null,"ME–15 a pece, 15 apece, apesse, 15–16 a peece, a-peece, apeece, 16 a peice, 15– a piece, a-piece, apiece.","(EDD Online: \"apiece, adv.\")","(OED Online: \"apiece, adv.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,"English","English","Match","[Neither have two coats apiece, Bible Luke ix. 3. A piece, for each one piece, hence severally.]","[originally two words, a piece, as to reckon coins, pottery, cloth, etc., at so much a piece; but soon extended to objects of any collection, or individuals of a company; so that no consciousness of the connection with piece is ordinarily retained.]",null,"Severally, to each one.","For each piece, article, thing, or (colloq.) person; each, for each, to each; severally, individually.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","16)","\"Than t' menfwoak frae t'inn pulled ett showlders an' chin, weel t' women tean yah leg apiece.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG14,#REF!,AL14,AQ14,AV14)","v":1}]
["aught","[out]","ought, owt","owt, owte, out","TWO MAIN FORMS LISTED IN OED:\n\nα. eOE aweht, OE awuht, OE awyht, OE–eME aht, OE–eME awiht, OE–ME auht, eME ahct, eME ahte, eME awicht, eME awihht ( Ormulum), eME awihðt, eME awyt, eME haht, eME hawet, ME aght, ME aȝt, ME aȝte, ME ahut, ME auȝt, ME auȝte, ME aut, ME awht, ME awt, ME– aught; Sc. pre-17 aght, pre-17 19– aucht, 17– aught; N.E.D. (1885) also records a form ME auȝht.\n\nβ. OE–eME oht, OE–eME owiht, eME hoht, eME hoþt, eME ogt, eME ohht ( Ormulum), eME ohte, eME ot, eME ougt, eME owhit, ME ȝout (probably transmission error), ME hoght, ME houȝt, ME hout, ME howth, ME ocht, ME ofte, ME oghte, ME ogth, ME oȝt, ME oȝth, ME ohut, ME ough, ME ouguht, ME ouȝt, ME ouȝte, ME ouȝth, ME ouht, ME out, ME oute, ME outh, ME ovght, ME ovt, ME owcht, ME owght, ME owghte, ME owgth, ME owhte, ME owt, ME owte, ME owth, ME owught, ME owyht (in a late copy), ME–15 oght, ME–16 oughte, ME– ought, 15 oft; Eng. regional 17–18 ort (chiefly south-west.), 18 oht, 18 owght; Sc. pre-17 oght, pre-17 oȝt, pre-17 outht, pre-17 owcht, pre-17 owicht, pre-17 oycht, pre-17 17– ought, pre-17 18– ocht, pre-17 18– oucht, 18 och; Irish English (north.) 18– ocht; see also owt pron.","(EDD Online: \"aught, pron., sb.3, adj. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \" aught, pron., adj., and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","pronoun","pronoun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian āwet , owet , aut , āt , ēt , Old Dutch iowiht (Middle Dutch iewet , iet , (with analogical -s ) iets , Dutch iets ), Old Saxon iowiht , eowiht (Middle Low German icht , īt , jēt , gicht ), Old High German iowiht , eowiht , iawiht , iewiht , (with prefixed second element) iogiwiht (Middle High German iht , ieht , iewet , iet , īt , German (now regional) icht )]",null,"1. pron. Anything; any conceivable quantity; anything of worth or value; in phr. or aught it is sometimes redundant.","A. 1. Chiefly in interrogative, negative, and conditional contexts: anything; anything whatever, anything at all, even the least thing.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","16)","\"Neah-body's said owt about it.\"","Prose",1999,"(Fisher: ","20)","\"Ah's nut in need of wurldly goods, nor owt ut 'ard cash buys.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG15,#REF!,AL15,AQ15,AV15)","v":2}]
["awivver",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"however, adv.\")","(OED Online: \"however, adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< how adv. + ever adv. 6.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","3. Qualifying a sentence or clause as a whole: For all that, nevertheless, notwithstanding; yet; = but at the beginning of the sentence.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define adverb, but infers its meaning through presentation of usage examples.",2002,"(Forsyth: ","10)","\"Wativver divv the' larn em i' scheul these days? Nut ta multiply, awivver!\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG16,#REF!,AL16,AQ16,AV16)","v":1}]
["badly",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"badly, adj. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"badly, adv. and adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Derivation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by derivation.\n\nEtymons: bad adj., -ly suffix2.\n\nEtymology: < bad adj. + -ly suffix2.]",null,"Sick, ill, unwell.","B. adj. (chiefly predicative).\n\nChiefly Sc. and Eng. regional. Unwell, in ill health; = poorly adj.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","17)","\"When a coo's badly we just give her a good dose ov brimstone and treacle. An' it mainly cures aw.\"","Prose",2002,"(Forsyth: ","8)","\"They hev' bunches o' greapes on t' seydebwoard, even if neabody's badly.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG17,#REF!,AL17,AQ17,AV17)","v":2}]
["bairn","[beən]","barn (Roberts 1984: 2), baarn",null,"α. OE–ME bearn, ME bern, bærn, (ME byern,) 16 berne, bearn. β. OE–18 barn (ME barrn, barin, ME baron), ME–16 barne. γ. ME–18 bairn","(EDD Online: \"bairn, sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"bairn, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Germanic","Do Not Match","[A barne, infans, Cath. Angl. (1483); Tho this barn was ybore ther blased a sterre, P. Plowman (c.) XXI. 243; Þeformast barn þat sco him bare, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 1051. OE. bearn, a child, a son or daughter.]","[Common Germanic: Old English bearn = Old Frisian bern, Old Saxon, Old High German, Middle High German, Gothic, Old Norse, Danish, Swedish barn, (Middle Dutch baren) < Germanic *barno-(m), < beran to bear. Lost in German and Dutch; also in southern English, where the modern repr. of Old English bearn would have been bern (compare fern) or barn (compare arm, warn). In fact, berne survived in the south to 1300, barn still survives in northern English, and was used by Shakespeare; bairn is the Scotch form (compare fairn, airm, wairn), occasionally used in literary English since 1700. It is doubtful whether the berne, bearn of some 17th cent. English writers was a survival of the early southern form, or a variant spelling of bairn. The plural bærn in Ormin is the Old Norse börn, hence it is probable that the northern singular barn is as much of Old Norse as of Old English origin.]",null,"1. sb. A child.","A child; a son or daughter. (Expressing relationship, rather than age.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Both definitons bear the sense \"minor, youngster, child.\"\n\nOED includes additonal sense of \"belonging to the speaker's family.\"",1953,"(Birkett: ","13)","\"She was tekkin' t' bairns till t' Pantomime.\"","Prose",1999,"(Fisher: ","26)","\"Noo-a-days nowt seems to stritch a baarn's imagination.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG18,#REF!,AL18,AQ18,AV18)","v":2}]
["bait","[bēt]",null,null,"ME–15 bayte, ME beyt, ME–15 bayt, 15 beyte, 15–16 baight, 15–17 baite, 16 bate, ME– bait","(EDD Online: \"bait, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"bait, n.1\" and \"bait, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Multiple Origins","Do Not Match","[1. A bait at an inn, refectio, Coles (1679); Bayt, refrigerium, refectio, Levins Manip. (1570). ON. beit, pasturage.]","[Partly < Old Norse beit (neuter) pasture, beita (feminine) food, especially as used to entice a prey, cognate with Old English bát < food, Middle High German beiz n., beize < hunting; in part directly < bait v.1\n\nbait, v.1\n\nEtymology:  Middle English beȝȝten , beyten , < Old Norse beita to cause to bite (= Old English bǽtan , Old High German, Middle High German beiȥen , Gothic *baitjan ), causative of bíta to bite v.; but in branch III probably directly < bait n.1: compare Old English bátian, < bát bait. With branch I compare Old French beter, also from Old Norse.]",null,"1. Food, a meal; for men and horses.","II. Food generally.\n\n†3. Food, refreshment; esp. a feed for horses, or slight repast for travellers, upon a journey. Still dial. light refreshment taken between meals.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1999,"(Fisher: ","11)","\"She nivver will hev known the thrill, afoor she gaas tu bed, uf putten Phillip's bait up, than finds she's short uf bread.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG19,#REF!,AL19,AQ19,AV19)","v":1}]
["bang2","[baŋ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"bang, v.\")","(OED Online: \"bang, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Scandinavian","Do Not Match","[1. My master beats like any Turk, He bangs me most severely, Carey (c. 1713) Sally in our Alley; To bang or beat, caedere, fustigare, verberare, Robertson Phras. (1693); The desperate tempest hath so bang'd the Turks, SHAKS. Oth. II. i. 21; To bangue, fustigare, Levins Manip. (1570).]\n","[First in 16th cent.; perhaps previously in northern dialect from Scandinavia. Compare Old Norse banga, Old Swedish bånga, to hammer; also Low German bangen, bangeln to strike, beat, German bengel cudgel.]",null,"7. To beat, surpass, excel, outdo.","II.\n\n6. colloq. To ‘beat,’ surpass, excel, outdo.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","6)","\"aah's takkin' mi best black alpaca. Theer'll be neah frocks te bang that, aah'll be bund.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG20,#REF!,AL20,AQ20,AV20)","v":1}]
["bar",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"bar, prep.\")","(OED Online: \"bar, prep.\")","Yes","No","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A",null,null,"Middle English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< bar v., either in imperative, or simple stem; probably after except , save : compare barring prep., excepting, saving.\n\nBar, v.\n\nEtymology: Middle English barre-n , < Old French barre-r (12th cent. in Littré), < barre bar n.1]",null,"Slang. Except.","a. Excluding from consideration, excepting, except, save, but for. bar none, with no exceptions.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","OED","EDD marks \"bar, prep.\" as slang only, rather than a dialectal variant. \n\nAlso, provides a translation defintion which expects the user to understand the meaning of \"except.\"",2002,"(Forsyth: ","6)","\"Ivverybody laff't, bar Matt.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG21,#REF!,AL21,AQ21,AV21)","v":1}]
["barney",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"barney, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"barney, n.\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,null,"1. A disturbance, dispute, altercation.","1. In various dial. and slang uses.\n\nc. A noisy dispute or altercation. Also Austral. and N.Z.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1984,"(Roberts: ","21)","\"But they set ter wark – an' finish't t' job wid a' lot o' barney 'n clatter.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG22,#REF!,AL22,AQ22,AV22)","v":1}]
["beàth",null,null,null,"α. (Chiefly north. in later use) lOE–eME baðe, eME baþen, eME baða, eME baðen, ME baȝ, ME baith, ME baithe, ME bath, ME bathe, ME baþ, ME baþe, ME baye, ME bayhe, ME bayth; Eng. regional (Yorks.) 18 beeath; Sc. pre-17 baetht, pre-17 baicht, pre-17 baithe, pre-17 baitht, pre-17 bathe, pre-17 batht, pre-17 bathte, pre-17 bavth, pre-17 baycht, pre-17 bayt, pre-17 bayth, pre-17 baythe, pre-17 baytht, pre-17 beith, pre-17 beth, pre-17 beyth, pre-17 17 bath, pre-17 17–18 beath, pre-17 17– baeth (now Shetland), pre-17 17– baith, pre-17 (19– Shetland) baid, 19 beeth.","(EDD Online: \"both, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"both, pron., adv., and adj.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","pronoun","Do Not Match","OED",null,"Middle English","English by Compounding","Do Not Match","[1. It turnes bot tille þe bothe, Brunne Chron. (1330) 269. 2. (2) Cp. ME. bothe two. And harlotrye they tolden bothe two, Chaucer C. T. a. 3184.]","[Probably formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: bo adj., tho pron. and adj.\n\nEtymology: Probably partly (i) < bo adj. + tho pron. and adj., specifically as a coalescence of the Old English (feminine and neuter nominative and accusative) forms bā and þā (compare bo adj. Additions for a construction in which this collocation occurred),\n \nand partly (ii) directly < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic báðir , Old Norwegian báði (Norwegian både ), Old Swedish baþir (Swedish båda ), Old Danish bāthæ (Danish baade )), cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian bēthe , beithe , Old Dutch beithe (Middle Dutch beide , bēde , Dutch beide ), Old Saxon bēðia , bēðie , bēðea (Middle Low German beide , beide , beyde ), Old High German beide , bēde (Middle High German beide , bēde , German beide ) < the Germanic base of bo adj. + the Germanic base of tho pron. and adj.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. pron.\n\n1. a. With reference to two things, people, or groups previously specified: the two (without exception); the one as well as the other.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD definition does not define pronominal use of \"both.\" Defintions are as follow:\n\n1. The both, both, the two.\n\n2. In phr. (1) both of it, both of them; (2) both of the two, the couple of them; (3) none of 'em both, neither of them.\n\nNo mention of variant spellings and no mention of any grammatical category other than adj.",1953,"(Birkett: ","15)","\"yeh hed te tell her where yeh were an' what yeh were deuhin' wid beàth words startin' wid seàm letter.\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","8)","\"Time an' t' láal burd béath flew past.\"","Poetry",1984,"(Roberts: ","10)","\"We've beath bin on t' continent, in Spain.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL23,#REF!,#REF!,AQ23,AV23)","v":3}]
["beck","[bek]",null,null,"ME becc, ME–15 bek, ME–16 becke, 16 beke, ME– beck.","(EDD Online: \"beck, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"beck, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Germanic","Do Not Match","[A bek, torrens, riuus, Cath. Angl. (1483); Out of þe water þai gan it ta, And ordand it to be a brig, Ouer a-nother bek to lig, Leg. Holy Rood, ed. Morris, 82; Do til thaim as till iabin in the bek of cyson, Hampole Ps. lxxxii. 8 (c. 1330). ON. bekkr, a brook.]","[< Old Norse bekk-r (Dutch bæk, Swedish bäck), brook, rivulet < Germanic *bakki-z masculine; cognate with *baki-z, whence Old English bęce (masculine), Old Saxon bęki, Middle Dutch bēke, Dutch beek (feminine), and Old High German bah, modern German bach (masculine), also feminine provincially. Gothic preserves no form of this word, which is also unknown beyond Germanic.]","Good example of the difference between EDD and OED's purposes:\n\nEDD provides an etymology for \"beck, n.'s\" route into Cumbrian. The EDD's etymology stops at the language which the Cumbrian dialect borrowed \"beck, n.\" from (Old Norse in this case, cf. Wilkinson 2017: 47 for full discussion).\n\nOED provides complete etymology for \"beck, n.'s\" route into English. The OED's etymology stretches back to the earliest tracable language \"beck, n.\" appears in.\n\nEDD etymologies are concerned with each headword's history in the dialects of English only.\n\nOED etymologies are concered with each headword's history in its entirety (i.e. including all languages the headword interacted with on its progression into Standard English)","1. A brook, a small stream or river.","1. A brook or stream: the ordinary name in those parts of England from Lincolnshire to Cumbria which were occupied by the Danes and Norwegians; hence, often used spec. in literature to connote a brook with stony bed, or rugged course, such as are those of the north country.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","8)","\"T' burd dropped in t' beck, which wass queet full; an' weshed away in t' flood.\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","9)","\"Bailiff snortid, and miadd for t' dooer sayun \"Ah thowt ah'd a rope roond thee neck. Thoo'se fooled mu ugiann, but ah promise thu Sam – ah'll git thu next time thoo'se at t'beck.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(#REF!,#REF!,AL24,AQ24,AV24)","v":2}]
["behint","[bi-i·nt]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"behint, adv. and prep.\")","(OED Online: \"ahind, prep. and adv.\" and \"behind, adv., prep., and n.\")","Yes","Yes","No","unclear",null,"No OED Entry","Neither","EDD entry does not define both grammatical categories of \"behint\" individually.",null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",null,"Neither","OED does not bear an entry for \"behint, adv. and prep.\", nor does \"behint\" appear as a variant in either \"ahind, prep. and adv.\" or \"behind, adv., prep., and n.\"",2006,"(Graham: ","1)","\"There waz two ducks behint a duck\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB25,AG25,AL25,AQ25,AV25)","v":1}]
["bide1",null,null,null,"OE bídan, ME–15 biden, ME– bide","(EDD Online: \"bide, v.\")","(OED Online: \"bide, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Common Germanic","Do Not Match","[ I. 1. What shall I do the while? where bide? how live? SHAKS. Cymb. III. iv. 131; For ire he quook, no lenger wolde he byde, Chaucer C. T. 1576; Bot yeit he baid seuen dais in rest, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 1907. 3. Therfore shall a man leaue hys father and mother, and byde by hys wyfe, Cranmer (1539) Mark x. 7. II. 1. Þe oile o merci most þou bide, Cursor M. 955. 2. Myche baret shall þou bide, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 3483; That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm, SHAKS. K. Lear, III. iv. 29; There is no woman's sides Can bide the beating of so strong a passion, Twelfth Nt. II. iv. 97. OE. bīdan (pt. bād, pp. bidon), to wait.]","[ Common Germanic: Old English bídan (past tense bád , bidon ; participle biden ) = Old Saxon bîdan (Middle Dutch bîden ), Old High German bîtan (Middle High German bîtan , modern dialect German beiten ), Old Norse bíða , Gothic beidan < Germanic *bîdan to wait. Mostly replaced in modern English by its compound abide n., but regularly preserved in northern English and Scots, and also employed by 19th cent. poets, partly perhaps as an archaism, partly as an aphetized form of abide.]",null,"II. Trans. Pret. bade, bode, bude; also bided; pp. bidden, bodden.\n\n 2. To bear, endure, tolerate. Also intrans. Cf. abear, away with.","II. trans.\n\n†9. a. To endure, suffer, bear, undergo; = abide v. 15. Obs. exc. dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1984,"(Roberts: ","22)","\"At last – he could bide it neer langer an said \"Noah – Noah – thoo feul. Maest o' these lot are lads – ga back an' fetch each a boy n' a girl.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG26,#REF!,AL26,AQ26,AV26)","v":1}]
["bit","[bit]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"bit, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"bit, n.2\")","Yes","Yes","No","adjective",null,"No OED Entry","EDD","Seems to stem from OED's defintion for \"bit, n.2\":\n\n\"2.  [This passes into the sense of:] Morsel, small piece (of food), without actual reference to biting. Hence dainty bit, tit-bit, etc.\" (OED Online: \"bit, n.2\")\n\nSense 5 of OED's entry for \"bit, n.2\" comes closer to EDD adjectival sense:\n\n \"5. colloq. A very small measure or degree, a jot, a whit; used adv. in the expressions a bit: a little, somewhat, rather; not a bit: not in the least, not at all; every bit: entirely, quite; a bit much: a little too much (to have to endure); something excessive or very annoying.\" (OED Online: \"bit, n.2\")\n\nHowever, \"bit\" functions as either a noun or an adverb in its usage examples. The distinction is slight, but the OED does not recognises the adjectival sense of \"bit.\"",null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English bita weak masculine, morsel, bit = Old Frisian bita , Old Saxon *bito , (Middle Dutch bete , Dutch beet bit, morsel), Old High German bizzo biting, Middle High German bizze , modern German bisse , bissen piece bitten off, bit, Old Norse biti bit, mouthful (Swedish bit , Danish bid bit, morsel) < Germanic *biton- weak masculine, < bítan to bite.]","OED etymology referenced from \"bit, n.2.\" Sense four is defined as: \"4.a. A small portion or quantity, a little (of anything material or immaterial)\", suggesting the concept of \"smallness\" expressed by the the adjective \"bit\" is borrowed from this sense, then made adjectival.\n\nEDD provides no etymology for \"bit, adj\" or \"bit, sb.1\" (morsel of food, \"smallness\" sense)",null,null,"No EDD or OED Definition",null,"Neither",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","10)","\"A fancy bit thing ahint me giggled\"","Prose",1999,"(Fisher: ","18)","\"It poses a laal bit problem.\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","1)","\"ah stoppt ta hev a bit crack wid her\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(#REF!,#REF!,#REF!,AQ27,AV27)","v":3}]
["body",null,null,null,"15 (18– Eng. regional (north.)) boddy","(EDD Online: \"body, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"body, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Related to, and probably cognate with, Old High German botah, boteh, botec, potah, potach, podech body, corpse, trunk (of the body) (Middle High German botech, early modern German bottich, German regional (Bavarian, Austrian, and Swabian) Bottig, Pottich, Podach, also (in Bavarian and Austrian use) the main body or underpart of a woman's garment); further etymology unknown.]",null,"1. A person, any one, oneself; gen. implying that the person indicated belongs to the humbler classes, or is in some way an inferior.","III. A person.\n\n11. An individual; a person, typically one of a specified type or character. Now regional and colloq.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","8)","\"But aah did see yah body wavin' an old mop aboot.\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","22)","\"When fwoaks hurd t' oald body's sorry téal, boxes an' baskits comm bit road an' réal.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","33)","\"She runs slapbang intill anudder body, leykewise laaden.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL28,#REF!,#REF!,AQ28,AV28)","v":3}]
["bonny","[bo·ni]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"bonny, adj., adv. and int.\")","(OED Online: \"bonny, adj., n.1, and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Of uncertain origin: presumably to be referred in some way to Old French bon , bone ‘good’, or its Middle English naturalized form bon , bone , boone (see boon adj.); but no satisfactory account of the formation can be offered. In Scots the pronunciation is often bōnie/ˈbonɪ/, /ˈboːnɪ/, in Border Counties even /ˈbunɪ/.\nA notable coincidence in form and sense is presented by the Spanish bonito ‘pretty, bonny’, diminutive of bueno ‘good’; but there is no corresponding form in Old French to which Middle English bonie might be referred. And analogy does not much favour the possibility of a derivative form < Middle English bon, bone, good.]",null,"1. adj. Beautiful, handsome, pretty, fine, pleasant to look at.","A. adj.\n\n1. a. Pleasing to the sight, comely, beautiful, expressing homely beauty. Now in common use only in Scotland and north or midland counties of England; occasionally employed, with local or lyrical effect, by English writers, but not a word of ordinary English prose.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","14)","\"what a bonny laal lass\"","Prose",1984,"(Roberts: ","13)","\"they leuk't bonny\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG29,#REF!,AL29,AQ29,AV29)","v":2}]
["bray2","[brē]",null,null,"Also ME–16 braie, braye.","(EDD Online: \"bray, v.1 and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"bray, v.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Middle English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Middle English brayen, < Old French breie-r (modern French broyer), corresponding, according to Diez, to Provençal bregar, Spanish bregar, Italian brigare. Storm would derive the Romanic words from Germanic brek-an to break.]",null,"1. v. To beat; to bruise or grind to powder.","3. To beat, thrash. dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED bears a semantically bleached definition:\n\nFeatures a general verb for \"to beat\" rather than a specific verb referring to the type of beating issued.",1979,"(Cooper: ","15)","\"Jake couldn't néals draw, t' hammer hadn't a claw, an' braying ett t' boards did neah good.\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","25)","\"Than brayed the lot tugither and cawd it \"Building's Farm.\"\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","10)","\"If a offer t' beat carpets, ah's telt ah divvent bray them reet\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL30,#REF!,#REF!,AQ30,AV30)","v":3}]
["byre","[bai·ə(r)]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"byre, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"byre, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Old English","Match","[It was laied to his charge the drivyng of kine hem to his father's byre, Bulleyn Dial. (1573) 4; A byre, cowhouse, bouile, Levins Manip. (1570). OE. bȳre (pl.), ‘mapalia’ (Corpus Gl.).]","[Old English býre , found only in vocabularies and hence of doubtful gender and declension; but perhaps < Old Germanic type *bûrjo(m , derivative of *bûro(m , Old English búr , cottage, dwelling, ‘bower’, < *bū- to dwell: see bower n.1 Not the same word as Old Norse bý-r, bœ-r, Icelandic bær strong masculine ‘farm house’, etc. (in which the final r is merely the nominative ending < *bûi-z, *bôi-z); although from the same root.]",null,"1. A cow-house.","a. A cow-house. Perhaps in Old English times, more generally, ‘a shed’. to muck the byre (Sc.): to take out the dung and cleanse the byre.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","12)","\"Ess quiet ess a moose he crossed ta t' byre, he oppened t' dooer an' sneaked I'seed, an ivvery dairycoo got unteed.\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","25)","\"Thu argued waat tu put up next, some extra wood tu use. A sudden thowt then struck thum, thu'd nee spot tu put awt coos! So thu build a concrete byre\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG31,#REF!,AL31,AQ31,AV31)","v":2}]
["caff","[kaf]",null,null,"OE ceaf, cef, ME chæf, ME chef, (ME cheue, ME chaue), ME cheff, ME–16 chaf, chaffe, ME, 15– chaff; north.ME caf, ME kaf, kaff, kafe, 15 caiff, ME–16 caffe, ME–18 caff.","(EDD Online: \"caff, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"chaff, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. Quhy the corn hes the caff, Douglas Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, iii. 147; We sall drife thaim fra vs, as cafe fra corne, Hampole Ps. (c. 1330) xliii. 7. OE. (Anglian) caf, WS. ceaf, chaff.]","[Old English ceaf , corresponding to Middle Dutch caf (Dutch kaf ), Middle High German, Middle Low German, dialect German kaf neuter, related to Old High German cheva husk, pod, and possibly to a Germanic root kef- gnaw: compare chavel v., jowl n.1 The southern form in Middle English was chef, the midland chaff; the northern caf, caff, still extant; in Scotl. also cauve. Commonly collective.]",null,"1. Chaff, the husk of oats; fig. any light, worthless thing.","5.\n \na. In various fig. or allusive contexts, from sense 1   (Cf. Matt. iii. 12, etc.)\n\n(Sense 1:\n\n1. a. A collective term for the husks of corn or other grain separated by threshing or winnowing.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","20)","\"Aw t' crood than stretid ta cheer an' laff, an' shootid Will wass leet as caff.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG32,#REF!,AL32,AQ32,AV32)","v":1}]
["canny","[ka·ni]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"canny, adj., adv., int.\")","(OED Online: \"canny, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","English","Do Not Match","[1. The fatter benifices ar al amaist distributed cheiflie to nobil menis sones... to wit, quha appeiris to haue the counsel maist cunning, cumlie, and cannie, Dalrymple Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) I. 108. 6. (1) Sa honorable he was in armes,... sa cannilie could handle al kynd of wapne, LESLIE's Hist. Scot. II. 102.]","[A comparatively modern word: not found before 17th cent. Apparently < can v.1 in sense ‘to know how, be able’, or the derived Scots noun can n.1, ‘knowledge, skill’ + -y suffix1: compare Swedish kunnig. Canny, conny, thus originally was nearly = cunnand, cunning in its primary sense. But it has developed an extensive series of meanings, two or three of which are in common use in English literature to denote qualities considered characteristically Scottish. It is also current in the North of England as far south as Lancashire and the Humber, but in senses more or less distinct from the Scotch.]","OED is wrong. OED states there is no evidence of the adjective \"canny\" before the 17th Century, but the EDD includes a usage example from the late 16th Century.","6. Agreeable, pleasant, nice, good; comely, dainty. Applied as a gen. term of approbation or affection to persons and things.","9. Agreeable to the eyes or perception, tidy, seemly, comely; good, worthy, ‘nice’, very satisfactory. In the north of England (in some parts pronounced conny) a general epithet of approbation or satisfaction, as in ‘Canny Newcastle’, ‘the Canny Town’. In N. Lancashire, ‘of good size or amount’. (Cf. the vulgar ‘a tidy bit of money’, and the like.) Not a Scottish sense.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","7)","\"Noo, Methoosaleh doesn't like unnaturalness in a woman, an' neyther div aah, but for aw that she was a canny lass\"","Prose",2006,"(Graham: ","6)","\"It waz a canny day\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG33,#REF!,AL33,AQ33,AV33)","v":2}]
["cap",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"cap, v.1\")","(OED Online, \"cap, v.1\" and \"cap, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb",{"$f":"IF(AND(K34=\"\", L34=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Entry\",IF(K34=L34, \"Match\",IF(K34=\"\",\"No EDD Entry\", IF(L34=\"\",\"No OED Entry\",\"Do Not Match\"))))","v":"Match"},"N/A",null,null,"Latin",{"$f":"IF(AND(P34=\"\", H34=\"No\", I34=\"No\"), \"No EDD Entry\",IF(AND(P34=\"\", Q34=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Etymology\", IF(P34=Q34, \"Match\", IF(P34=\"\", \"No EDD Etymology\", IF(Q34=\"\", \"No OED Etymology\",\"Do Not Match\")))))","v":"No EDD Etymology"},null,"[< \"cap, n.1\"\n\nOld English cæppe , < late Latin cappa ‘cap’ (Italian cappa , Provençal capa , Spanish capa , Portuguese capa , Old North French and Picard cape , French chape , all meaning ‘cloak, cape, or cope’).]",null,"11. To puzzle, perplex.","4. b. dial. To pass the comprehension of; to puzzle, bring to one's wit's end.",{"$f":"IF(AND(V34=\"\", W34=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Definition\", IF(V34=\"\", \"OED Definition Only\", IF(W34=\"\", \"EDD Definition Only\", IF(AND(H34=\"Yes\",V34=\"Unclear, see notes\"), \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\", \"EDD and OED Definition\"))))","v":"EDD and OED Definition"},"Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","8)","\"Then aah went till t' waxworks. […] Ah was fairli capped which man te give mi tickets\"","Prose",2002,"(Forsyth: ","10)","\"Thoo cud tell him anny teall, an' he wad be reet in theer ta cap it wid anudder.\"","Prose",2006,"(Graham: ","11)","\"But wat meade them start ta build on yen a these days caps me, ah reckon yah days as good as anuther till a crow.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL34,#REF!,#REF!,AQ34,AV34)","v":3}]
["cart",null,null,null,"ME–16 carte, (ME karte, ME kart), 15 ( charte), Sc. cairt, ME– cart.",null,"(OED Online: \"cart, v.\" and \"cart, n.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"verb","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Old English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< cart, n.\n\nOld English, had cræt neuter, plural cratu , apparently related to Dutch krat neuter ‘hind part of a cart’ (which is, however, only modern Dutch and suspected to be of recent adoption). Some compare Old High German cratto , crezzo , masculine, Middle High German kratte , kretze (masculine and feminine) basket, hamper, panier, modern German dialect krätze (feminine), basket (compare crate n.1), and suppose that Old English cræt was prop. a cart of basketwork, but of this there is no actual evidence. Old Norse had kart-r masculine ‘cart’, generally considered to be cognate with the Old English word; and since the Middle English was always cart(e, and never crat, its direct source appears to have been the Old Norse, rather than the Old English word.]",null,null,"1. e. trans. fig. To carry as in a cart, to convey (something heavy or cumbersome) over a long distance or with considerable effort; to carry or take unceremoniously. Frequently with advbs., as about, away, off, etc. colloq.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1984,"(Roberts: ","1)","\"Fancy cartin' a babby till oor hoose wen me mam's abed wid t' flu.\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","5)","\"he howkt some clay oot, then cartid it in n' put it intilt a setpot\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG35,#REF!,AL35,AQ35,AV35)","v":2},"Yes","5, dating between 1864 and 1898","Featured in magzines such as Punch ; recognised as slang.","No","colloq."]
["chow",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"chow, v.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"verb","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"English by Variation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Variant of chew v.]",null,null,"Now Eng. regional (north. and midl.) and Sc.\n \ntrans. and intr. = chew v.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","22)","\"Meece […] chowin' wohls under t' pantry dooer\"","Poetry",1984,"(Roberts: ","11)","\"Ah wes chowin' away at me last bit o' toast\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","5)","\"Then t' Dean sat hissel doon, an' t' rest ov' 'em sat chowwin' wattivver the' used fer pencils I' them daays - bit neaboddy cu's forret wid anny nwoshon.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL36,#REF!,#REF!,AQ36,AV36)","v":3},"Yes","5, dating between 1773 and 1889",null,"No","Eng. regional (north. and midl.) and Sc."]
["clag","[klag]",null,null,"Also ME–16 clagge","(EDD Online: \"clag(g), v. and sb\")","(OED Online: \"clag, v.\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Danish","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[4. In thair muk to clag and fyle thame selfe, Dalrymple Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) II. 462. 6. Da. klagge, sticky mud (Dansk Ordbog). 10. The Erle fled in Ingland for sum clags layd til his chairge, Dalrymple LESLIE's Hist. Scot. 169.]","[Not traced beyond the 15th cent.: perhaps of Norse origin, compare Danish klag , klagge , sticky mud, clay, klæg , klæget viscous, glutinous, sticky, which point to the same origin as Old English clæg , clay n. There may have been some subseq. association with clog; but in localities where clag is indigenous, it is kept quite distinct fromclog.]",null,"2. To clog, cover with mud or any adhesive substance; to impede progress, obstruct. Also used fig.","2. To clog by bedaubing with anything sticky and tenacious, as miry clay, glue, toffee, etc.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","19)","\"aah just splash mi feace wi' good cold watter an' nivver clag up t' pores wid sec-like trash.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG37,#REF!,AL37,AQ37,AV37)","v":1}]
["clart","[klāt]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"clart, sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"clart, v.\")","Yes","Yes","No","verb",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,null,"10. To do anything in a sloppy, slatternly way, to trifle, bungle over work; to idle, waste time. Gen. with about.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD","OED does not recognise the \"to work sloppily\" sense of \"clart, v.\"",1953,"(Birkett: ","8)","\"It was sec a change frae clartin' aboot t' farm oalas\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG38,#REF!,AL38,AQ38,AV38)","v":1}]
["clash","[klaʃ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"clash, sb.1 and v.\")","(OED Online: \"clash, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Early Modern English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[This and the associated verb are first found about 1500, and appear to be onomatopoeic; arising, in the main, from instinctive association with classes of pre-existing echoic words. The initial element is that of clap, clack, etc.; the final that of dash, splash, smash, swash, etc., or perhaps a direct imitation of the element of sound common to these. Clash thus suggests an action produced in the same way as a clap or clack, which, instead of abruptly ending like these, is broken down as it were into, and results in, a mingled mass of smashing or rustling sounds. A parallel relation exists in crack, crash, perhaps in smack, smash, and in the dialect swack, swash; compare also bash, blash, brash, as instances of words having a kindred element of form and signification. There is no phonetic relation between clack and clash; i.e. no way by which -ash could have been developed (in English) out of -ack by the mere operation of phonetic processes.]",null,"8. Gossip, tittle-tattle, scandal.","6. a. Chatter, idle talk; the country talk; an item of gossip (generally malicious). Sc. and north. dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","22)","\"Aah thowt t' fwok were nobbut feals te listen te that clash.\"","Prose",2002,"(Forsyth: ","1)","\"Joe Mattocks cums up this mwornin' makkin' a greet clash.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG39,#REF!,AL39,AQ39,AV39)","v":2}]
["clatter",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"clatter, sb.1 and v.\")","(OED Online: \"clatter, v.\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Old English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English clatrian (in clatrunge), corresponding to Middle Dutch and Dutch klateren to rattle, clatter, babble, East Frisian klatern, klattern, Low German klāteren, dialect German klattern, klättern; of onomatopoeic origin. In German and Dutch the word is synonymous with klapper(e)n, klepper(e)n. The order of senses is uncertain: compare the n.]",null,"6. v. To rattle, make a noise, work in a noisy manner.","1. c. To move rapidly with such a noise, to rattle along, down, over, etc.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD defintion is for noisy workmanship, not noisy movement. Slight difference, but important.\n\nBirkett's (1953: 22) usage example makes use of \"noisy movement\" sense.",1953,"(Birkett: ","22)","\"A body with a lock o' curls hingin' aboot her broo clattered up till t' fire\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","13)","\"Fadder got wakendt widf aw t'  noise an' clatter.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG40,#REF!,AL40,AQ40,AV40)","v":2}]
["clocker","[klo·kər]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"clocker, sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"clocker, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"[English by Compounding: < clock v.2 + -er suffix1.]",null,"1. A sitting or broody hen. See Clock, v.2","north. dial.\n\nA clocking or sitting hen.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","6)","\"For t' egg to reet it wad need a clocker\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB41,AG41,AL41,AQ41,AV41)","v":1}]
["clog","[klog]",null,null,"Also ME–16 clogge, (ME cloge), 16 clogg.","(EDD Online: \"clog, sb.2, v.2, v.3\")","(OED Online: \"clog, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[1. Wooden clogs, soleae ligneae, Coles (1679).]","[Known since 14th cent.; derivation obscure.]",null,"1. sb. A shoe with a wooden sole, gen. of alder-wood, strengthened with iron at the heels and edges; a wooden shoe.","6.  \n\n(a) A wooden-soled overshoe or sandal worn (chiefly by women) in some localities, to protect the feet from wet and dirt;  \n\n(b) a shoe with a thick wooden sole protected by a rim of metal, worn in the north.  [Probably the name belongs originally to the thick wooden sole alone: compare clog v. 9]","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Initially thought to be a general use of the noun \"clog,\" meaning \"shoes.\" However, no mention of this sense in OED or EDD, so \"wooden-soled shoe\" sense prevails.\n\nEDD definition particularly well-reflected in usage example from Farrall (1893: 19).\n\n\"eller wood\" = elder wood, used in the manufacture of \"clog swols\" (clog soles).",2006,"(Graham: ","3)","\"wid oot any warning t' swole a me clog splat reet across.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB42,AG42,AL42,AQ42,AV42)","v":1}]
["close","[klōs]",null,null,"ME–15 clos, ME– close. Also ME cloos, ME cloyse, clooce, ME–16 closse, 18 dial. Clos","(EDD Online: \"close, sb.\")","(OED Online: \" close, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Latin","Do Not Match","[2. Clos, a close or field inclosed, COTGR.; Syr soweddest not thou good seed in thy close (‘closse’ in Tindale), Geneva (1557) Matt. xiii. 27. 7. A þre hedet hounde... was keper of the close of þat curset In, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 301.]","[< French clos < Latin clausum closed place, enclosure. Pronunciation and spelling as in the adjective.]",null,"1. An enclosure, a place fenced in.","I.\n\n1. a. gen. An enclosed place, an enclosure.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","7)","\"There's a garridge […], farm hooses an' cottiges, an' a laal clwose o' cooncil hooses.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG43,#REF!,AL43,AQ43,AV43)","v":1}]
["collar",null,null,null,"ME–15 coler, ME–16 coller, ME–15 colar, ME– collar;","(EDD Online: \"collar, sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"collar, v.\" and \"collar, n.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"verb","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Middle English coler , < Anglo-Norman coler = Old French colier (later collier ) = Provençal colar , Spanish collar , Italian collare < Latin collāre , < collum neck: see -ar suffix1 2. By successive approximations to the Latin, coler has become collar.]",null,null,"4. trans. To seize or take hold of (a person) by the collar; more loosely: To capture. In Football: To stop an opponent who is running with the ball.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED","EDD includes five entries for \"collar, v.\",  none of which bear any resemblance to \"to capture\" sense. Consult:\n\n8. v. To harness or put the collar on a colt for the first\n time. Also fig. to bring up a child to work.\n\n9. Of the belt or band of a machine: to get entangled\n round the shafting.\n\n10. Obs. To hoop.\n\n11. To repair thatch along the ridge of the roof.\n\n12. In phr. To collar the mag, to throw a quoit with such\n precision as to surround the plug.",2002,"(Forsyth: ","6)","\"Only bit ov entertainment the've hed theer o' leate […] wes a stray dog an' Gor Bon […] referee an' pollis aw hed a ga afoor the' collar't it.\"","Prose",2006,"(Graham: ","12)","\"Efter he hed gitten his dinner, he collert his two bwoys n' promised them aw swoarts a things if they wad cart aw logs intilt stick hoose\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG44,#REF!,AL44,AQ44,AV44)","v":2},"Yes","3, dating between 1713 and 1834",null,"Yes","Diffused into Cumbrian"]
["cop","[kop]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"cop, v.4 and sb.3\")","(OED Online: \"cop, v.3\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Variation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Perhaps a broad pronunciation of cap v.2 (Old French caper to seize); in nearly all North English glossaries; and now of general diffusion in the slang of schoolboys, criminals, policemen, etc.]",null,"2. To steal.","north. dial. and slang.\n\nb. To steal.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","18)","\"It's nea gud at aw if t' player dissn't cop aboot six yards, owther bi gaan direc'\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG45,#REF!,AL45,AQ45,AV45)","v":1}]
["crack3","[krak]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"crack, sb.1, v., adj.\")","(OED Online: \"crack, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Goes with crack v. The noun is not known in Old English, but corresponding forms occur early in the cognate languages: Old High German chrac, dialect German krack, Dutch krak, and Old High German *chrah, Middle High German and German krach, Middle Dutch crak (dative crāke), modern Dutch kraak, East Frisian krak and krâk. Compare also French crac (in Cotgrave 1611), similarly related to craquer.\n\ncrack, v.:\n\nCommon Germanic: Old English cracian ( < *krakôjan ) = Old High German krachôn , chrahhôn , Middle High German and modern German krachen , Middle Dutch crāken , modern Dutch and Low German kraken . Modern Dutch has also a by-form krakken , dialect High German kracken < Old Low German krakkôn . Compare also French craquer , cracquer in same sense (16th cent.), perhaps < German.]",null,"3. An instant, moment, short space of time, ‘jiffy,’ trice. Gen. in phr. in a crack. In gen. colloq. use.","orig. An imitation of the sharp sound caused by the sudden breaking of anything hard; whence, I. any sharp dry sound, II. a break or breaking of various kinds, with III. sundry transferred applications.\n\nI. Of sound.\n * inarticulate.\n\n2. a. The time occupied by a crack or shot; a moment, instant. in a crack: in a moment, immediately (cf. in a twinkle at twinkle n. 2). colloq.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","5)","\"Them jars went like snaw off a dyke. They war aw gone in a crack.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB46,AG46,AL46,AQ46,AV46)","v":1}]
["cuddy","[ku·di]",null,null,"Also cuddie","(EDD Online: \"cuddy, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"cuddy, n.3\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Of uncertain derivation: the senses here grouped may be distinct in origin: sense 2 is perhaps from Gaelic.\n\nIn sense 1, a word of the same homely status in Scotch as donkey is in English, for which written evidence begins only in the 18th cent. It has been plausibly conjectured to be the same word as Cuddy, a familiar diminutive of Cuthbert in some parts of the north. Compare the analogous application of Neddy, Dicky, to an ass; but unlike these, cuddy has, now at least, no conscious connection with the proper name, being, like donkey, simply a common noun. The Gypsy origin conjectured by Jamieson has no basis in fact; there is no name for the donkey common to the Rommany dialects, and the Scottish Gypsy term is eizel from German.]",null,"1. An ass, donkey. Cf. cud, sb.3","Chiefly Sc.\n1. a. A donkey. (Also cuddy ass.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","5)","\"The'd play a geam caw'd 'Pinning t' téal on a Cuddy.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG47,#REF!,AL47,AQ47,AV47)","v":1}]
["deal","[diəl]",null,null,"OE–ME dǽl, (OE dael), ME–15 del, ME deel, delle, ME–15 dell, ME–16 dele, ME deyll, ME–15 deele, deill(e, 15 deyle, ( daill), ME–16 deale, 15 deall, 15– deal.","(EDD Online: \"deal, sb.1 and v.\")","(OED Online: \"deal, n.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Common Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. Prede is þ dyeules oȝe doȝter þet heþ grat del ine his kende, Ayenbite (1340) 17. 2. What a deal of brine Hath wash'd thy sallow cheeks, SHAKS. R. & J. n. iii. 69.]","[A common Germanic noun: Old English dǽl , corresponding to Old Frisian dêl , Old Saxon dêl (Middle Dutch, Dutch deel , Middle Low German del , deil , Low German deel , dêl ), Old High German, Middle High German, modern German teil , Gothic dail-s < Old Germanic *daili-z : compare Lithuanian dalìs , Old Church Slavonic dêlŭ part, dêlitĭ to divide. Beside the form dǽl (with ǽ umlaut of á = Old Germanic ai ), Old English had also, without umlaut, dâl , whence dole n.1 and dale n.2]",null,"2. A quantity, number, a great deal, gen. in phr. a deal of, or a deal, followed by a comparative. Also used advb.","I. A part, portion, amount\n\n4. a deal is used pregnantly for a good or great deal, etc.; an undefined, but considerable or large quantity (rarely number); a ‘lot’. colloq.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","5)","\"He then rendert it doon, aboot fower er five gallon, which waz a deal better than just a pan full at a teyme.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB48,AG48,AL48,AQ48,AV48)","v":1}]
["diddle","[di·dl]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"diddle, v.3 and sb.3\")","(OED Online: \"diddle, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[apparently a parallel form to didder v., the formative suffixes -le suffix and -er suffix1 being somewhat akin in their force, though the former is more strictly diminutival. Compare daddle n., daidle n.; there are evident analogies both of form and sense between didder, dadder, diddle, daddle.]",null,"1. v. To jog up and down, to make short motions and turns as in fiddling.","2. intr. To move from side to side by jerks; to shake, quiver.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Roughly the same sense of \"to move jerkily, to quiver.\"",1953,"(Birkett: ","11)","\"her silk pinny strings was diddlin' in t' watter an' makkin sec a slatter-up efter her.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG49,#REF!,AL49,AQ49,AV49)","v":1}]
["digby",{"$nulls":6},"No",null,"No",null,null,"No EDD or OED Entry","Neither","noun",null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,"No trace of Dickinson (1859), Fergusson (1873) or EDD. \n\nOnly Prevost (1905: 60) mentions it in his Supplement to the Glossary of the Dialect of Cumberland. He includes a usage example dating to 1904 along with the definition:\n\n\"A 'governess' pony carriage; name is local and of modern introduction\" (my bold).\n\nThis suggests that the noun \"digby\" was introduced in first four years of the twentieth century and missed by Wright during the compilation of the EDD due to its marginalness.",null,null,"No EDD or OED Definition",null,"Neither","Neither EDD nor OED include a defintion for \"digby, n.\" The following is suggested by Presvost (1905: 60):\n\n\"A 'governess' pony carriage.\"",1953,"(Birkett: ","21)","\"Methoosaleh yokked powney intill t' laal digby an' off we went.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG50,#REF!,AL50,AQ50,AV50)","v":1}]
["dummelheed",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"dummel, sb. and adj.\")","(OED Online: \"dummel, adj. and n.\")","Yes","Yes","No","noun",null,"No OED Entry","EDD","OED provides an entry for \"dummel, n.\" defined as \"a dumb person; a stupid, dull person.\"\n\nHowever, it does not recognise \"dummelheed as neither a headword nor a compound.","Low German","English by Derivation","Do Not Match","[1. A dumel, stupidus, Levins Manip. (1570). LG. dummel, ‘ein Zustand der Betäubung, der Schlaftrunkenheit, des Taumelns, Wirrseins’ (Berghaus).]","[apparently a derivative of dumb adj. and n., with the more general sense seen in German dumm, Dutch domm.]",null,"1. sb. A dolt, blockhead, sluggard; a slow animal; useless, awkward thing.\n\nHence (1) Dummel-head, sb. (a) a blockhead; a clumsy, awkward fellow","dial.\n\nB. n. \n \nA dumb person; a stupid, dull person.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD definition is favoured because it defines the noun \"dummelhead\" and not the noun \"dummel.\"",1984,"(Roberts: ","2)","\"But a babby – it's nobbut a dummelheed.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG51,#REF!,AL51,AQ51,AV51)","v":1}]
["dyke","[daik]",null,null,"OE–ME díc, ME dik, ME dick, ME–16 dyk, ME–18 dike, dyke, 15 dyik, dycke, 16 dicke, deeke, 16–18 deek, 17 (dial.) dick.","(EDD Online: \"dike, sb. and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"dike | dyke, n.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"OE/ON","Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. OE. dīc, a ditch, ON. dīk. Thames The King of dykes! Pope Dunciad (1728) 11. 261. 6. Victor commandet to erecte the dyk betuene Abircorne and clyd mouth;... it is ȝit called Grames Dyke, Dalrymple Leslie's Hist. Scotl. (1596) I. 203. MDu. dijc, an embankment (Verdam). 9. A maner dyk off stanys thai had maid,Wallace (1488) III. 133. II. This dike or causey, Goldsmith Nat. Hist. (1774) I. vi. v.]","[Old English díc masculine and (especially in later use) feminine, ditch, trench, cognate with Old Saxon, Old Frisian dîk (masculine), mound, dam, Middle Dutch dijc mound, dam, ditch, pool, Dutch dijk dam; Middle Low German dîk , Low German dîk , diek dam, Middle High German tîch pond, fishpond, German teich pond, also (from Low German) deîch embankment; Icelandic dík , díki neuter ditch, fishpond, Swedish dike ditch, Danish dige dam, embankment, formerly also ‘ditch’. The application thus varies between ‘ditch, dug out place’, and ‘mound formed by throwing up the earth’, and may include both. The Old English díc has given ditch as well as dike , and the conditions under which the two forms severally have arisen are not clear: compare like n.2 The spelling dyke is very frequent, but not etymological.]",null,"6. The bank of earth thrown out in making a ditch; a bank of earth thrown up as a fence between enclosures.","II. An embankment, wall, causeway.\n\n5. ‘A bank formed by throwing the earth out of the ditch’ (Bosworth).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","4)","\"he sits his sell doon aback et dyke in t' shade n' set ta wark n' charges his pipe.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB52,AG52,AL52,AQ52,AV52)","v":1}]
["famish",null,null,null,"OED does not recognise Cumbrian variant spelling/ pronunciation.",null,"(OED Online: \"famous, adj.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"adjective","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< Anglo-Norman famous, Old French fameus (modern French fameux ), < Latin fāmōsus , < fāma : see fame n.1 and -ous suffix]",null,null,"5. Used (chiefly colloq.) as an emphatic expression of approval: Excellent, grand, magnificent, splendid, ‘capital’.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","10)","\"Ted tells Eric: \"D' you know, I left Carlisle at half-past-six this morning.\" - an' Eric dis his famish twiddle wid his specs an' replies: \"I don't blame you!\"\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG53,#REF!,AL53,AQ53,AV53)","v":1},"Yes","4, dating between 1798 and 1890",null,"No","colloq."]
["famished",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"famished, adj.\" and \"famish, v.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"adjective","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< famish v. + -ed suffix1.]",null,null,"In senses of the vb. Also in comb., as famished-looking adj.\n\n< famish, v.\n\n1. trans. To reduce to the extremities of famine and hunger; to starve. Also, †to famish away.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","13)","\"Martha lass […] aah's fair famished. We'll hev a real good fry up when we git yam.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG54,#REF!,AL54,AQ54,AV54)","v":1},"Yes","4, dating between 1781 and 1877",null,"Yes","Diffused into Cumbrian"]
["fash1","[faʃ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"v.2, sb.5, adj.2\")","(OED Online: \"fash, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"French","French","Match","[1. The Veanis war sa faschit be continuall ambicioun,\n Bellenden Livy (1533) 393. Fr. fascher (mod.Fr. fâcher), to\n annoy, trouble (COTGR.).]","[< Old French fascher (French fâcher).]",null,"1. v. trans. To trouble, afflict; to inconvenience, vex, annoy by importunity, to weary; also used refl. to trouble oneself, bother.\n","1. trans. To afflict, annoy, trouble, vex. Also, to give trouble to, bother, weary. Also refl. and to fash one's beard, to fash one's head, to fash one's thumb: to take trouble.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","9)","\"aah nobbut spok t' truth, seàh aah's nut fashin' misel.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG55,#REF!,AL55,AQ55,AV55)","v":1}]
["feal","[fiəl]",null,null,"OED does not recognise Birkett's (1953: 20) spelling, \"feal.\" Consult the following:\n\nME faile-n, (ME faylen), ME fail(l)i, ME–15 faille(n, faylle, ME–16 faile, (ME vaile), fayle, fayly, ME–15 faly(e, (ME failly, fal(l)e, feile, 15 feyle, faeille, 16 faill, fall), ME– fail. Sc.ME–15 failȝe (15–16 printed failze), (15 falȝe, 16 failyie), faillie.","(EDD Online: \"fail, v., adj. and sb.3\")","(OED Online: \"fail, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< Old French faillir to be wanting, miss (modern French faillir to miss, falloir (impersonal) to be wanting, to be necessary) = Provençal faillir, falhir, Old Spanish fallir (in modern Spanish replaced by the derivative form fallecer, < Latin type *fallescĕre), Catalan fallir, Old Portuguese falir (modern Portuguese falecer), Italian fallire < vulgar Latin *fallīre (for classical Latin fallĕre to deceive), used absol. in sense ‘to disappoint expectation, be wanting or defective.’ The Old French verb was adopted in Middle High German vêlen (modern German fehlen), Dutch feilen, Old Norse feila.]",null,"1. v. To decline in strength, grow weak; to break down, become exhausted. Gen. in pp.","I. To be or become deficient.\n\n2. a. To become exhausted, come to an end, run short. Const. dat. of the person; also, †of, from (a place, receptacle).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","20)","\"Aah, wad like te know, doctor, what te deuh for my old man. He's sair fealed lately.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG56,#REF!,AL56,AQ56,AV56)","v":1}]
["fell2","[fel]",null,null,"ME–15 felle, ME– fell, 15–16 fel.","(EDD Online: \"fell, sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"fell, n.3\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Early Scandinavian","Do Not Match","[1. In frith and fell Saul soght dauid for to quell, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 7697. ON. fjall, a mountain.]","[< early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic fjall, Old Swedish fiäl (Swedish fjäll), Old Danish feld (Danish fjæld, fjeld), all in senses ‘mountain’ and ‘elevated stretch of land’, in Danish also in sense ‘rock’), probably (with consonantal assimilation *-lz- > -ll-) < a different ablaut grade of the same Germanic base as Old High German felis, fels rock, cliff, large stone (Middle High German vels, German Fels rock) < a different ablaut grade (o-grade) of the same Indo-European base as (with zero-grade) Early Irish all cliff.]",null,"1. A hill, mountain; high, open, untilled ground; a moor, moorland.","Chiefly Brit.\n\n1. A hill, a mountain, (in later use) esp. one in the north-west of England.\n\nAlso (and now chiefly) in topographical names in the north-west of England: see etymological note.\n \nNot always clearly distinguishable from sense 2, but (now esp. in the context of hill walking) generally applied to a named prominence which may be distinguished from its surroundings, even in an upland area.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","23)","\"The' wass Purshins, Simese an' tortishell, an' a wildcat thet wass fund on top uv a fell.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG57,#REF!,AL57,AQ57,AV57)","v":1}]
["fettle2","[fe·tl]",null,null,"ME–15 fettel, ME–16 fetle, (ME fettil, fetyl), ME–15 fetel(e, 18 dial. fottle, ME– fettle.","(EDD Online: \"fettle, sb.1, v.1, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"fettle, n.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Middle English","Old English","Do Not Match","[ME. fetlen, to make ready.]","[Possibly < Old English fętel, fettle n.1; the primary sense would then be ‘to gird up’.]",null,"1. sb. Condition, state; order, repair; esp. in phr. in fettle, in good fettle, &c.; fig. temper, humour.","1. Condition, state, trim; in phr. (to be) in (good, high, etc.) fettle. Also in pl. the points, ‘ins and outs’ (of anything); but this may belong to fettle n.1","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","21)","\"He mun gah an' see the' got the'r feed an' wattivver else thet wheet meece need, ta keep the'r fettle reet.\"","Poetry",1984,"(Roberts: ","16)","\"I hope thee fettle' nut si bad\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","3)","\"Well! Hoo's thee fettle taday then Joe?\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL58,#REF!,#REF!,AQ58,AV58)","v":3}]
["feúl","[fūl]",null,null,"ME fol, (ME folle), ME–15 fole, (ME foyl), ME–15 foule(e, (ME fowle), ME–16 foole, (15 foolle), ME–18 Sc. fule, ME–15 full(e, ME–16 Sc. fuil(l, -yll, (ME fwle), ME– fool, 15 south. vool, 15 Sc. fuyl.","(EDD Online: \"fool, sb., adj.\")","(OED Online: \"fool, n.1 and adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old French","Latin","Do Not Match","[5. Qui did þou þus, þou fole womman? Cursor M. (c. 1300) 886. OFr. fol, foolish (La Curne).]","[Middle English fōl noun and adjective, < Old French fol noun and adjective (modern French fou noun, insane person, madman, fou adjective masculine, before vowel fol, feminine folle), corresponding to Provençal fol, folh, Italian folle < Latin follem, follis, lit. ‘bellows,’ but in late popular Latin employed in the sense of ‘windbag,’ empty-headed person, fool.]","EDD recognises Old French as origin of \"feul, n.\" in English dialects.\n\nPossible that the word was transferred into the dialects of English via Old French.","Unclear, see notes","A. n.1\n\n1. a. One deficient in judgement or sense, one who acts or behaves stupidly, a silly person, a simpleton. (In Biblical use applied to vicious or impious persons.)","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","No definition for \"feul, n.\" in the EDD. Meaning inferred by compounds and usage examples.",1953,"(Birkett: ","23)","\"T' Cumbrian Literary Group. Gox-on, bit aah nivver thowt we hed sec feuls in Cumberland.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG59,#REF!,AL59,AQ59,AV59)","v":1}]
["fisslement",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"fissle, v., sb. and adj.\"","(OED Online: \"fissle | fistle, v.\")","No",null,"No",null,null,"No EDD or OED Entry","Neither","noun\n\nNominalised variant of the verb \"fissle\": \n\nTo make a slight continued noise; to rustle; to move with such a noise.\n\nHence:\n\nA slight continued noise, a rustle.",null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",null,"Neither","No definition provided for \"fisslement\" by Dickinson (1859), Fergusson (1873) or Prevost (1899, 1905). OED definition for \"fissle, v.\":\n\nTo make a slight continued noise; to rustle; to move with such a noise.\n\nIn addition, both Dickinson (1859: 38) and Fergusson (1873: 43) define the variant \"fizzle, v.\" as: \n\n\"to work busily but ineffectually.\"\n\nHence, fisslement could be defined as:\n\n\"A slight continued noise, a rustle brought about by busy but inffectual work\"",1953,"(Birkett: ","22)","\"A body with a lock o' curls hingin' aboot her broo clattered up till t' fire […]. Sec a fisslement that body mead.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG60,#REF!,AL60,AQ60,AV60)","v":1}]
["fixiate",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"asphyxiate, v.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"verb","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed as asphyxial adj. + -ate suffix3.\n\nasphyxial, adj. < asphyxiate < modern Latin, < Greek ἀσϕυξία , < ἀ priv. + σϕύξις pulse (whence also asphyxis has occasionally been used).]","Loss of initial \"as\" and use of variant \"f\" in place of \"ph\" in Cumbrian dialect. Sense remains the same.",null,"To affect with asphyxia, to suffocate.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","13)","\"Some feul's left the gas turned on! We'll aw be fixiated.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG61,#REF!,AL61,AQ61,AV61)","v":1},"Yes","2, dating between 1835 and 1866",null,"Yes","Cumbrian Spelling Variant"]
["flay1",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"afraid, adj. and n.\")","No",null,"No",null,null,"No EDD or OED Entry","Neither","adjective",null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,"Possible etymology: English by conversion.",null,null,"No EDD or OED Definition",null,"Neither","Neither EDD nor OED provide an entry for \"flay, adj.\"\n\nSuggested defintion:\n\nSimilar to \"afraid, adj.\":\n\nA. adj. Chiefly predicative.\n\n1. Alarmed, frightened; in a state of fear or apprehension, moved or actuated by fear.\n\na. With of (also †for, †on) and noun phrase indicating the object of the fear.",1953,"(Birkett: ","19)","\"Ye know aah use neah fancy lotions an' aah's nut flaid te let Methoosaleh see meh first thing in t' mwornin'\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","19)","\"Will telt him he wass flait uv nowt.\"","Poetry",1984,"(Roberts: ","11)","\"An wheeis ganna feed these peacocks than? Thoo know's Ah's flayt o' hens!\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL62,#REF!,#REF!,AQ62,AV62)","v":3}]
["flay2","[flē]",null,null,"ME–18 flay, (ME flaey), ME–15 fle, (16 flea, 17 flee), 15 flie, 16–17 fly. See fleg n.1","(EDD Online: \"flay, v.1 and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"fley | flay, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"OE/ON","Germanic","Do Not Match","[ II. 1. Radour ran hame full fleyit and forchaist, Douglas King Hart (c. 1505), ed. 1874, I. 94. OE. (Angl.) flēgan, WS. flȳgan (in āflӯgan), to put to flight; ON. fleygja.]","[Old English *flígan , *flégan (found in the compound á-flýgan : see afley v.) = Old Norse fleyja , Old High German (ar- ) flaugen , Gothic (us- ) flaugjan < Old Germanic *flaugjan , causative of fleugan to fly v.1]",null,"2. To frighten, scare, terrify.","2. To frighten, scare, terrify.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","10)","\"Tom was shootin' an' wavin' his arms […] bit he flayt sheep an' they off, helter-skelter.\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","8)","\"Some daft div'l blew a motor horn. T' láal burd got flait back up un t' air.\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","17)","\"t'Vicar flayet mu yaa day when theer ah hears 'um speak \"Ethel, will you try un play t'organ for t'sarvices next week?\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL63,#REF!,AG63,#REF!,AV63)","v":4}]
["flaysome",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"flay, v.1 and sb.1\")",null,"Yes","Yes","No","adjective",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,"Old Norse",null,"No OED Etymology","[ II. 1. Radour ran hame full fleyit and forchaist, Douglas King Hart (c. 1505), ed. 1874, I. 94. OE. (Angl.) flēgan, WS. flȳgan (in āflӯgan), to put to flight; ON. fleygja.]",null,null,"2. To frighten, scare, terrify. See Fleg, v.1 1.\n\nHence: (6) Flaysome, adj. (a) fearful, terrifying, frightful; also used advb.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","14)","\"He meade sec a flaysum soond 'at ivvveryboddy lowped oot wedder the' wanntit ta bi at Speatri ur not.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG64,#REF!,AL64,AQ64,AV64)","v":1}]
["forret","[fo·rət]",null,null,"OE foreweard, forweard, forwęrd, ME–16 foreward(e, ME–15 forwarde, 15 foret, 18 dial. forat, foret, forrad, forrat","(EDD Online: \"forward(s), adv., adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"forward, adj., adv., and n.\" and \"forrit, adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Old English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English for(e)weard , adjective and adverb; see fore adv. and -ward suffix. The adjective seems to have become obsolete after the Old English period, and to have been redeveloped from the adverb in the 16th cent. The adverb (Old English foreweard) was apparently in origin the neuter accusative of the adjective.]",null,"II. Dial. uses.\n\nadv. In phr. (3) back and forward, backwards and forwards","B. adv.\n\n4. d. back or backward and forward: to and fro; see back adv. 14   and backward adv. 5b.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","33)","\"She thowt hur man, Jonty, med hev offert ta run hur back an' forret, bit he'd mannished ta fin' a job he sed cuddn't bi put off.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG65,#REF!,AL65,AQ65,AV65)","v":1}]
["frae",null,"fray","fro","α. (chiefly north. and Sc.) ME–16 fra, ME–15 fray, (15 fre, frea), 17–18 frae; β. ME– fro, (ME froo, 16 frow).","(EDD Online: \"fro, prep., adv.\")","(OED Online: \"fro | frae, prep., adv., and conj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","preposition","preposition",{"$f":"IF(AND(K66=\"\", L66=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Entry\",IF(K66=L66, \"Match\",IF(K66=\"\",\"No EDD Entry\", IF(L66=\"\",\"No OED Entry\",\"Do Not Match\"))))","v":"Match"},"N/A","EDD lumps both the prepositional and adverbial sense of \"frae\" (\"fro\") into the same entry. Confusing to reader; ill-defined.",null,"OE/ON",{"$f":"IF(AND(P66=\"\", H66=\"No\", I66=\"No\"), \"No EDD Entry\",IF(AND(P66=\"\", Q66=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Etymology\", IF(P66=Q66, \"Match\", IF(P66=\"\", \"No EDD Etymology\", IF(Q66=\"\", \"No OED Etymology\",\"Do Not Match\")))))","v":"No EDD Etymology"},null,"[< Old Norse frá, corresponding to Old English fram , from prep., adv., and conj.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. prep. (Now only Sc. and dial.)\n\n1. a. = from prep.   in all its senses.\n\nSpecifically:\n\nA. prep.\n\n6. Denoting removal, abstraction, separation, expulsion, exclusion, or the like:\n\n b. Denoting privation, separation, abstention, freedom, deliverance, etc. (from a state, condition, action, etc.). (OED Online: \"from, prep.\")",{"$f":"IF(AND(V66=\"\", W66=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Definition\", IF(V66=\"\", \"OED Definition Only\", IF(W66=\"\", \"EDD Definition Only\", IF(AND(H66=\"Yes\",V66=\"Unclear, see notes\"), \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\", \"EDD and OED Definition\"))))","v":"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition"},"No","OED","EDD does not even provide reader with Standard English equivalent, as the OED does. ",1953,"(Birkett: ","10)","\"John Nixon, frae Holme End, wes neàh good at aw.\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","3)","\"Ett wass sekk a lang way frae t' farm ta t' inn\"","Poetry",1984,"(Roberts: ","2)","\"But barns aren't allus frae t' gardin, sum times they cum by train.\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","12)","\"Tommy Leather com heame fray wark\"","Prose",{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"COUNTA(AQ66,#REF!,#REF!,#REF!,AV66)","v":4}]
["fratch","[fratʃ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"fratch, v., sb. and adj.\")","(OED Online: \"fratch, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"English","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[1. I am intirely of your mind, that it is not the D. of Marl.'s businesse to fratch, Madresfield Lett. (1714), ed. 1875, 90 (N.E.D.).]","[? onomatopoeic.]",null,"1. v. To quarrel, dispute, wrangle; to scold, find fault with"," 2. To disagree, quarrel, scold.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1984,"(Roberts: ","21)","\"They couldn't read a plan. They held it sideways – an' upside doon. An' fratch't frae man ter man.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG67,#REF!,AL67,AQ67,AV67)","v":1}]
["fuddled","[fu·dl]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"fuddle, sb., v.\")","(OED Online: \"fuddle, v.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","verb","Do Not Match","EDD","OED does not recognise adjectival sense of \"fuddled.\"",null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Of obscure origin; compare Dutch vod soft, slack, loose, German dialect fuddeln to swindle.]",null,"3. v. To drink heavily, get drunk. Hence (1) Fuddled, ppl. adj. confused, stupefied with drink; drunk; also used fig.","2. a. trans. To confuse with or as with drink, intoxicate, render tipsy.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Semantic bleaching: loss of \"drunk\" sense of meaning, with \"confused\" sense occupying a primary role.",2006,"(Graham: ","7)","\"Yah want ta use thee brain a bit mair, its gitten a bit fuddled.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB68,AG68,AL68,AQ68,AV68)","v":1}]
["fust",null,null,null,"Interestingly, OED marks the form \"fust\" as a southern English variant.\n\nα. OE fyrest (rare), OE–16 fyrst, lOE– first, eME firest (south-east midl.), eME firrst ( Ormulum), eME syst (transmission error), eME veorst (south-west.), ME feirst (north.), ME ferest (north.), ME ferste (chiefly south-east.), ME fferste, ME firist, ME uerst (south.), ME uurst (south-west midl.), ME verst (south.), ME virst (south-west midl.), ME virste (south-west midl.), ME vorst (south-west.), ME (chiefly south-east.) 15–16 ferst, ME (south-west.) 16 (Irish English) forst, ME (south-west midl.) 18 (Irish English (Wexford)) vurst, ME–15 ffurst, ME–15 ffyrst, ME–16 ffirst, ME–16 firste, ME–16 furste, ME–16 fyrste, ME–16 (19– Irish English (north.)) furst, 15 fereste, 15 fferst, 15 ffurste, 15 firs, 15 fiste, 15 fourst, 15–17 fust, 16 fuirst (Irish English), 18 vursth (Irish English (Wexford)); Eng. regional 17 vurst (south.), 18– fosst (Yorks.), 18– fost (north.), 18– furst, 18– fust (south.)","(EDD Online: \"first, adj., adv. and sb\")","(OED Online: \"first, adj., adv. and n.2\")","Yes","No","Yes","unclear","adverb","Do Not Match","OED",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Etymon: Saxon furisto.\n\nCognate with Old Frisian ferost , ferist , ferst (adjective), ferest , fērst (adjective and adverb), Middle Dutch vorst (adjective and adverb; Dutch voorst ), Old Saxon furisto (adjective; Middle Low German vȫrste , vȫreste ), Old High German furist (adjective and adverb), furisto (adjective), Old Icelandic fyrstr (adjective), fyrst (adverb), Old Swedish fyrster (adjective; Swedish förste ), Old Danish fyrste , første , furste (adjective) (Danish første ) < the Germanic base of fore adv. + the Germanic base of -est suffix.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","B. adv.\n\n1. a. Before any other or anything else, in time, serial order, rank, etc.; before anything else is done or takes place. See also first and foremost at Phrases 2b, first of all at Phrases 2f.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","Yes","OED","EDD only focuses on the most obscure uses of the adverb \"first.\"\n\nConventional senses (with unconventional spelling variants) are ignored.",1979,"(Cooper: ","7)","\"Stanning ett t' bar wass Willie Black, whoa said his burds wadd bi' t' fust back.\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","6)","\"Oor good Lord meade aw things on this urth […] but when he meade hens did he meck t'egg fust or t' hen fust?\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG69,#REF!,AL69,AQ69,AV69)","v":2}]
["fwok","[foək]",null,null,"Cumbrian spelling is not recognised by OED Online:\n\nOE–ME folc (pl. folc), ME folche, Orm. follc, follk, ME folck, south. volck, ME folc, south. volc, volk, ME–15 folke, ME–17 fok(e, (ME fokke), 15 folck(e, 17 Sc. fouk, ME– folk.","(EDD Online: \"folk, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"folk, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English folc, strong neuter = Old Frisian folk, Old Saxon folc (Dutch volk), Old High German folc, neuter, masculine (Middle High German volc, neuter, masculine, modern German volk neuter), Old Norse folk, neuter, people, army, detachment (Swedish, Danish folk) < Old Germanic *folkom. The original sense is perhaps best preserved in Old Norse; compare Old Church Slavonic plŭkŭ (Russian polk) division of an army, Lithuanian pulkas crowd, which are believed to be early adoptions < Germanic.]",null,"2. Men, people; often in pl.","3. a. Men, people indefinitely. Also, people of a particular class, which is indicated by an adj. or some attributive phrase.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Prevost (1899: 131) defines \"Fwoke\" as the following:\n\n\"Folk, people; the men say \"woman folk\" and \"woman body,\" whilst the women say \"men folk\" and \"man body\"\"\n\nWarranting the use of OED Online \"folk, n.\" as a source for this entry.",1979,"(Cooper: ","5)","\"When the' stertid ta brew, fwoaks aw ower t' fells warr fair takken up widd t' grand brewing smells.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","8)","\"\"Thoo'd nivver beleeve\" ses Jonty, when Matt ax't him hoo t' bungalow fwoak pot ther  teyme in.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG70,#REF!,AL70,AQ70,AV70)","v":2}]
["gaff","[gæf]",null,null,"Also ME, 16–18 gaffe.","(EDD Online: \"gaff, sb.1 and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"gaff, n.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"French","French","Match","[2. Fr. gaffe, an iron hook wherewith sea-men pull great fishes into their ships (COTGR.).]","[< French gaffe = Spanish gafa, Portuguese gafa (feminine), Provençal gaf (masculine), boat-hook.]",null,"2. A stick having a sharp iron hook at the end, used by fishermen to land fish.","1. b. spec. A barbed fishing spear; also, a stick armed with an iron hook for landing large fish, esp. salmon. Phrase, to bring (a hooked fish) to gaff.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1999,"(Fisher: ","6)","\"Gaff in yaa hand, net in tuther, he nivver miaad a soond\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG71,#REF!,AL71,AQ71,AV71)","v":1}]
["gammy","[ga·mi]",null,null,"16 gamby, 18– gammy.","(EDD Online: \"gammy, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"gammy, adj. and n.2\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"French","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[1. Prob. of Fr. origin. Cf. Fr. gambi, bent, crooked (COTGR.); Fr. (Norm. dial.) gambier, ‘qui a de mauvaises jambes; Gamby signifie \"boiteux\" dans les patois du Berry et du Jura’ (Duméril); Fr. (Languedoc) gambi, ‘boîteux, bancal, tortu, de travers, de biais, de côté ─ Vai tout de gambi’ (Boucoiran).]","[Perhaps a borrowing from French, combined with English elements. Etymons: French gambi  , game adj.2, -y suffix1.\n\nEtymology: Origin uncertain.\n \nPerhaps (i) < French †gambi bent (1611 in Cotgrave), French regional (especially central and eastern) gambi, cambi lame, bow-legged, (of legs) crooked, ultimately a derivative < Middle French gambe , jambe leg (see jamb n.); compare the family of words at gambrel n.;\n \nor perhaps (ii) < game adj.2 (compare forms at that entry) + -y suffix1, although game adj.2 is first attested later. (A form gamey is attested very occasionally in the collocation gamey leg from the early 20th cent., but this may reflect a folk-etymological alteration: compare discussion of β. forms at game adj.2)]",null,"1. Lame, crooked, injured, sore, feeble. Cf. game, adj.2","A. adj.\n\nb. colloq. (orig. Eng. regional (north. and north-west.)). Esp. of a limb or joint: misshapen or crooked; (more generally) not functioning properly through deformity or injury; disabled. Cf. game adj.2","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","8)","\"Yan naw ole Jack Todd fray Old Carlisle, he's in hospital wid a brocken leg, nobbet gammy is he.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB72,AG72,AL72,AQ72,AV72)","v":1}]
["gear2","[giə(r)]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"gear, sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"gear, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. I beseche yow that this ger be not forget, for I have not an hole hose for to doon, Paston Letters (1465) II. 233. ON. görvi, apparel.]","[Middle English gere , probably < Old Norse gervi, gørvi = Old English *gieru (poet. in plural gearwe , with pre-English change of declension), Old Saxon garewi , gerwi , Old High German garawî , gar(e)wî < Old Germanic *garwîn- weak feminine, < *garwu- ready, yare adj., whence *garwjan to make ready, Old Norse gerva , gørva , gera , gøra to make, gar v.]",null,"1. sb. Apparel, clothing, dress, attire; armour, accoutrements; also used fig.","I. Equipment. Cf. furniture n. 4.\n\n1. a. collect. sing. (†rarely pl.) Apparel, attire, dress, vestments. Now common in colloq. use.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","6)","\"Aw t' owd fowak ur sitten roon' waitin' fer t' bingo ta start; quick as leetnin' she drops aw hur gear i' t' dooerway; than, stark neak't, she shuffles reet up t' reum.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG73,#REF!,AL73,AQ73,AV73)","v":1}]
["gill",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"gill, sb.7 and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"gill, n.3\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Old French","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< Old French gille, gelle in medieval Latin gillo , gellus , the name of a vessel or measure used for wine. The relation between these forms and those cited under gallon n. is obscure.]",null,"Either:\n\n2. Half a pint; gen. of ale or beer; a half-pint glass of ale.\n\nOr\n\n4. A quart.\n\nDepending on the district.","1. a. A measure for liquids, containing one fourth of a standard pint.\n\nIn many districts the gill is equivalent to a half-pint, the quarter-pint being called a jack.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","\"Cum.\" dialect marker is not found in the usage examples of either of Wirght's defintions, so the researcher is unsure as to which defintion is most accurate for Cumbrian.",1979,"(Cooper: ","7)","\"Efter this hed been seen till, they' gahs in t' bar ta hevv a gill.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG74,#REF!,AL74,AQ74,AV74)","v":1}]
["girt","[gə̄t]","gurt",null,"ME geret, ME gert, ME gerte, ME gertt, ME girte, 15 gertte; Eng. regional 17 gart (Cumberland), 17– gurt, 18 gate (Devon), 18– gert, 18– girt; Sc. pre-17 gart, pre-17 gert, pre-17 17–18 20– girt, 19– gurt; Newfoundland 19– gert, 19– girt.","(EDD Online: \"great, adj., adv., sb.\")","(OED Online: \"gurt, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Variation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Variant of great adj., with metathesis.\n\nEtymology of \"great, adj.\":\n\nOrigin: A word inherited from Germanic.\n\nEtymology: Cognate with Old Frisian grāt large, Old Dutch groot large, numerous, mighty (Middle Dutch groot large, mighty, numerous, bulky, Dutch groot ), Old Saxon grōt large (Middle Low German grōt large, numerous, powerful), Old High German grōz large, strong, long, thick, fat (Middle High German grōz large, German gross large, extensive), and perhaps further with Old Icelandic grautr (noun) groats, porridge, mash, coarsely ground meal ( < the same Germanic base as grit n.1, grit n.2, grout n.1, groats n., and grot n.1), although see discussion below.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","Now regional (chiefly Eng. regional (north-west. and south-west.)).\n \n  = great adj.\n\n[Defintion for \"great, adj.\":\n\nA. adj.\n\nI. Senses relating primarily to physical size.\n\n2. Of relatively large girth or circumference, or breadth or width, in comparison with length or height; not slender or slim; thick; swollen. Opposed to small adj. I.   Now rare except as a contextual use of sense A. 3.\n\nb. Of a person or animal: having a large waist or girth; heavily built, sturdy, stout, corpulent. Frequently in collocation with fat. Now Sc. (north.) and arch.\n\n(OED Online: \"great, adj., n., adv., and int.\")]","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define adjective, but infers its meaning through presentation of usage examples.",1984,"(Roberts: ","8)","\"Joe's bowt hissel a motor bike, yan o' them girt German things.\"","Prose",2006,"(Graham: ","5)","\"He gat some gert wooden barrels\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(#REF!,#REF!,AL75,AQ75,AV75)","v":2}]
["gliff","[glif]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"gliff, sb., v.\")","(OED Online: \"gliff, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Of obscure origin. Sense 1 is akin to that of Dutch glippen and its cognates (see glibbery adj.), but the form presents difficulty.]",null,"1. sb. A glimpse, glance, a slight or transient view.","1. a) A passing view; a glance, glimpse.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","17)","\"Oot et corner ev his eye he gat a gliff a yen et lads\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB76,AG76,AL76,AQ76,AV76)","v":1}]
["gowk","[gauk]",null,null,"ME–15 gok(e, ME–15 gowke, golk, (15 Sc. goilk), 15–17 gouke, 15–18 gouk, 16– gowk.","(EDD Online: \"gowk, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"gowk, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"OE/ON","No EDD Etymology","[4. Despitful spider! poore of spreit!... Gowke! Montgomerie Flyting (ed. 1629) 23.]","[< Old Norse gaukr = Old English géac (see yeke n.), Old High German gouh (Middle High German gouch, German gauch) < Old Germanic *gauko-z.]",null,"4. Fig. A fool, simpleton, blockhead; a clumsy, awkward fellow, a clown; esp. in phr. an April gowk, an April fool.","2. A fool: a half-witted person.  [So German gauch.]","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1984,"(Roberts: ","7)","\"Oor father wes nowt but a béanless gowk.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG77,#REF!,AL77,AQ77,AV77)","v":1}]
["greet","[grīt]",null,null,"Eng. regional 17– grit, 18– greeat (north. and midl.), 18– greet, 18– gret, 18– greyt, 19– gre't, 19– grete","(EDD Online: \"great, adj., adv. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"great, adj., n., adv., and int.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian grāt large, Old Dutch groot large, numerous, mighty (Middle Dutch groot large, mighty, numerous, bulky, Dutch groot ), Old Saxon grōt large (Middle Low German grōt large, numerous, powerful), Old High German grōz large, strong, long, thick, fat (Middle High German grōz large, German gross large, extensive), and perhaps further with Old Icelandic grautr (noun) groats, porridge, mash, coarsely ground meal ( < the same Germanic base as grit n.1, grit n.2, grout n.1, groats n., and grot n.1), although see discussion below.]",null,"4. Big, large in dimensions; of persons: of large build, heavy.","A. adj.\n\nI. Senses relating primarily to physical size.\n\n3. Of a size, bulk, or extent that is considerably above average; large. See also sense A. 23.\n \na. Without a reinforcing or intensifying adjective.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","12)","\"Aw was gahn on nut seàh bad when Meggie Gowling put her greet hand through t' winda that she was cleaning.\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","23)","\"Watt greet thowts gah throo his heed?\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","13)","\"Thur's a new wurd noo, we aw use ut causes greet sensation.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL78,#REF!,#REF!,AQ78,AV78)","v":3}]
["heame2","[(h)iəm]","yaam","heamm","eOE haam, OE–ME (early or north.) ham, ME am, ME heem (north.), ME hem (north.), ME–16 hame (chiefly north.), 15 heme (north.); Eng. regional (north.) 16 18– heam, 17–18 heame, 18 haam, 18– hame, 18– heaum, 18– heeam, 18– heyem, 18– hiam, 18– hyem, 18– yam, 18– yem; also Sc. pre-17 haime, pre-17 ham, pre-17 haym, pre-17 hayme, pre-17 heim, pre-17 heime, pre-17 17– hame, pre-17 18 haim, pre-17 (18– Shetland) haem, pre-17 (19– Shetland) hem, 17 haam, 18– heame, 18– heem (Orkney and Shetland), 19– hehym (south.), 19– heyime (south.), 19– him (Shetland), 19– hyim (south.), 19– hyimm (south.); Irish English (north.) 19– hame; Irish English (Wexford) 18 hime, 18 hyme.","(EDD Online: \"home, sb.1, adv., adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"home, n.1 and adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian hēm a person's house or abode, homestead, dwelling (West Frisian hiem yard, farmyard), Old Dutch heim homestead, dwelling (in place names and compounds; Middle Dutch heem , heim , Dutch (now rare) heem homestead, dwelling, a person's house or abode, the place where a person lives or was raised), Old Saxon hēm house (Middle Low German hēm a person's house or abode, the place where a person lives or was raised, native country, homeland), Middle High German heim abode, residence, homestead, dwelling (German Heim ; the sense ‘native country, homeland’ is expressed by Heimat (see Urheimat n.)), early Scandinavian (runic: Sweden) aimi (dative singular), em (accusative singular), (runic: Denmark) him- (in compounds) homestead, abode, world, Old Icelandic heimr dwelling, abode (chiefly in compounds denoting mythological parts of the universe, e.g. Jǫtunheimr , lit. ‘abode of giants’, Niflheimr , lit. ‘abode of mist’), (in compounds) village, (more usually) earth, world, universe (with the semantic development, compare Russian mir , which is attested from an early date in the senses ‘community, commune’ and ‘world’: see mir n.2, Mir n.4), Old Swedish hēm , heem a person's house or abode (Swedish hem ), Old Danish hiem , hēm a person's house or abode (Danish hjem ), also (with different suffixes and different (feminine) gender) Old High German heima abode, residence, homestead, dwelling, native country, homeland, Gothic haims village; further etymology uncertain and disputed]","Interestingly, the EDD doesn't make an attempt at this etymologuy, despite the somewhat easy route of adopting OE ham as the etymon.","Unclear, see notes","A. n.1. I. The place where a person or animal dwells. \n\nb. Without article or possessive. The place where one lives or was brought up, with reference to the feelings of belonging, comfort, etc., associated with it.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","ABSTRACT NOUN: Specifically applied to the concept of \"heame,\" rather than the physical building. Only defined in reference to usage examples. Reader must infer the use of \"heame\" as a concrete noun through the semantic field painted by the EDD's selection of usage examples. Seems common for EDD to only define the peripheral senses of a headword if the headword in question has an relatively accessible Standard English equivalent.\n\nEDD Entry only defines noun indirectly using usage examples (Marked with \"Var. dial. Uses\")",1953,"(Birkett: ","6)","\"Whiles aah thowt maah wad nivver land heam onny mair, but here aah is.\"","Prose",1984,"(Roberts: ","2)","\"A LASS – ugh – it'll wet its pants an ga screamin héam and tell on us aw when we shove it in t' nettles and t' ants.\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","7)","\"Nobbut his-sell ut yaam, that neet, t'missus hed laang gone oot\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","2)","\"ah's away heam.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"COUNTA(AQ79,#REF!,#REF!,#REF!,AV79)","v":4}]
["hitch2","[(h)itʃ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"hitch, v.1 and sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"hitch, v.\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Middle English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[In Promp. Parv., 1440, hytche-n ; in 16–17th cent. also without h , see itch v.2; apparently identical in sense with early Middle English icche(n v. If these are in origin the same word, it is equally difficult to explain the loss of h in the one, and its addition in the other form. In some uses hitch is equivalent in sense to Scots and northern hotch, with which, if the h is original, it may be radically cognate. No related word appears in the cognate languages. The connection of branches I and II is also uncertain.]",null,"1. v. To move about, gen. by a series of jerks; to make room, change places; to bestir oneself; also fig. to promote.","I. To move jerkily.\n\n3. a. intr. To shift one's position a little; to move with a jerk or succession of jerks.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","18)","\"It's nea gud at aw if t' player dissn't cop aboot six yards, owther bi gaan direc'; as far up t' touchleyne as he dar, er hitchin' alang afoor he lets t' bo lowse.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG80,#REF!,AL80,AQ80,AV80)","v":1}]
["howk","[(h)auk]",null,null,"ME–15 holk(e, 16–18 hoke, huck, 16 houck, Sc.16–18 howk, 18 houk.","(EDD Online: \"howk, v.1 and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"holk | howk, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Early Frisian","Middle English","Do Not Match","[1. Ȝonder wther sum the new havin holkis, Douglas Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, II. 45; To holke, palare, Cath. Angl. (1483). EFris. holken, ‘hohlmachen’ (Koolman); cp. Sw. hålka, to make hollow (Widegren).]","[Northern Middle English holk , cognate with Middle Low German holken , Low German holken , hölken , to hollow, Swedish hålka ; < root of holl adj., with diminutive formative -k: compare talk.]","EDD IS COMPLETELY INCORRECT\n\nMiles apart from OED etymology.","1. v. To hollow out by digging; to excavate, dig out or up; to burrow, scratch up earth, grub. Also with out and up.","Now dial.\n \n1. trans. To hollow out by digging; to excavate; to dig out or up. With various spec. local senses: see quots.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1999,"(Fisher: ","14)","\"Ah remember t'days me Father toiled un wurkt his finngers tut biaan, scrattun un howkun taties tu sell ut a tanner a stiann\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","4)","\"efter […] a bit mair howken, he gat it till his leykin\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG81,#REF!,AL81,AQ81,AV81)","v":2}]
["keen","[kīn]",null,null,"OE céne, ME–15 kene, ME ken, ME–16 keene, (ME Sc. keyne, 15 kein(e), 16– keen.","(EDD Online: \"keen, adj, sb.3 and v.2)","(OED Online: \"keen, adj. and adv.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"adjective","No EDD Entry","OED","EDD does not define the simplex adjective \"keen\" with the meaning \"eager, fervid;\" it only defines compounded adjectival forms with the same meaning.",null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Common Germanic: Old English céne = Old Saxon *kōni (Middle Dutch coene, Dutch koen), Middle Low German kône, kœne, Old High German chôni, chuoni (Middle High German küene, German kühn), Old Norse kœnn < Old Germanic *kōnjo-. There are no cognates outside of Germanic.]",null,null,"6. a. Of persons: Eager, ardent, fervid; full of, or manifesting, intense desire, interest, excitement, etc. Also, of desire, feeling, etc.: Intense.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED","Nearest EDD definition for \"keen:\"\n\n1. adj. In comb. (1) Keen-bitten, eager, sharp; hungry;\n ready to take advantage of another.\n\nSimplex adjective is not defined; the adjective \"keen,\" with the meaning \"eager, fervent\" is not listed by the EDD.",2002,"(Forsyth: ","1)","\"When he tells ma wat he wants ma ta deuh, Ah wessen't ower keen.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB82,#REF!,AL82,AQ82,AV82)","v":2},"Yes","6, dating between 1720 and 1871",null,"Yes","Diffused into Cumbrian"]
["kelter","[ke·ltə(r)]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"kelter, sb. 2\")","(OED Online: \"kelter, n.4\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[In dialect use from Durham to S. Lincolnshire.]",null,"1. Rubbish; odds and ends; worthless litter.","dial.\n\nRubbish; nonsense.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1984,"(Roberts: ","2)","\"So terneet Ah'll tidy me kelter.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG83,#REF!,AL83,AQ83,AV83)","v":1}]
["ken","[ken]",null,null,"OE cennan, (cænnan), ME kennen, (ME kennyn), (ME kene, ME cene, ME keen), ME–16 kenne, ME– ken, (ME, 17 kenn, ME kyn). pa. tenseME kende, ME– kenned(e, kenn'd, kend; 18 Sc. kent.","(EDD Online: \"ken, v. and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"ken, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"OE/ON","Common Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. My cares aren keen as knyffe By-cause I kenne what is commaunde, York Plays (c. 1400) 45. ON. kenna, to know (Vigfusson); cp. OE. cennan, to declare (B.T.).]","[Common Germanic: Old English cęnnan (cęnde , cęnned ) = Frisian kanna , kenna , Old Saxon (ant)kennian (Middle Dutch and Dutch kennen ), Old High German (ir- , in- , pi- ) chennan (Middle High German and German kennen ), Old Norse kenna (Swedish känna , Danish kjende , kende ), Gothic kannjan , factitive of the preterite-present *kann- , I know: see can v.1]",null,"1. v. To know, have knowledge of; to be acquainted with; to recognize.","II. In non-causative senses.\n\n11. a. To know (a thing); to have knowledge of or about (a thing, place, person, etc.), to be acquainted with; †to understand. Now chiefly Sc.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","5)","\"The' deceedit ta hod a barn party yah neet. Invitin' aw t' neighbours the' happened ta ken.\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","6)","\"Joe kent fine wat Jobby hed sed waz nobbet common sense\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG84,#REF!,AL84,AQ84,AV84)","v":2}]
["kevel","[ke·vl]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"kevel, v.2 and sb.2\")",null,"Yes","Yes","No","verb",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,null,"2. To walk or climb clumsily; to hold awkwardly; to wield in an awkward manner.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD",null,1984,"(Roberts: ","22)","\"Them Noah n t' wife cum up t' gang plank; his three lads kevell't up too.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG85,#REF!,AL85,AQ85,AV85)","v":1}]
["kit","[kit]",null,null,"ME kyt, ME–16 kitt, ME–15 kytt(e, 15– kit.","(EDD Online: \"kit, sb.1 and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"kit, n.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Middle Dutch","No EDD Etymology",null,"[apparently < Middle Dutch kitte a wooden vessel made of hooped staves (Dutch kit tankard): ulterior etymology uncertain.]",null,"6. A set of tools, esp. a shoemaker's tools, including his\n stool; also the bag containing a shoemaker's tools.","2. d. A set or outfit of tools, equipment, etc.; spec., a collection of parts sold for the buyer to assemble. Also fig. and attrib.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","17)","\"aah think t' vets an' t' doctors are aw alike an' just invent new diseases te git a seàl fer aw their kit.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG86,#REF!,AL86,AQ86,AV86)","v":1}]
["laal","[lāl]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"lile, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"lile, adj. and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"Danish","Old Norse","Do Not Match","[1. Dan. lille, little (Larsen); MDan. litle (Jessen); Goth. leitils.]","[apparently repr. a contraction of Old Norse lītell, lītl- little adj., pron., n., and adv.: compare modern Swedish lilla, Danish lille.]",null,"1. Little, small, tiny.","dial.\n \nLittle.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD definition:  \"1. Little, small, tiny,\" hence \"laal bit\" = \"little portion (of time)\"",1953,"(Birkett: ","8)","\"aah run full bend intill t' M.P. for oor division. He buys eggs an' a laal bit o' Black Market bacon off meh\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","12)","\"But ta git coos away frae t' warmth an' fodder, Jurry fund oot wass a la'al bit uv bodder.\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","12)","\"Hez she ivver enjoyed spring-cleanun uv her varra own accord? Like paperun t'laal back bedrum, und penntun t'skurtin' board?\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL87,#REF!,#REF!,AQ87,AV87)","v":3}]
["lait","[lēt]","lait",null,"ME latt, ME layte, lait(e, ME–18 late, 18 lait.","(EDD Online: \"lait, v. and sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"lait, v.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Old Norse","Match","[1. ffor to high hym in hast, & his home laite, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 13973. Norw. dial. leita, to seek (Aasen), so ON. (Vigfusson).]","[< Old Norse leita, corresponding to Old English wlátian to behold, Gothic wlaitôn (περιβλέπεσθαι); related by ablaut to Old Norse lit-r, Old English wlite aspect, appearance, Old Saxon wliti face, form, Gothic wlit-s face, and Old Norse líta, Old English wlítan to look.]",null,"1. v. To seek, search for; to seek and bring with one, to fetch.","Obs. exc. dial.\n\n1. a. trans. To look or search for; to seek, try to find. Also with inf. or clause as object.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","7)","\"Well it pecks, that’s what it waz scratten for, ta lait summat ta eat.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB88,AG88,AL88,AQ88,AV88)","v":1}]
["lake","[lēk]",null,null,"OE lácan, ME leyke, laiky, ME–15 laike, layke, 15, 18 laak, 17–18 laik, ME– lake.","(EDD Online: \"lake, v.1 and sb.3\")","(OED Online: \"lake, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Common Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. Of clay þai kest att him þe clott, And laiked wid himsittisott, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 24027. ON. leika, to play, sport.]","[A Common Germanic reduplicative strong verb, Old English lácan, past tense léolc, léc = Old Norse leika, past tense lék (Swedish leka, Danish lege), Gothic laikan, past tense lailaik, Middle High German leichen, past tense leichte, past participle geleichen. The word seems in Middle English to have been re-adopted in the Scandinavian form. Its currency is almost entirely northern, no forms with o being known. The inflection has been weak since the 13th cent.]",null,"1. v. To play, sport, amuse oneself; to play at, perform.","2. a. intr. To play, sport; occasionally in amorous or obscene sense; dial. to take a holiday from work; to be out of work. Also with about, away.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","12)","\"Ess he didn't think ett wadd bi ower hard, ta lake roondups widd fadder's coos in t' yard.\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","17)","\"Ah laket uboot, un tried it oot mid notes uv mixed confusion.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(#REF!,#REF!,AL89,AQ89,AV89)","v":2}]
["land","[lan(d)]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"land, sb.1 and v.\")","(OED Online: \"land, v.\" and \"land, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Common Germanic: Old English land, lǫnd strong neuter = Old Frisian land, lond, Old Saxon (Dutch, Low German) land, Old High German lant (Middle High German lant, land-, modern Gothic land), Old Norse (Swedish, Danish) and Gothic land < Germanic *landom, cognate with Old Celtic *landā (feminine) (Irish land, lann enclosure, Welsh llan enclosure, church, Cornish lan, Breton lann heath), whence the French lande, heath, moor. The pre-Germanic *londh- is not evidenced in the other Aryan languages, but an ablaut-variant *lendh- appears in Old Church Slavonic lędina heath, desert (Russian ljada, ljadina), and in Middle Swedish, modern Swedish linda waste or fallow land.]",null,"16. To arrive, reach; to reach home; to come to the ground; also fig. to succeed; to finish any business.","II. Intransitive senses.\n\n8. a. lit. and fig. To arrive at a place, a stage in a journey, or the like; to come to a stage in a progression; to end in something. Also with up. (Cf. 2.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","5)","\"Methoosaleh ran off intill t' back kitchen and landed back wid twae chicken wings\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB90,AG90,AL90,AQ90,AV90)","v":1}]
["langsyne","[la·ŋsai·n]",null,"langseyne, langsen",null,"(EDD Online: \"langsyne, adv., adj. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"langsyne, adv. (and n.)\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A","Contemporary Cumbrian: langsyne, adv. = two words.\n\nTraditional Cumbrian: langsyne adv. = one word.\n\nLanguage change or poetic license?",null,"English","No EDD Etymology",null,"Properly two words: see long adv.1 and syne adv.",null,"1. adv. Long ago, long since.","Sc. Long since, long ago. Also n. esp. in auld lang syne. (Somewhat common in English use with allusion to Burns's song.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","15)","\"Methoosaleh put his arm in mine an' aah was minded of other nights lang syne when we'd been coortin'\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","9)","\"That wass lang senn, noo the' ken watter runs doonbank, nut up.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","10)","\"Wheear hev aw the comics gaene?\"\n\n\"Neewhor,\" replied Matt. \"Ah seen a cupple ov 'em nut ower lang sin'\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL91,#REF!,#REF!,AQ91,AV91)","v":3}]
["lantered","[la·ntər] + [d]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"lanter, sb. and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"","Yes","No","No","adjective",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,null,"2. v. To stake as in loo; to hazard.\n\nHence Lantered, ppl. adj. looed; also fig. hard-pressed, distracted, harassed; beaten.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","7)","\"When t' train com in ah was just aboot lantered wid mi bass bga an' umbrella an' things, but aah mannished.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG92,#REF!,AL92,AQ92,AV92)","v":1}]
["lark","[lāk]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"lark, v. and sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"lark, n.2\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[the noun and verb appear first in 1811–3. The origin is somewhat uncertain. Possibly it may represent the northern lake v.1, as heard by sporting men from Yorkshire jockeys or grooms; the sound /lɛək//læək/, which is written lairk in Robinson's Whitby Glossary and in dialect books, would to a southern hearer more naturally suggest ‘lark’ than ‘lake’ as its equivalent in educated pronunciation. On the other hand, it is quite as likely that the word may have originated in some allusion to lark n.1; compare the similar use of skylark verb, which is found a few years earlier (1809).]",null,"2. sb. A bit of merriment, a frolic, ‘spree.’","1. A frolicsome adventure, a spree. Also to go on, have, take a lark; to make a lark of = ‘to make game of’.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","15)","\"Thoo can hev a lift on t' back o' mi mwotor beyke.\"\n\n\"It's a bit ower cowd fer them larks.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG93,#REF!,AL93,AQ93,AV93)","v":1}]
["leeve2","[liv]",null,null,"γ. OE leofian (rare), OE leofigean (rare), eME leofue, eME leouie, eME leuie, eME liouie, ME lefe, ME–15 leue, ME–16 leve, lME leeue, lME lef, lME leffe, lME lewe, lME leyffe, lME–16 lieve; Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 18 leve, 18– leeve, 19– leave; Sc. pre-17 laue, pre-17 leaf, pre-17 leaue, pre-17 leawe, pre-17 leef, pre-17 lef, pre-17 lefe, pre-17 leff, pre-17 leffe, pre-17 leif, pre-17 leife, pre-17 leiff, pre-17 leiffe, pre-17 leiue, pre-17 leiv, pre-17 leiw, pre-17 leiwe, pre-17 leue, pre-17 lewe, pre-17 leyf, pre-17 leyff, pre-17 leyve, pre-17 lief, pre-17 17–18 leave, pre-17 18 leve, pre-17 18– leeve, pre-17 18– leive, pre-17 18– lieve; also Irish English 18 leev, 18 leeve.","(EDD Online: \"live, v.\")","(OED Online: \"live, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian libba (West Frisian libbia ), Old Dutch libben (Middle Dutch lēven , Dutch leven ), Old Saxon libbian , libban (Middle Low German lēven ), Old High German lebēn (Middle High German leben , German leben ), all showing a similar semantic range, Old Icelandic lifa to live, to remain, Norn (Shetland) liva , lava to live, Old Swedish liva , leva , (runic) lifa to live (Swedish leva , †lefva to live; the sense ‘to remain’ is expressed by the prefixed verb kvarleva , †qvarlefva ), Old Danish livæ , levæ to live (Danish leve ), Gothic liban to live]",null,null,"1. b) intr. fig. Chiefly poet. Of a thing: to exist, be found.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED","EDD is incomplete: specific senses of \"live, v.\" are not included.",2002,"(Forsyth: ","7)","\"Jonty, I' t' coorse ov his job as a joiner an' odd-job man, hes gitten his-sel inseyde sum ov them new bungalows, an' hes seen fer his-sel' hoo t'udder hauf leeves.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG94,#REF!,AL94,AQ94,AV94)","v":1}]
["leuk",null,null,null,"ME lok, ME luke (north.), ME–15 loke, ME–16 looke, ME– look, 15 lowke; Eng. regional (north.) 17– luik, 18 leuk",null,"(OED Online: \"look, n.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"noun","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"English by Conversion","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< look v.\n\nEtymology for look, v. =\n\nCognate with Old Saxon lōkon, Middle Dutch loeken, and probably Early Runic lokom, 1st singular or plural present indicative or 1st plural present optative (Weser estuary; 5th cent.) < the same Germanic base as Old High German luogēn to look furtively, to peek (Middle High German luogen, lūgen, German lugen: see note), further etymology unknown.]",null,null,"1. a. The action or an act of looking; an act of directing the eyes or countenance in order to look at someone or something; a glance of the eyes. Also in extended use: an act of contemplating or examining an immaterial or abstract thing. Frequently with at. Also (in later use) with adverb of direction.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","7)","\"When aah'd gitten sitten doon […] aah tuk a good leuk at mi travellin' companions.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG95,#REF!,AL95,AQ95,AV95)","v":1},"Yes","7, dating between 1753 and 1887",null,"Yes","Cumbrian Spelling Variant"]
["leuk1","[lūk]","luik",null,null,"(EDD Online: \"look, v., int. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"look, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Saxon lōkon, Middle Dutch loeken, and probably Early Runic lokom, 1st singular or plural present indicative or 1st plural present optative (Weser estuary; 5th cent.) < the same Germanic base as Old High German luogēn to look furtively, to peek (Middle High German luogen, lūgen, German lugen: see note), further etymology unknown.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","I. 1. a. intr. To direct one's sight; to use one's ability to see. Hence (contextually): to conduct a visual inspection, examination, or search. Also of the eye: to be directed so as to see. Also in extended use and in figurative contexts. (a) With adverb or prepositional phrase expressing the direction or the intended object of vision.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","Extensive EDD definition, mainly focussed on compounds and combining adverbs and prepositions which collocate \"luik.\" Core sense of the verb (\"intr. To direct one's sight; to use one's ability to see.\") is not defined.",1984,"(Roberts: ","6)","\"She léuk't at them apples\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","3)","\"He leuks at his watch.\"","Prose",2006,"(Graham: ","3)","\"He dizzent leuk yen reet in t' eye when he tawks till yah\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL96,#REF!,#REF!,AQ96,AV96)","v":3}]
["leuk2","[lūk]","luik",null,null,"(EDD Online: \"look, v., int. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"look, v.\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Saxon lōkon, Middle Dutch loeken, and probably Early Runic lokom, 1st singular or plural present indicative or 1st plural present optative (Weser estuary; 5th cent.) < the same Germanic base as Old High German luogēn to look furtively, to peek (Middle High German luogen, lūgen, German lugen: see note), further etymology unknown.]",null,"5. To appear, seem.","II. intr. To have a certain appearance.\n\n11. b. With various complements. To have the appearance, or give the impression, of being; to seem to the sight or to the mind.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","6)","\"Ah see Sarah Scott's bin gitten her sell a few hens, Rhode Island Reds, varra neyce they leuk anaw.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB97,AG97,AL97,AQ97,AV97)","v":1}]
["lig","[lig]",null,null,"α. OE licgan, licgean, Northumb. licga, ME liggan, ME ligge-n, ME ligen, luggen /y/, ME lyge, lygge, ME–15 ( 16–18 dial.) lig, ligg, ME ligyn, lyggyn, lyg, lyegge.\n\nβ. ME lien, ME ligen, ME lin, ME lii, lij, li, lyen, (? erron. ley-n, leȝe, lai), ME lyn(e, lyȝe, ME–17 ly, ME–18 lye, ME liyn, lyyn, lyin, ME– lie. See also lig v.\n\nForms relating to usage example from (Richardson 1871: 46):\n\n7. pres. pple. lying /ˈlaɪɪŋ/. Forms: OE licgende, Northumb. lic(c)end, ME liggend, ME liynge, lyng, liging, ligand(e, -onde, liende, lyende, liggonde, -ande, lyggynde, ME ligging, -yng(e, ME liggeng, lieng, lyynge, leing, liend, ME–15 lyeng(e, liand(e, lyand(e, ME lyond, lyggande, ME–15 lyggyng(e, -ing(e, lyinge, 15 liyng, 16 lyeing, ME– lying, 18 ligging dial.","(EDD Online: \"lie, v.2 and sb.3\")","(OED Online: \"lay, v.1\", \"lie, v.1\" [and \"lig, v.\"])","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb",{"$f":"IF(AND(K98=\"\", L98=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Entry\",IF(K98=L98, \"Match\",IF(K98=\"\",\"No EDD Entry\", IF(L98=\"\",\"No OED Entry\",\"Do Not Match\"))))","v":"Match"},"N/A","\n",null,"Common Germanic",{"$f":"IF(AND(P98=\"\", H98=\"No\", I98=\"No\"), \"No EDD Entry\",IF(AND(P98=\"\", Q98=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Etymology\", IF(P98=Q98, \"Match\", IF(P98=\"\", \"No EDD Etymology\", IF(Q98=\"\", \"No OED Etymology\",\"Do Not Match\")))))","v":"No EDD Etymology"},null,"[A Common Germanic strong verb: Old English licgan = Old Frisian liga, lidsa, lidzia, Old Saxon liggian (Dutch, Low German liggen), Old High German and Middle High German liggen, licken, ligen (modern German liegen), Old Norse liggia (Swedish ligga, Danish ligge), Gothic ligan < Old Germanic *ligjan (the Gothic ligan is abnormal), < Germanic root *leg- (:lag-:lǣg-) < West Aryan *legh- (:logh-:lēgh-) to lie; compare Greek λέχος bed, ἄλοχος bedfellow, wife, λόχος lying in wait, ambush, Latin lectus bed, Old Church Slavonic ležati to lie.]","Strange word:\n\nEtymological progression of \"lig\" follows that of \"lie, v.1\", but its definition is more closely linked to sense I 1. a. of \"lay, v.1\".\n\nThis is noted in the definition of \"lie, v.1\", which states:\n\nIII.\n \n15. trans. Used causatively or by mistake for lay v.1   Now rare.","10. trans. To lay.","II.\n\n15. trans. Used causatively or by mistake for lay v.1   Now rare.\n\nRelevant defintion in lay, v.1:\n\nGeneral sense: To cause to lie.\n\nI. To prostrate.\n\n1. a. trans. To bring or cast down from an erect position (in Old English often, to strike down, slay); †fig. to cast down, abase, humble. Now only with complement denoting prostration or extension upon a surface. Cf. to lay low at low adj. and n.2 Phrases 2.",{"$f":"IF(AND(V98=\"\", W98=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Definition\", IF(V98=\"\", \"OED Definition Only\", IF(W98=\"\", \"EDD Definition Only\", IF(AND(H98=\"Yes\",V98=\"Unclear, see notes\"), \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\", \"EDD and OED Definition\"))))","v":"EDD and OED Definition"},"Yes","N/A","Technically the definitions are the same, but OED is far more detailed.",1953,"(Birkett: ","24)","\"When he saw aw that good crop liggen varra naar flat on t' grund he says, \"Well Mr. Huggins, this is bad luck.\"\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","24)","\"Tattie bags lig on t' front seat.\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","9)","\"fust chap a clappt eyes on waz Jack Todd liggen there abed, wid his legs strung up int air.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL98,#REF!,#REF!,AQ98,AV98)","v":3}]
["light","[līt]\n\nResearcher would pronounce [lait]","leet",null,null,"(EDD Online: \"light, adj.2, sb.2 and v.2\")","(OED Online: \"light, adj.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English léoht , lῑht , Northumbrian lēht = Old Frisian li(u)cht , Old Saxon *lîht implied in derivatives (Dutch licht ), Old High German lîht(i (Middle High German lîht , modern German leicht ), Old Norse léttr (Danish let , Swedish lätt ), Gothic leihts < Old Germanic *liŋhto- (-tjo- ), < Germanic root *liŋgw- < pre-Germanic *leñghw- , as in Lithuanian leŋgvas light; the ablaut-var. pre-Germanic *lŋghw- , Germanic *luŋgw- , appears in Sanskrit laghu , Greek ἐλαϕρός light, ἐλαχύς small, Old High German lungar light;]",null,"4. Thoughtless, foolish, giddy; of loose morals. Also used advb.","VII.\n\n22. Of the head: Dizzy, giddy. Also of persons: Wandering in mind, delirious = light-headed adj. 1   (now dial.: see Eng. Dial. Dict.). [Compare sense 16; but there appears to be here a reference to a subjective sensation of physical levity.]\n\n 16. That moves or is moved easily or with slight pressure; pliant, fickle, shifty, unsteady; facile, ready (of belief, etc.). Const. of, to with inf. Now rare. (See also light of love n.)","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","19)","\"Ivveryyan kenned Will wassant breet, an' widd aw t' yal his heed was leet.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG99,#REF!,AL99,AQ99,AV99)","v":1}]
["lock","[lok]",null,null," eOE loca (in sense 2, perhaps transmission error), OE locc, OE–eME loc, eME lochkes (plural), ME lock- (inflected form), ME lok, ME–15 loke, ME–15 lokke, ME–17 locke, lME look, 15– lock; Eng. regional (chiefly in sense 4) 17 look (north.)","(EDD Online: \"lock, sb.2\")","(OED Online: \"lock, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Low German","Germanic","Do Not Match","[Cp. LG. lok (pl. löke), a number, quantity, heap (Berghaus).]","[Cognate with Old Frisian lok , Old Dutch lok (Middle Dutch locke , Dutch lok ), Old Saxon lokk (Middle Low German locke ), Old High German loc (Middle High German loc , German Locke ), Old Icelandic lokkr , Old Swedish lokker (Swedish lock ), Old Danish lok (Danish lok ), further etymology uncertain; perhaps < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek λύγος withy (see Lygus n.) and Lithuanian †lugnas flexible, supple.\n \nCompare also (apparently from the same Germanic base, with different stem class) Old Icelandic lykkja, Norwegian (Nynorsk) lykkje, Old Swedish lykkia (Swedish lycka), Old Danish lykki (Danish løkke), all in sense ‘bend, loop, noose’.]","Both OED and EDD recognise \"lock, n.\"'s relationship with the Germanic languages. Also, OED mentions the same Low German root word as the EDD.\n\nHowever, OED deals with more languages and, due to the number of cognates with other Germanic languages, place's \"lock, n.\"'s etymology as being Germanic in origin.","A quantity of anything; gen. a small quantity.","4. b. orig. and chiefly Sc.; also Irish English (north.) and Eng. regional (north.). An undefined amount or number. In later use: a good deal, a lot. Usually with of (also with noun complement without of).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Usage example by Gibson (1869: 8) omits the object of the sentence, as shown below:\n\n\"mebbee ther's a lock (of people) 'at doesn't know what a leear Tommy Towman is\"",1953,"(Birkett: ","19)","\"there's a lock o' fwok just send for 'im cos he's young\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","11)","\"Yah Kurstmuss Eve, láal Jurry Maycock, hoped Fadder Kurstmuss wadd fetch a lokk uv toys\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","14)","\"O' Setterda' neets a lock o' Speatri fwoak gat carried on till t' nex station.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL100,#REF!,#REF!,AQ100,AV100)","v":3}]
["lowp","[loup] ([laʊp[)",null,"loup",null,"(EDD Online: \"loup, v.1 and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"loup, v.\" and \"leap, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Old Norse","Match","[1. Mon lowp on loft in the contrere, Barbour Bruce (1375) xiii. 652. 7. Norw. dial. laupa and lope, to run (Aasen); ON. hlaupa (Vigfusson).]","[Old Norse hlǫupa: see leap v.]",null,"1. v. To leap, spring, jump; to leap over or from.","intr. and trans. = leap v. in various senses.\n\nSpecifically:\n\n2. a. To rise with both (or all four) feet suddenly from the ground or other standing-place, alighting in some other position; to jump, spring. Often with advs., as aside, down, in, out. Also with cognate object.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1999,"(Fisher: ","6)","\"He follert River Darwent, knowun ivvery inch ut watter. Where salmon lowpt fur t'askun, and a license didn't matter.\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","19)","\"Beathe lowpt intilt bwoat n' off after Barney.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG101,#REF!,AL101,AQ101,AV101)","v":2}]
["lowse","[lous]",null,null,"ME (in definite form), ME–16 lousse, (also 17–18 dial.) lowse, (ME loss), ME lause, loos, ME, 15 lose, ME–16 lous, ME–17 louse, ME lawse, ME–15 lewse, loce, 15 Sc. lowis, lowsz, 16 lowsse, ME– loose.","(EDD Online: \"lowse, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"loose, adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. Quhen I wes lous, at libertie I lap, Montgomerie Poems (c. 1600), ed. Cranstoun, 160. Norw. dial. laus, loose (Aasen); ON. lauss (Vigfusson); cp. G. los.]","[Middle English lōs (with close ō ), in northern dialect lous , < Old Norse lǫus-s , laus-s (Swedish lös , Danish løs ), = Old English léas lease adj., q.v. for the ulterior etymology.]",null,"1. Loose, free, unrestrained, disengaged; unfastened, open. Also used fig.","A. adj.\n\n1. Unbound, unattached.\nFor to break loose, cast loose, cut loose, let loose, shake loose, turn loose, etc., see the verbs.\n\na. Of living beings or their limbs: Free from bonds, fetters, or physical restraint. Now used only in implied contrast with a previous, usual, or desirable state of confinement. spec. of horses etc.: allowed to run free in travelling or marching. Of money, cash, etc.: in relatively small denominations; in coins (as opp. to notes). So loose change (orig. U.S.), a quantity of coins kept or left in one's pocket, etc., for casual use.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","23)","\"T' cat's got lowsed off ta deah ess the' please.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","9)","\"Let's say ye'r on duty in a villige, an' ye see 'at a bull's lowse an' 's cummin doon t' rwoad - wat steps wad ye tak?\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(#REF!,#REF!,AL102,AQ102,AV102)","v":2}]
["lug","[lug]",null,null,"Also (15 Sc. louge), 15–16 lugg(e.","(EDD Online: \"lug, sb.2 and v.2\")","(OED Online: \"lug, n.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Early Modern English","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[1. A fine round head when those two lugs are off, Jonson Staple of News (1625) v. i, ed. Cunningham, II. 329.]\n","[Of obscure etymology.\n\nAs a synonym of ear , it first appears early in the 16th cent., and in colloquial Scots use has entirely superseded the older word. Presumably this application is a transferred use of a word that existed earlier with some other meaning. It is possible that the sense ‘ear-flap of a cap’, which is the earliest represented in our quots., may really be prior to the sense ‘ear’; for similar transferences of words from parts of clothing to the parts of the body covered, compare breech , crown , sole . If so, the word may perhaps be of Scandinavian origin, with a general sense of ‘something that can be pulled or laid hold of’, specialized differently in Swedish lugg forelock, with which compare English dial. (Sheffield, North Derb., etc.) ‘to pull (somebody's) lugs’, meaning not as in Scotland, the ears, but the hair. (See lug v.)]","Differing language focus. The EDD only traces the noun \"lug\" to its first appearance in English dialect literature. Not concerned with when the noun entered the English language.\n\nEtymology of lug = \"ear\" far more obscure than lug = \"haul.\"","1. sb. The ear.","2. a. = ear n.1 1, 2 Now colloq. or joc. \n\nBy the 19th cent. it had become the only word in use in Sc. ear having become obs. exc. in combination (though it is now standard). English writers of 16–17th c. use lug as a slang or jocular synonym (see quots. 1592, 1631, and cf. 2b).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","19)","\"Th' sponser's neame on t' frunt gits bigger an' bigger; t' seame wid t' numbers an' player's neame on t' back. Varra seun […] th' ownly empty speace left 'll bi that atween t' player's lugs.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG103,#REF!,AL103,AQ103,AV103)","v":1}]
["mair",null,"mare",null,"α. OE mara, OE mare (feminine and neuter), eME mære, eME maren, ME maure, ME mayr (north.), ME mere (transmission error), ME morow (transmission error), ME–15 mar (chiefly north.), ME–15 mare (chiefly north.); Eng. regional (north.) 16 18 mare, 18– maar, 18– mair, 18– meear, 19– mear","(EDD Online: \"more, adj. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"more, adj., pron., adv., n.3, and prep.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"adjective","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian māra , Middle Dutch mēre (Dutch has the double comparative meerder ), Old Saxon mēro (Middle Low German mēr , also mēre , mē ), Old High German mēra , mēro (Middle High German mēr , mē , German (arch.) mehr- in mehres , neuter, mehre , plural; compare the double comparative forms Old High German mērōro , mēriro , Middle High German mērer , mērre , early modern German mehrer greater, more, German mehrere (plural) several), Old Icelandic meiri , Norn (Shetland) mire , mere (also adverb mire ), Swedish mera , Danish mere (the Swedish and Danish forms are the neuter adjective used adverbially), Gothic maiza < an adjectival base parallel to the adverbial base of mo adv.1 Compare the following adverbial forms in West Germanic languages, either influenced by or secondary developments from the adjectival forms: Old Frisian mār, mēr, Middle Dutch meer (Dutch meer), Old Saxon mēr (Middle Low German mēr, mēre), Old High German mēr (Middle High German mēre, mēr, German mehr).]",null,null,"A. adj. and determiner.\n\nII. Additional. Now frequently preceded by a quantifier, as any, many, no, some, or a number.\n\n4. b. With a singular noun: additional to the quantity specified or implied; an additional amount of; further.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED","EDD does not define the \"additional to the quantity specified or implied\" sense used by Roberts' (1984: 3) usage example.",1984,"(Roberts: ","3)","\"Ah'll hev ter hev mair leet.\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","23)","\"Thur mare brass spent on pets tuday nur ivver a wife dare tell.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG104,#REF!,AL104,AQ104,AV104)","v":2},"Yes","3, dating between 1758 and 1861",null,"Yes","Cumbrian Spelling Variant"]
["maisel","[ma·zl]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"mazle, v.\")","(OED Online: \"maisel, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Derivation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: < maze v. + -le suffix 3.]",null,"1. To stupefy, bewilder, daze; to become stupefied or confused. Gen. in pp.","Eng. regional (north.).\n \n 1. intr. To become dazed or bewildered; to wander, esp. confusedly.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED includes motion in defintion: \"stupefied wandering\" rather than simply \"stupified\"",1953,"(Birkett: ","10)","\"He fair maiselt t' dog. It didn't know what te mak o' things.\"","Prose",2002,"(Forsyth: ","16)","\"Thoo's leukin' fair maiselt […] what's up wid thee than? Hest'a lost a bob an' fun' a tanner?\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG105,#REF!,AL105,AQ105,AV105)","v":2},null,null,null,"Yes","Cumbrian Spelling Variant"]
["mak","[mak]",null,null,"ME mak, ME makke, ME– make; Eng. regional (north.) 17– mack, 18– mac, 18– mak, 18– meak, 18– mek","(EDD Online: \"make, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"make, n.2\" and \"make, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Conversion","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: make v.1\n\n< make v.1\n\nOrigin: A word inherited from Germanic.\nEtymology: Cognate with Old Frisian makia, Middle Dutch māken (Dutch maken), Old Saxon makon (Middle Low German māken), Old High German mahhōn (Middle High German machen, German machen); apparently not represented in Gothic or early Scandinavian (Old Swedish maka to make, construct (Swedish maka to move), Danish mage to manage, arrange are from Middle Low German; Old Icelandic maka to make (rare) is from Middle Low German or another West Germanic language); further etymology uncertain.]",null,"2. Sort, kind, species, variety, quantity; fig. state, condition.","I. Senses relating to the form or composition of something physical or immaterial.\n\n3. Sc. and Eng. regional (north.). A kind, sort, or species.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Surviving Dialect Word:\n\nInterestingly OED includes usage examples from the late 20th Century for \"mak, n.2, sense I3\" from the Cumbrian dialect.\n\nShows it has remained in constant use.",1953,"(Birkett: ","6)","\"T' upshot was that aah was made delegate, an' given aw mi papers an' aw maks o' instructions.\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","25)","\"Tucker wass a real láal warlick, an' fit fur anni makk uv trick.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","3)","\"Sez t' Bishop (in his own mak' o' toak)\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL106,#REF!,#REF!,AQ106,AV106)","v":3},null,null,null,"Yes","Cumbrian Spelling Variant"]
["manish",null,null,null,"α. 15 mannedge, 15 17 manege (in sense 2), 15–17 mannadge, 15–17 mannage, 15– manage, 16 manadge; Sc. 18– mainage, 18– manage, 19– manies, 19– manis, 19– manish, 19– maunish.",null,"(OED Online: \"manage, v.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"verb","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Italian","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< Italian maneggiare to handle (1298–1309), to be able to use skilfully, to manage, to direct or exercise a horse (14th cent.; > Spanish manejar to manage, use, manipulate (1591)), probably < an unattested post-classical Latin verb < classical Latin manus hand (see manus n.1) + post-classical Latin -izare -ize suffix. Compare French manier (see manner n.).]",null,null,"10. c. trans. With infinitive. To be successful or skilful enough to do something, usually with difficulty or in the face of adversity. Also (ironic): to be unfortunate or unskilful enough to do something particularly foolish or disadvantageous (cf. contrive v.1 6b).","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","14)","\"He hed manished ta git enough wood, Ett prices he weel could afford.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG107,#REF!,AL107,AQ107,AV107)","v":1},"Yes","6, dating between 1762 and 1895",null,"Yes","Cumbrian Spelling Variant"]
["mappen","[ma·pən]",null,null,"15 may happen, 18 mappen (Sc.); Eng. regional 18– m'appen, 18– m'appn, 18– mayhappen, 18– may-'oppen, 18– me-happen, 18– m'happen.","(EDD Online: \"mayhappen, adv.\")","(OED Online: \"mayhappen, adv.\" and \"mayhap, adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Clipping","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: English it may happen.\nEtymology: Shortened < it may happen < it pron. + may v.1 + happen v. Compare maybe adv., mayhap adv., happen adv.]",null,"Perhaps, possibly.","Now arch. and Brit. regional.\n\n = mayhap adv.\n\nDefintion for \"mayhap, adv.\":\n\nNow arch., literary, and Brit. regional.\n \n Perhaps, possibly.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","3)","\"Ah reckin mi braan's far ower vallyble ta bit lost in a plaane crash -sea mappen ye wad agree 'at that's eneuf ta gie mi t' first 'chute?\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG108,#REF!,AL108,AQ108,AV108)","v":1}]
["marra","[ma·rə]",null,null,"lME marewe, lME margh, lME maroo, lME marwe, lME 16 marowe, 15 marroll, 16 marroe, 16 marrowe, 16– marrow, 18– marra, 18– marrah, 18– marrer, 18– marro, 18– marry, 19– marruh, 19– moro, 19– moroo, 19– morra; Sc. pre-17 mairow, pre-17 marou, pre-17 marow, pre-17 marowe, pre-17 marrau, pre-17 marro, pre-17 marrou, pre-17 merrow, pre-17 17– marrow, pre-17 17– morrow, pre-17 19– marraw, 18– marra, 19– marrae, 19– morro, 19– morroo","(EDD Online: \"marrow, sb.2, adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"marrow, n.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Middle English","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[3. Marwe, or felawe yn trauayle, socius, sodalis compar, Prompt.]","[Origin uncertain. Perhaps < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic margr , Icelandic margur ) friendly, communicative, many (see many adj., pron., n., and adv.). Compare marrow v. (attested slightly earlier, although probably derived from the present word in spite of the apparent chronology).]","OED more tentative than EDD in etymology.","3. A companion, mate, partner; a workfellow.","Now Eng. regional (chiefly north.), Irish English (north.), and Sc.\n\nI. A companion, partner.\n\n1. a. A companion, a friend; a fellow worker, a partner (cf. mate n.2 1a). Formerly also: †an accomplice (obs.).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","18)","\"he's smuther't bi hawf a duzzen ov his marras.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG109,#REF!,AL109,AQ109,AV109)","v":1}]
["meast",null,null,null,"β. OE (Northumbrian)–ME (north.) maast, OE (Northumbrian)–16 mast, eME masst ( Ormulum), ME maste (north.); Eng. regional (north.) 16 maste, 18 maast, 18 maiyast, 18 meast, 18 myast, 18 myest, 18– maist, 18– measst, 18– meeast; Sc. pre-17 maiste, pre-17 mast, pre-17 maste, pre-17 mayest, pre-17 mayst, pre-17 meist, pre-17 messt, pre-17 mest, pre-17 17–18 meast","(EDD Online: \"most, adj., adv. and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"adj., pron., and n., and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","pronoun","Do Not Match","OED","EDD does not recognise \"most\" as a pronoun",null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[ Cognate with Old Frisian māst , Middle Dutch meest (Dutch meest ), Old Saxon mēst , Middle Low German mēst , meist , Old High German meist (Middle High German meist , German meist ), Old Icelandic mestr , Swedish mest , Danish mest , Gothic maists most < a suffixed (superlative: see -est suffix) form of the Germanic base of mo adv.1]",null,"8. sb. The greater part, the majority.","B. pron. and n.\n\nI. As a superlative corresponding to much.\n\n2. In phrases used adverbially.\n\nd. the most: to the greatest degree or extent, most of all. Cf. sense C. 1.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","16)","\"When the' seed Jake ett last, Ett wass whoa could laugh méast which just seemed ta add ta Jake's greif.\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","10)","\"Jobby n' Joe beath lived at t' Reed Diall […]. Meast efterneuns through t' week, if t' weather waz awreet, t' pair on trhem wad meet up.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG110,#REF!,AL110,AQ110,AV110)","v":2}]
["meynd",null,null,null,"ME mend, ME mende, ME–16 minde, ME–16 mynd, ME–16 mynde, 15 mynne, 15– mind, 18– mine (Jamaican); Eng. regional 18 meind, 18 mineteed (past tense), 18 minn'd (past tense), 18 moind, 18– mahnd, 18– min', 18– minden (past participle), 18– mine, 18– mineted (past tense); Sc. pre-17 minde, pre-17 17 mynde, pre-17 17– mind, pre-17 18 mynd, pre-17 18 myne, pre-17 19– meind, 17 mein, 17– mine, 18– min, 18– min'; Irish English (north.) 18– min', 18– mind, 19– mine. ","(EDD Online: \"mind, v.\")","(OED Online: \"mind, v.\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","English by Conversion","Do Not Match","[1. OE. myndgian, to remember, bear in mind.]","[Derived from < mind n.1.\n\nHence:\n\nAphetic < i-mind n.\n\nHence:\n\nGermanic: OE gemind, OE gimynd (chiefly Northumbrian), OE–eME gemynd, lOE gemynde, lOE–eME gemund, eME ȝemiend (south-east midl.), eME ȝemund, eME ȝemynd, eME imiend (south-east midl.), eME imunde, eME imynd, eME ymvnde, ME imund (south-west. and south-west midl.), ME ymund (south-west.).]",null,"3. To remind; to admonish.","I. To remember; to bring or call to mind.\n\n1. trans.\n\nc. To remind (a person) or put (a person) in mind of (also with about, on, or with clause or infinitive). Now chiefly Sc.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","2)","\"Ah wes gaen neyce an' easy, meyndin' on ta keep mi feut off t' accelerator.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB111,#REF!,AL111,AQ111,AV111)","v":2}]
["midden","[mi·din]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"midden, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"midden, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Danish","Early Scandinavian","Do Not Match","[1. A middynge, sterquilinium, Cath. Angl. (1483); fowler myddyng sawe þow never nane, Hampole Pr. C. (c. 1340) 628. Dan. mødding, a dunghill; møg-dynge, a dung-heap (Larsen); ON. myki-dyngja (Vigfusson).]","[A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norwegian mødding.\nEtymology: < an early Scandinavian compound (compare Norwegian (Bokmål) mødding, Danish mødding (earlier møgdynge ), Swedish regional mödding ) < the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic myki (see muck n.1) + the Scandinavian base of Icelandic dyngja (see dung n.). The expected Old Icelandic form would be *myki-dyngja (compare Norwegian regional mykjadunge , mykjardunge ). Compare post-classical Latin medena (1376 in a British source). Compare earlier mixen n.]",null,"1. Any place or receptacle for dirt and rubbish; a dunghill, a heap of manure or refuse, the cesspool of a privy. Also used attrib.","1. a. A dunghill, a dung heap; a refuse heap. Also: a domestic ash-pit. Now chiefly Sc. and Eng. regional (north.).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","7)","\"When yah see a hen scratten n' pecken on a midden […] wat diz it deh efter its scrattid?\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB112,AG112,AL112,AQ112,AV112)","v":1}]
["mire",null,null,null,"ME mir, ME muir, ME muire, ME mur, ME mure, ME muyre, ME mye (transmission error), ME myere, ME myir, ME myrre, ME–15 moyre, ME–15 myr, ME–16 myer, ME–18 myre, ME– mire, 15 mier, 15 myar, 15 myare, 18– moire (Eng. regional (midl.))","(EDD Online: \"mire, sb. and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"mire, n.1\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"noun","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Early Scandinavian","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic mýrr (Icelandic mýri ), Norwegian myr , Old Swedish myr (Swedish myr ), Danish myr ) < a variant of the Germanic base of mese n.1 In sense 4 after spec. use of Swedish myr.]",null,null,"2. a. Wet or soft mud; ooze; dirt.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED","EDD does not recognise the \"mud\" sense of mire, n.\n\nEDD only recognises the use of mire, n. in applications to mud or dirt still in contact with the earth, rather than mud or dirt which has accumulated on an object. Consult the following EDD definition:\n\n1. sb. A bog, swamp; wet, boggy land.",1979,"(Cooper: ","24)","\"Ootseed uv t' car ess céaked I' mire.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG113,#REF!,AL113,AQ113,AV113)","v":1},"Yes","4, dating between 1755 and 1871",null,"Yes","Diffused into Cumbrian"]
["mizzel","[mi·zl]",null,null,"17– mizzle, 18 misli; also Eng. regional 18– missle (Lancs.), 18– mizel (Yorks.), 18– mizzel (Dorset), 19– moizle (Yorks.); U.S. regional 18– mizzel, 18– mizzil","(EDD Online: \"mizzle, v.2\")","(OED Online: \"mizzle, v.3\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Origin uncertain; perhaps < Shelta misli to go (although this itself is of entirely uncertain origin, and may even be a loan of the English word).\nThe form misli (in quot. 1891 at sense 1) probably reflects the Shelta form.]",null,"1. To disappear quickly; to slink away; to take oneself off; freq. in imp.: be off!","slang.\n \n1. intr. To go away suddenly; to vanish, disappear. Frequently with off. Also in imper.: ‘go away!’","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","17)","\"Awivver be Barney gits doon there awt lads hed mizzelt, gone as clean as a whussel.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB114,AG114,AL114,AQ114,AV114)","v":1}]
["mun","[mun]",null,"Preterite: mud","ME–17 mun; Eng. regional (chiefly north. and midl.)","(EDD Online: \"mun, v.1\")","(OED Online: \"mun, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old Norse","Early Scandinavian","Do Not Match"," [1. Gif thai assalȝe, we mon defend, Barbour Bruce\n (1375) IX. 31. ON. munu, 3 pr. pl., will, shall, see Vigfusson\n (s.v. munu). 3. Þat þe men of Medi man, be ȝoure\n leue, Lang all in oure lawe, Wars Alex. (c. 1450) 1681.]","[< an early Scandinavian auxiliary verb expressing futurity (compare Old Icelandic monu , munu (1st and 3rd singular present indicative mon , mun (also man : see maun v.1); past tense munda ) shall, will, Old Swedish (1st and 3rd singular present indicative) mon , mun , mana , mane , (past tense) monde , munde , mande (Swedish (1st and 3rd singular present indicative) †mån , †mon , †månn , (originally past tense) månde , †månne , †monde can, shall, will), Danish (originally past tense) monne , monde shall, will) < the same Scandinavian base as Old Icelandic muna to remember (see mone v.)]","OED looks at more Scandinavian languages than the EDD. Similarities across many Scandinavian languages (such as Danish, Icelandic and Swedish) extend this verbs etymology past the language of Old Norse.","1. Must","Sc. and Eng. regional (chiefly north. and midl.). A modal auxiliary, normally complemented by the bare infinitive. \n\n1. a. Expressing necessity or obligation: am (is, or are) obliged to, must. Formerly also in weakened sense, expressing certain futurity: shall. In past tense, expressing the future in the past or a hypothetical condition: should, would.","EDD and OED Definition","No","OED","EDD provides \"translational\" definition, expecting the reader to understand the meaning of \"must.\" As a result, the user must do further research/ make inferences based on usage examples.",1953,"(Birkett: ","5)","\"Aah mun tell ye ho aah com te be chosen delegate for t' W.I.\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","8)","\"He kenned t' burd mun git weshed through theer.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","18)","\"when t' geame's ower an' duen wid, he mun shek han's wid ivvery yan i' seet.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB115,AL115,#REF!,AQ115,AV115)","v":3}]
["nār1","[nā(r)]","naar","nar","(OED Online: \"nar, adv., prep.\")\n\nME nare (north.), ME ner, ME nerþere (comparative, transmission error), ME–15 nerr, ME–15 nerre, ME–16 nar (chiefly east midl. and north.), ME–16 narre (chiefly east midl. and north.), 15–16 narr; Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 17– nar","(EDD Online: \"near, adv., prep. and adj.1\")","(OED Online: \"near, adv. 2 (prep.2)\" and \"nar, adv., prep.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A","Variant spelling (naar) used in Birkett (1953: 15) indicates similar long \"a\" sound indicated by diactritic in Traditional Cumbrian.\n\nBoth OED and EDD recognise \"near\" as a preposition. The boundary between the two word classes is often fuzzy, so this classification is beneficial.",null,"Early Scandinavian","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic nær , adverb, ‘nearer, near’ (see near adv.1), Old Icelandic nærr , adverb, ‘nearer’, representing a double comparative formation < the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic nær (see near adv.1) + the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic -r -er suffix3, and Old Icelandic nærri , adverb, ‘nearer, near’, probably originally an adjectival formation (see nar adj.)). Old Icelandic nær , nærri were used in both comparative and positive sense (compare etymological note s.v. near adv.2); in modern Icelandic nær (the reflex of both nær and nærr ) is used only in comparative sense (except in compounds), and nærri only in positive sense. Compare nar adj.\n\nThere is complete semantic overlap with near adv.1 and near adv.2 (see etymological note s.v. nar adj. for the distinction between these words).]",null,"Unclear, see notes","OED lists two possible defintions [cf. \"near, adv. 2 (prep.2)\" and \"nar, adv., prep.\"]\n\nnar, adv., prep.:\n\nIn later use chiefly Sc. and Eng. regional (north.).\n\nI. Denoting proximity.\n\n1. Near, close.\n\nnear adv.2 (prep.2): more detailed defintion, specifically concerned with the headwords use in variant grammatical structures.\n\nIII. With a prepositional phrase introduced by to (also †unto) as complement.\n\n16. a. Close to a place, thing, or person, esp. in space or time. Also fig.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"near, adv. (prep.)\" objectively. Reader is expected to make inferences based on usage examples and to conduct further research.",1953,"(Birkett: ","15)","\"Skippin'! She's varra naar twenty steàn if she's a pund.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG116,#REF!,AL116,AQ116,AV116)","v":1}]
["nivver","[ni·və(r)]",null,null,"ME–15 neuir, ME–15 nevir, ME–15 nevyr, ME–16 neuer, ME–16 newer, ME– never; Eng. regional 18 nivva, 18– niver, 18– nivver","(EDD Online: \"never, adv., sb.\")","(OED Online: \"never, adv. and int.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by compounding.\n\n< ne adv.1 + ever adv. and adj.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. adv.\n\n1. At no time or moment; on no occasion; not ever.\n \na. In general use.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD entry does not provide a definiton for \"never, adv.\"",1953,"(Birkett: ","5)","\"Aah've nivver missed a meeting sen it started\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","8)","\"Joe let flee béath barrels ett yance, t' láal pidgin nivver stood a chance.\"","Poetry",1984,"(Roberts: ","14)","\"Efter a while t' welcom wore a bit thin an ah wish't they'd nivver bin born.\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","12)","\"She'll nivver know the pleasure on a Sundah, when it's nice, Cawun ut Oily Johnnies for a meal, at knock-down price.\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","16)","\"He nivver marrit, but meyne ah dar say he wad ev hed t' chance menny a teyme\"","Prose",{"$f":"COUNTA(AV117,#REF!,#REF!,#REF!,#REF!)","v":5}]
["nobbut","[no·bət]","nobbet",null,"α. ME no bit (transmission error), ME no bot, ME nobot, ME no but, 19– nobut (Irish English (north.)); Eng. regional (north.) 17– nobbut, 18 nobber, 18 nobbet, 18 nobt, 18 no'but, 18– nobbat, 18– nobberd, 18– nobbit, 18– nobbud, 18– nobbur, 18– nobud, 18– nobut; also Sc. pre-17 no but, 18 nobut.","(EDD Online: \"nobbut, adv., conj., prep. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"nobbut, prep., conj., and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: no adv.1, but conj.]",null,"1. adv. Only; nothing but; lit. not but.","C. adv.\n\nOnly, merely, just.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","6)","\"aah set nowt bi them frocks wid neàh backs till them. Ye nobbut leùk hoaf-neàked.\"","Prose",1984,"(Roberts: ","1)","\"Ah wish she'd leave her garden aléane, we've nobbut got slugs in oors!\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","12)","\"Luck! T' yoghurts are nobbut hafe price. We'll buy a dozen extra, lad, Und stick the in't fridge, on t'ice?\" ","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","6)","\"If yah wad nobbet give that brain thoo's boin blest wid a good ratchen yah wad hev neah doot at aw that yer wrang.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"COUNTA(AQ118,#REF!,#REF!,#REF!,AV118)","v":4}]
["nowt1","[nout]",null,null,"Eng. regional 17 noutt, 17– nort (south. and south-west.), 17– nout, 17– nowt, 18 now't, 18 nowte, 18– naowt (north-west midl.), 18– noat, 18– noht, 18– no't, 19– noot (Notts.), 19– note (Notts.), 19– nurt (Somerset); Sc. (south.) 18– nowt; Irish English (north.) 18– nout, 18– nowt","(EDD Online: \"nought, sb., adj., adv. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"nought, pron., n., adv., and adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","pronoun","Do Not Match","OED",null,null,"English by Variation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Representing a variety of English regional, Scots, and Irish English pronunciations of nought pron., n., adv., and adj. (compare γ forms at that entry)\n\n\"Nought pron., n., adv., and adj.,\"\n\nFormed within English by Compounding:\n\n< ne adv.1 + aught pron., adj., and adv. (see β forms at that entry). Compare naught pron., n., adj., and adv., of which some of the Middle English and later forms given here may show continuations (see note below), not adv., n., and int.",null,"1. sb. Nothing.","Eng. regional (chiefly north. and midl.), Sc. (south.), and Irish English (north.).\n\nA. pron.\n\nNothing, not anything; = naught pron. 1.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","OED defintion found in \"nowt, pron., adj., adv., and n.2\"",1984,"(Roberts: ","3)","\"Them insects is ganna growe far ower big if there's nowt ter guzzle them awl.\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","10)","\"So ah've jotted doon a few things ut t'Queen knows nowt about.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","2)","\"We hed t' parson in t' frunt wid us, bit he sed nowt, just 'at we'd gitten a neyce day fer t' job.\"","Prose",2006,"(Graham: ","3)","\"Cheap rubbish. Nowt but cheap rubbish.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"COUNTA(AQ119,#REF!,#REF!,#REF!,AV119)","v":4}]
["nowt2",null,null,null,"Eng. regional 17 noutt, 17– nort (south. and south-west.), 17– nout, 17– nowt, 18 now't, 18 nowte, 18– naowt (north-west midl.), 18– noat, 18– noht, 18– no't, 19– noot (Notts.), 19– note (Notts.), 19– nurt (Somerset); Sc. (south.) 18– nowt; Irish English (north.) 18– nout, 18– nowt",null,"(OED Online: \"nought, pron., n., adv., and adj.\" and \"nowt, pron., adj., adv., and n.2\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"adverb","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"English by Variation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Representing a variety of English regional, Scots, and Irish English pronunciations of nought pron., n., adv., and adj. (compare γ forms at that entry)\n\n\"Nought pron., n., adv., and adj.,\"\n\nFormed within English by Compounding:\n\n< ne adv.1 + aught pron., adj., and adv. (see β forms at that entry). Compare naught pron., n., adj., and adv., of which some of the Middle English and later forms given here may show continuations (see note below), not adv., n., and int.",null,null,"C. adv.\n \n†1. To no extent; in no way; not at all. Obs.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED","Marked as obsolete by the OED. Not the case, still used in dialect.",1953,"(Birkett: ","6)","\"Bit aah cared nowt\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG120,#REF!,AL120,AQ120,AV120)","v":1},"Yes","2, dating 1870 and 1887",null,"No","Obs."]
["oalas",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"always, adv.\")","No",null,"No",null,null,"No EDD or OED Entry","Neither","Neither EDD nor OED recognise \"oalas\" as headword or as a spelling variant.\n\nResearcher suggests it is a variant of \"always, adv.\"",null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,"Uncertain. Spelling variant may be unique to Cumbria.",null,null,"No EDD or OED Definition",null,"Neither","Appropriate definition from OED entry for \"always, adv.\":\n\n1. On all occasions, at all times; on every occasion, every time; (sometimes with the implication of annoyance) repeatedly, over and over.",1953,"(Birkett: ","21)","\"Noo aah've oalas thowt oor Methoosaleh was far ower easy wid aw t' young bits ov whippersnappers frae t War Ag.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG121,#REF!,AL121,AQ121,AV121)","v":1}]
["on",{"$nulls":4},"(EDD Online: \"on, prep., adv. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"on, prep.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian an , on , Old Dutch ana , an (Middle Dutch ane , an , aen , Dutch aan ), Old Saxon an (Middle Low German an ), Old High German ana , an (Middle High German ane , an , German an ), Old Icelandic á , Old Swedish å , Old Danish aa (Danish (regional) aa ), Gothic ana < the same Indo-European base as Younger Avestan ana upon, along, ancient Greek ἀνά on, upon, up. Compare a prep.1]",null,"8. Of; freq. used with pers. pron. instead of the possess. pron.","III. From, of.\n\n28. = of prep.   (in various senses). Now arch. and regional.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","23)","\"\"Martha lass,\" he says, quiet-like, \"theer's some folks he neah tact but plenty sense. Thoo's yan on them.\"\"","Prose",2002,"(Forsyth: ","17)","\"t' furst un 'll be fallen doon flat in t' penalty area. It's gat ta leuk nattural, meynd, cos if the' mak a lot on 't, the ref 'll just say 'DIVE' an' wave 'play on.'\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG122,#REF!,AL122,AQ122,AV122)","v":2}]
["ont","[on]",null,null,"OE– on","(EDD Online: \"prep., adv. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"on, prep.\" and \"of, prep.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian an , on , Old Dutch ana , an (Middle Dutch ane , an , aen , Dutch aan ), Old Saxon an (Middle Low German an ), Old High German ana , an (Middle High German ane , an , German an ), Old Icelandic á , Old Swedish å , Old Danish aa (Danish (regional) aa ), Gothic ana < the same Indo-European base as Younger Avestan ana upon, along, ancient Greek ἀνά on, upon, up. Compare a prep.1]",null,"8. Of; freq. used with pers. pron. instead of the possess. pron.","III. From, of.\n\n28. = of prep.   (in various senses). Now arch. and regional.\n\nSpecifically:\n\nVII. Indicating the material or substance of which something is made or consists.\n\n24. Forming a complement to the object of a transitive clause, indicating a person or thing regarded as what is specified by the object of the clause.\n\nb. With reference to things. With it.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Almost identical:\n\nEDD does not mention the compounding of the \"of\" sense of \"on\" with \"it.\"",2006,"(Graham: ","4)","\"Tom thowt aboot this treacley soil n' wundert if it wad be pssoible ta meck summat ont\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB123,AG123,AL123,AQ123,AV123)","v":1}]
["our","[eu·ə(r)]",null,"oor","ME–15 ower, ME–15 owyr, ME–16 oure, ME–16 owr, ME–16 owre, ME– our, 15 overe, 15–16 ouer, 15–16 ovr; Eng. regional 17 aur (north.), 17–18 awr (Yorks.), 18 air, 18 eur (Devon), 18 ewar (north midl. and north.), 18 ooar (north midl. and north.), 18 or (north midl. and north.), 18– aar (north.), 18– ahr (north.), 18– ar (north.), 18– awwer (north.), 18– eaur (north.), 18– eawer (north.), 18– eawr (north.), 18– ir (north.), 18– oor (north.)","(EDD Online:\"poss. adj.\")","(OED Online:\"our, pron. and adj.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A","Possessive adjective.",null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[As pronoun, cognate with Old Frisian ūser , Old Saxon ūser (Middle Low German unser , ūser ), Old High German unsēr , unser , (rare) unsar (Middle High German unser , German (now literary) unser ), Old Icelandic vár , Gothic unsara , genitive plural form of the Germanic first person plural oblique personal pronoun (see us pron.). As adjective, cognate with Old Frisian ūse , Old Dutch unsa (Middle Dutch onse , (older, rare) onser , Dutch onze ), Old Saxon ūsa , (rare) ūse (Middle Low German unse , ūse ), Old High German unserēr (in Franconian also in shortened form unser ; Middle High German unser , German unser ), Old Icelandic várr (Icelandic (honorific) vor ), Norn (Orkney and Shetland) vor , Faroese (archaic) vár (also (representing a secondary formation after the objective case) †osara ), Norwegian vår , Old Swedish var , etc. (Swedish vår ), Old Danish vor (Danish (archaic) vor , now usually vores (compare ours pron. and adj.)), Gothic unsar < a Germanic possessive adjective with the same base as the pronoun forms above.]",null,"2. Belonging to the speaker's family or household; gen. used before proper names.","B. adj. The possessive adjective corresponding to we pron., n., and adj.\n\n2. spec. In various institutional contexts.\n\nb. colloq. Used familiarly with a person's name to denote a relative, friend, or acquaintance of the speaker, or (with title and surname) an employee of a company, etc. spec. (esp. with a forename) as a form of address for a family member. Cf. our (also are) kid at kid n.1 Additions, our one n. at Special uses.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","4)","\"Oor Tom waz ower ta see es yisterdah\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB124,AG124,AL124,AQ124,AV124)","v":1}]
["owder","[ǭ·ðə(r)] is the nearest given by the EDD.\n\nResearcher would pronounce as:\n\n[aw·ðə(r)] ","owther",null,"OED does not recognise Cumbrian spelling variant of \"either.\" Consult the following:\n\nOE ǽg-, œ́g-, éghwæðer, OE–ME ǽgðer, ME eigðer, (ME Orm. eȝȝðer), ME æiðer, aieþer, ME eiðer, eiþer, ME aiþer, aither, ayther, ( ayder, ME eyder), ME–15 ether, (? ME–15 aþer, ather, athir, ME euther, ewther), ME–16 eyther, eythir, (ME eithar), 15 eather, ME– either.","(EDD Online: \"either, adj., pron. and conj.\")","(OED Online: \"either, adj. (and pron.) and adv. (and conj.)\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adverb","Do Not Match","OED","EDD IS WRONG:\n\nEDD doesn't recognise the adverbial use of \"either,\" despite having usage examples in its entry which use the adverbial form:\n\ne.g. \n\n(2) Wm. Ader he'll kill me, er I'll kill him, Robison Aald Taales (1882)\n\n(19) Cum. Tou's owther fuil or font, Anderson Ballads (1805)\n\n(20) Lan. He's allus at uther him or me, Burnett Lowrie's (1877)","Old English","Germanic","Do Not Match","[These forms repr. two distinct primitive types, whereof No. 1 appears in OE. ǣghæðer (contr. ǣgðer), ME. ayþer (either), and No. 2 in OE. āhwæðer, āwðer, āðor, ME. owþer, oþer. The owther forms became obs. in lit. E. in 16th c.]","[Old English ǽghwæðer (contracted ǽgðer ) = Old High German eogihwedar (Middle High German iegeweder ), < West Germanic *aiwo(n (in Old English á , ó ) ay adv., always + *gihwaþaro-z (in Old English gehwæðer : see y- prefix and whether pron., adj., and conj.) each of two.]","Very similar, with the main difference being the level of detail.\n\nBoth reognise the importance of OE ǽghwæðer in their etymologies.\n\nOED considers more languages in its etymology. OED is more detailed.","Unclear, see notes","II. Adverbial uses of A. II. \"One or other of the two.\"\n\n3. Introducing the mention of alternatives.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","\"Owder\" set within EDD entry for \"either\" as a dialectal variant. Not defined objectively, only illustrated by usage examples.",2006,"(Graham: ","7)","\"Here's summat else a bet yah cannet answer owther. Wat can a white hen […] deuh that a black hen cannet deuh?\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB125,AG125,AL125,AQ125,AV125)","v":1}]
["ower1","[ou·ә(r)]",null,null,"γ. chiefly north. and north-west midl. ME oure, ME owere, ME owr, ME owre, ME owur, ME owyr, ME–15 our, ME–15 ower; Eng. regional 17– ower, 18– oher (Lincs.), 18– ooer (north.), 18– oor (north.), 18– our (north.), 18– owre (north.), 19– owr (north.), 19– owwer (north.); Sc. pre-17 ovr, pre-17 owere, pre-17 owir, pre-17 owyr, pre-17 17 ou'r, pre-17 17–18 our, pre-17 17–18 oure, pre-17 17–18 owr, pre-17 17– owre, pre-17 18– ower, 18 oo'r, 18 ow'r, 18– ouer; also Irish English (north.) 18 owre, 18– our, 18– ower, 19– oure.","(EDD Online: \"over, prep., adv., adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"over, adv. and int.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with (usually as both adverb and preposition (see over prep.) and as adverbial prefix: see over- prefix) Old Frisian over , Middle Dutch ōver (Dutch over ), Old Saxon oƀar , oƀer , ofer (Middle Low German ȫver , ōver ), Old High German ubar , (also ubari , ubiri , adverb; Middle High German über , German über ), Old Icelandic yfer (also ofar , adverb), Old Swedish övir , yvir (Swedish över ), Danish over , Gothic ufar < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit upari over, above, ancient Greek ὑπέρ over, and (apparently with extended form of the base) classical Latin super above < the Indo-European base of Sanskrit upa towards, near, ancient Greek ὑπό under, Gothic uf (see over adj. for other cognates in Germanic languages), and (apparently with extended form of the base) classical Latin sub under + an Indo-European comparative suffix.]",null,"18. Too; too much.","A. adv.\nIV. With reference to quantity.\n\n11. a. Beyond what is normal or proper; too much; excessively; too. See also over and above prep. 2. Now chiefly Eng. regional (north.) and Sc.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","3)","\"Jam pan wass ower láal, an' the'd nowt bigger in t' shops.\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","8)","\"Ah know thoo'se far ower crafty tu leave t'fish liggen ootside\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","3)","\"His eyes er set ower clwose tagither\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL126,#REF!,#REF!,AQ126,AV126)","v":3}]
["ower2","[ou·ә(r)]","owre",null,"Chiefly north. and north-west midl. ME oure, ME owere, ME owr, ME owre, ME owur, ME owyr, ME–15 our, ME–15 ower; Eng. regional 17– ower, 18– oher (Lincs.), 18– ooer (north.), 18– oor (north.), 18– our (north.), 18– owre (north.), 19– owr (north.), 19– owwer (north.)","(EDD Online: \"over, prep., adv., adj. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"over, prep. and conj.\")","Yes","No","Yes","preposition","preposition","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old Frisian over , Middle Dutch ōver (Dutch over ), Old Saxon oƀar , oƀer , ofer (Middle Low German ȫver , ōver ), Old High German ubar , (also ubari , ubiri , adverb; Middle High German über , German über ), Old Icelandic yfer (also ofar , adverb), Old Swedish övir , yvir (Swedish över ), Danish over , Gothic ufar < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit upari over, above, ancient Greek ὑπέρ over, and (apparently with extended form of the base) classical Latin super above < the Indo-European base of Sanskrit upa towards, near, ancient Greek ὑπό under, Gothic uf (see over adj. for other cognates in Germanic languages), and (apparently with extended form of the base) classical Latin sub under + an Indo-European comparative suffix.]",null,"5. Across, on the other side of.","A. \n\nIV. Across (above, or on a surface). \n\n16. a. From side to side of (a surface or space); across, to the other side of (a sea, river, boundary, etc.).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD does not recognise this sense as being present in Cumbrian. No usage examples are listed, leading the reader to believe it isn't present in the dialect.",1999,"(Fisher: ","10)","\"Much admired be thoosands, biaath ut yam, und ower t'sea.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG127,#REF!,AL127,AQ127,AV127)","v":1}]
["ower4",null,null,null,"γ. chiefly north. and north-west midl. ME oure, ME owere, ME owr, ME owre, ME owur, ME owyr, ME–15 our, ME–15 ower; Eng. regional 17– ower, 18– oher (Lincs.), 18– ooer (north.), 18– oor (north.), 18– our (north.), 18– owre (north.), 19– owr (north.), 19– owwer (north.); Sc. pre-17 ovr, pre-17 owere, pre-17 owir, pre-17 owyr, pre-17 17 ou'r, pre-17 17–18 our, pre-17 17–18 oure, pre-17 17–18 owr, pre-17 17– owre, pre-17 18– ower, 18 oo'r, 18 ow'r, 18– ouer; also Irish English (north.) 18 owre, 18– our, 18– ower, 19– oure.",null,"(OED Online: \"over, adv. and int.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"adverb","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with (usually as both adverb and preposition (see over prep.) and as adverbial prefix: see over- prefix) Old Frisian over , Middle Dutch ōver (Dutch over ), Old Saxon oƀar , oƀer , ofer (Middle Low German ȫver , ōver ), Old High German ubar , (also ubari , ubiri , adverb; Middle High German über , German über ), Old Icelandic yfer (also ofar , adverb), Old Swedish övir , yvir (Swedish över ), Danish over , Gothic ufar < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit upari over, above, ancient Greek ὑπέρ over, and (apparently with extended form of the base) classical Latin super above < the Indo-European base of Sanskrit upa towards, near, ancient Greek ὑπό under, Gothic uf (see over adj. for other cognates in Germanic languages), and (apparently with extended form of the base) classical Latin sub under + an Indo-European comparative suffix.]",null,null,"III. With reference to position: to, on the other side, across.\n\n5. a. From one point to another across an intervening space.\n\nOriginally used with reference to crossing the surface of the sea or other water (cf. over prep. 16a), a street, a field, or other defined area; later used more generally of crossing the space or distance between two places. Hence with some sense of completion (of a journey, etc., esp. one whose goal is familiar to the participants in the discourse) when used with verbs in which this is not intrinsic, as go, come, run, take, etc. Also in predicative use in the sense ‘having made such a journey’. With ask, have, invite, etc., now implying ‘to the place where one lives’.\n","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","7)","\"He telt meh that mi ticket was riddy an' handed it ower till mah.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG128,#REF!,AL128,AQ128,AV128)","v":1},"Yes","6, dating between 1705 and 1894",null,"Yes","Cumbrian Spelling Variant"]
["paddle","[pa·dl]",null,null,"α. 15 paddyll, 15–17 padle, 16– paddle, 18– paddel (Eng. regional (north.))","(EDD Online: \"paddle, v.2 and sb.6\")","(OED Online: \"paddle, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Origin uncertain; perhaps < pad v.1 (although this is first attested slightly later) + -le suffix 3; compare German regional (Low German) paddeln to tramp about ( < padden to walk, kick, wade (see pad v.1) + -eln -le suffix 3). Compare earlier puddle v., and also poddle v. Earlier currency is perhaps implied by α. forms at badling n.2]",null,"4. To trample down a place in wet and dirt; to mark with wet or muddy feet.","II. Senses relating to walking.\n\n5. trans. Sc. and Eng. regional (chiefly east midl. and north.). To trample down by treading over; to walk over, esp. with wet or muddy feet.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","13)","\"Greet wohls got padled in t' schéulmaister's grass.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG129,#REF!,AL129,AQ129,AV129)","v":1}]
["paggered",{"$nulls":6},"No",null,"No",null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(K130=\"\", L130=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Entry\",IF(K130=L130, \"Match\",IF(K130=\"\",\"No EDD Entry\", IF(L130=\"\",\"No OED Entry\",\"Do Not Match\"))))","v":"No EDD or OED Entry"},"Neither","adjective",null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(P130=\"\", H130=\"No\", I130=\"No\"), \"No EDD Entry\",IF(AND(P130=\"\", Q130=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Etymology\", IF(P130=Q130, \"Match\", IF(P130=\"\", \"No EDD Etymology\", IF(Q130=\"\", \"No OED Etymology\",\"Do Not Match\")))))","v":"No EDD or OED Etymology"},null,null,"Appears to be a modern (i.e. mid-to-late 20th Century) coinage; does not appear in any dictionaries of traditional Cumbrian dialect (Dickinson 1859; Fergusson 1873; Prevost 1899, 1905).",null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(V130=\"\", W130=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Definition\", IF(V130=\"\", \"OED Definition Only\", IF(W130=\"\", \"EDD Definition Only\", IF(AND(H130=\"Yes\",V130=\"Unclear, see notes\"), \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\", \"EDD and OED Definition\"))))","v":"No EDD or OED Definition"},null,"Neither","Several definitions are offered by various sources:\n\n-\"past tense and p.p. of vb. \"pagger\" broken; rendered useless; done. (Seemingly not in E.D.D. and sundry other sources; but Rollinson gives paggered \"exhausted, jiggered.\") [defintion from a stand-alone dialect glossary] (Shorrocks 2011: 107)\n\n-\"exhausted: Aa's fair paggered\" [definition from a popular glossary] (Barker 2007: 23)\n\n-\"exhausted\" [definition from a \"translational\" glossary appended to dialect literature] (Forsyth 2002: 114)\n\n",2002,"(Forsyth: ","4)","\"Ah's nivver bin sea paggart - playin' center forret fer Banton 'Arriers […] wes a doddle compairt till an efterneun's shoppin' wid t'owd boddy.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG130,#REF!,AL130,AQ130,AV130)","v":1}]
["pelt","[pelt]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"pelt, v., sb.5 and adv. \")","(OED Online: \"pelt, n.2\" and \"pelt, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< pelt v.1 Compare palt n., and earlier pilt n.\n\nPelt, v.1:\n\nEtymology: Origin uncertain; apparently a variant of pilt v., though the relationship is unexplained (compare γ. forms at that entry). Compare palt]",null,"7. A rush; speed, rate.","3. b. Chiefly Eng. regional (north.). The action of running quickly; a rush. See pelt v.1 6.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","16)","\"He dis a quick U-turrn an' gaas back fast as t' bike can pelt.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG131,#REF!,AL131,AQ131,AV131)","v":1}]
["pot1","[pɐt]","pat",null,"Huge discussion:\n\nFor analysis of variant forms of \"put, v.\", cf. OED Online:\n\nhttp://www.oed.com.ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/view/Entry/155188?rskey=gsdf0f&result=4#eid27635463","(EDD Online: \"put, v.1 and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"put, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Variation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Probably partly the reflex of an unattested Old English weak verb of the second class, either *pūtian , a doublet form of pȳtan (compare below), or *putian , a doublet form of potian (see pote v.; apparently a cognate of pȳtan); and partly the reflex of Old English pȳtan, a weak verb of the first class. Further etymology unknown.]\n\nFor further etymological discussion cf. OED Online: \"put, v.\"",null,"2. Comb. with adv., prep., &c.:\n\n(16) Put on, (a) to clothe, dress; gen. in pp.;","II. trans. To bring (a person or thing) physically into or out of a particular place or position.\n\nA weakening of the sense ‘to thrust, push’ in sense I., the implication or expression of the application of force being absent or (esp. in senses 11a   and 11b, and when followed by into or in) substantially diminished.\n\n11. d. To place (a garment, piece of jewellery, etc.) on (also upon) a person, the body, etc. (formerly also occasionally to take †off a person). See also to put on 2a(a) at Phrasal verbs 1, to put off 3a at Phrasal verbs 1.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","EDD headword only defined briefly through compound.\n\nOED definition for the phrasal verb \"to put on\" could also be applied here:\n\nto put on\n\n2. spec.\n\na.(a) trans. To place (an item of clothing, footwear, headgear, etc.) on a part of the body, so as to be wearing it; to don. Also fig. Cf. to put off 3a at Phrasal verbs 1.",2006,"(Graham: ","15)","\"The feller sits his sell doon n' Bob pot a cwoarse drat roon his neck\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB132,AG132,AL132,AQ132,AV132)","v":1}]
["powk","[pōk]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"poke, v.2, sb.5 and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"poke, v.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Multiple Origins","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Apparently either < Middle Dutch pōken to stoke (a fire), to stab, also ‘to thrust, push’ (Dutch poken to stoke (a fire)), or < its cognate Middle Low German pōken to thrust with a knife or dagger, or perhaps the reflex of an Old English cognate of these words (see note); Middle Dutch pōken and Middle Low German pōken are related to Middle Dutch poke dagger, poker (Dutch pook poker), Middle Low German pōk dagger, large knife (German regional (Low German) pook), all ultimately of unknown origin. It is not clear if the verbs or nouns are primary in Middle Low German and Middle Dutch.]",null,"4. To dawdle, loiter; to perform work, such as digging or quarrying, in a slow, clumsy manner.","I. General uses.\n\n7. intr.\n\nb. To potter about; to move or work in a desultory, ineffective, or dawdling way.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","1)","\"when ah waz cummen past Maggie Beattie's, she waz theer powken aboot in t' gardin\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB133,AG133,AL133,AQ133,AV133)","v":1}]
["rammle","[ra·m(b)l]",null,null,"β. Eng. regional (Cumberland) 18– rammel; Sc. 17– rammle.","(EDD Online: \"v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"ramble, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Conversion","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by conversion. \n\nEtymon: ramble v.\n\nEtymology: < ramble v. Compare earlier rambling n.",null,"7. sb. A digression in writing; a disjointed speech or tale.","†2. Rambling in thought or speech, incoherence. Obs. rare.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1984,"(Roberts: ","20)","\"Ah knwas thoo's pullin mi leg, thoo's hevvin yan o' the rammles.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG134,#REF!,AL134,AQ134,AV134)","v":1}]
["ratch","[ratʃ]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"ratch, sb.4, v.2 and adj.\")","(OED Online: \"ratch, v.3, rache, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Middle Swedish","Scandinavian","Do Not Match","[1. OE. ræcc, a dog that hunts by scent (B.T.). 2. Cp. MSwed. racka, to run about (Ihre).]","[< ratch, variant of rache n.\n\nrache, n.\n\nEtymology: Cognate with Old Icelandic rakki , Norwegian rakke , Old Swedish rakke (Swedish racka ), Old Danish rakkæ (Danish rakke ) dog, and further with the derivatives Dutch rekel , Middle Low German rēkel dog, further etymology uncertain and disputed: perhaps further related to rake v.1 Compare German regional (Switzerland) Rache hunting dog. Compare ratch v.3]",null," 2. v. To ransack, ferret about; to sneak about like a ravenous dog; to ramble.","Eng. regional (north.), Sc., and U.S. regional.\n \n1. intr. To search or forage for something; to ferret around; to root or ramble about.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","11)","\"He ratched amang t' péaper, nuts an' fruit.\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","8)","\"Than t' Bailiif startid ratchun, upstairs un doon, throo-oot boxes drawers and cupboards.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG135,#REF!,AL135,AQ135,AV135)","v":2}]
["rayder","[rē·ðə(r)]",null,null,"Eng. regional (north. and midl.) 18– raither, 18– rayder (Cumberland), 18– rayther, 18– rether (Northumberland), 19– raatheh, 19– raather, 19– raayther, 19– raedher","(EDD Online: \"rather, adv.\")","(OED Online: \"rather, adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Comparative of rathe adv. (see -er suffix3)]",null,"Unclear, see notes","II. In senses suggesting priority, preference, contrast, or degree.\n\n6. Used to modify a verb, adjective, adverb, etc., in degree. More (so) than not; more than anything else. Hence: in a certain degree or measure; to some extent; somewhat, slightly; (also) considerably, very much.\n\nb. With an adjective, adverb, or phrase.\n\n(b) With a predicative adjective.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD definition is as follows:\n\n1. In phr. (1) rather of or if oather, (2) rather of the ratherest, an almost imperceptible inclination in a certain direction, a very slight difference; on the whole, of the two; (3) rather of the wettest, very wet; (4) rather with a rather, a faint taste or smirch of anything.\n\n2. Lately; just now.\n\nNeither of which define the \"priority, preference, contrast or degree\" sense listed in the OED.",2002,"(Forsyth: ","5)","\"\"Here noo,\" ses he, breathin' oot, \"that's rayder good; pot it in minnit-beuk.\"\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG136,#REF!,AL136,AQ136,AV136)","v":1}]
["rive","[raiv]",null,null,"α. ME–16 riue, ME–16 ryue, ME–16 ryve, ME– rive, lME ryvy (probably transmission error), lME rywe; Eng. regional (north.) 18 ryve, 18– rahve, 18– rauve, 19– raave, 19– rhave; Sc. pre-17 reve, pre-17 riue, pre-17 riwe, pre-17 ryiue, pre-17 ryive, pre-17 ryue, pre-17 rywe, pre-17 17– rive","(EDD Online: \"rive, v. and sb.3\")","(OED Online: \"rive, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Early Scandinavian","No EDD Etymology",null,"[A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Icelandic rífa.\nEtymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic rífa, Norwegian rive, Old Swedish riva (Swedish riva), Old Danish rywæ (Danish rive)), cognate with Old Frisian -rīva (in ūtrīva to tear up, tear out) < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ἐρίπνη broken cliff, crag, classical Latin rīpa riverbank.]",null,"II. Dial. uses.\n\n1. v. To tear forcibly; to split asunder,\ncleave; also used fig.","Now somewhat arch. or literary in standard English, except in senses 9c   and 10.\n\nI. Senses relating to tearing, rending, or pulling.\n\n1. trans.\n\na. To tear apart or in pieces by pulling or tugging; to rend or lacerate. In early use also: †to destroy (obs.). Now Sc. and Eng. regional (north.).\n\n(a) lit.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","10)","\"she's riven t' bed ta bits afwoare ah's oot on t'\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB137,AG137,AL137,AQ137,AV137)","v":1}]
["sark","[sāk]",null,null,"OE serc, serce, syrce, ME syric, suric, ME serc, ME–15 (18 Sc. local) serk, (ME scherk), ME cerke, serke, ME–16 sarke, ME– sark.","(EDD Online: \"sark, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"sark, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"OE/ON","Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. OE. serce, syrce, ON. serkr, a shirt (Vigfusson).]","[Old English sęrc, masculine (also in extended form serce, weak feminine) = Old Norse serk-r (Swedish särk, Danish særk) < Germanic type *sarki-z. Affinities outside Germanic are doubtful: Old Church Slavonic sraka tunic does not correspond phonetically, but some scholars believe it to be adopted < Germanic.]",null,"1. A shirt; a chemise; occas. a nightdress. Also used attrib.","Sc. and north. (and occasionally arch.).\n \na. A garment worn next the skin; a shirt or chemise; occasionally a nightshirt; also transf. a surplice.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1984,"(Roberts: ","3)","\"It's ower dark ter see mi sark.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG138,#REF!,AL138,AQ138,AV138)","v":1}]
["sarra1","[sa·rə]",null,"sarrah","Sc. and dial.ME, 15, 17 ser, ME–15, 18 sar, ME, 17– sair; 18 sarrow, sarra (see Eng. Dial. Dict.)","(EDD Online: \"sarrow, v.\")","(OED Online: \"serve, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology","[The same word as lit. E. ‘serve.’]","[< Old French (and French) servir < Latin servīre to be a servant or slave, to serve, < servus slave, servant. ]","EDD etymology leads nowhere. Directs the reader to \"serve, v.1, sb.1\" for an etymology which isn't there.","5. To satisfy; to suffice.","IV. (Inversion of the construction in branch III. Cf. the converse development of sense in present v. 12, 13, 15.) To dish up (food); to deal out, present (a commodity). \n\n42. a. To set (meat or drink) on the table or before a person; to bring in or dish up (a meal). †Also const. to or into (the table). Also (is) serving = (is) being served.","EDD and OED Definition","No","OED","The EDD entry includes the broad definition of “to satisfy, to suffice,” but neglects the more specific OED categorisation of satisfying hunger, in the sense “to set out a meal.”",2002,"(Forsyth: ","4)","\"If thoo leykes ta stub thi ga-end oot in thi coffee-cup, please tell t' waitress, an' she'll sarra thi' coffee in a ashtray.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG139,#REF!,AL139,AQ139,AV139)","v":1}]
["sarra2",null,null,null,"α. ME (Ormin) serrfenn, serrvenn, ME servie, sarvi, servi, serven, servy, ME–15 serf, ME, 16 serfe, ME–18 (now vulgar) sarve, ME servin, ME–16 Sc. serwe, ME cervyn, servyn(ne, ME–15 Sc. serff, (15 Sc. scherve, 16 searve, searfe, serv), ME– serve. β. ME sarevy, seryf(f, seriff, serof, serryff, sarif, saryf, sarofe. γ. Sc. and dial.ME, 15, 17 ser, ME–15, 18 sar, ME, 17– sair; 18 sarrow, sarra (see Eng. Dial. Dict.).",null,"(OED Online: \"serve, v.1\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"verb","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< Old French (and French) servir < Latin servīre to be a servant or slave, to serve, < servus slave, servant. ]",null,null,"V. To treat in a specified manner.  [Developed from the use of to serve well, ill, etc., in the senses of branch I.   Compare especially sense 4b]\n\n47. b. to serve (a person) right: to treat (an offender) as he deserves. Now chiefly in phr. it serves (me, you, etc.) right; also colloq. serves (you, etc.) right, (and) serve (you, etc.) right, an exclamation of satisfaction at seeing a person punished for his folly or wrong-doing; also as attrib. phr.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1984,"(Roberts: ","13)","\"T' peer auld cat gat pecked on t' head, it sarra him reet for hissin\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG140,#REF!,AL140,AQ140,AV140)","v":1},"Yes","7, dating between 1705 and 1889",null,"Yes","Cumbrian Spelling Variant"]
["scop1","[skop]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"scop, v. and sb.3\")",null,"Yes","No","No","noun",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,null,"3. sb. A smart blow.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD","More specifically defined by Prevost (1899: lxxxvi) as:\n\n\"Scop: to hit with astone thrown by the hand or sling; to hit with the fist.\"",1984,"(Roberts: ","11)","\"Ah hed ter git him ter argify else ah'd gie him a scop ower t' head.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG141,#REF!,AL141,AQ141,AV141)","v":1}]
["scop2","[skop]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"scop, v. and sb.3\")",null,"Yes","Yes","No","verb",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,null,"Nearest definition listed in the EDD is:\n\n2. To throw stones, &c., so as to injure.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"Neither","Semantic bleaching: the object being thrown is removed, producing a general verb meaning \"to throw.\"\n\nNeither EDD nor OED list this semantically bleached sense of \"scop, v.\" ",1999,"(Fisher: ","15)","\"Ah can't afford tu scop thum oot.\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","10)","\"A sheep skin rug n' anuther rug wah scoppt oot et winder\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG142,#REF!,AL142,AQ142,AV142)","v":2}]
["scrat","[skrat]",null,null,"ME–15 scratte, ME–15 skrat, ME skratt, 15 scratt, ME– scrat.","(EDD Online: \"scrat, v. and sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"scrat, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Middle English","Middle English","Match","[1. And nis þet child fulitowen þet schrepeð [v.r. scratteð] aȝean, and bit upon þe ȝerde? Anc. Riwle (c. 1225) 186.]","[Early Middle English scratte, of difficult etymology.\nThe sense coincides with that of Middle Swedish kratta to scratch (so also in modern Swedish dialect; compare Swedish kratta to rake) = Old High German krazzôn (German kratzen ) < Germanic *krattōjan , believed to be the source of Italian grattare , Spanish, Portuguese gratar , French gratter to scratch, grate v.1 Possibly the Middle English word may be an alteration (see S n.1) of an unrecorded *cratte (either < Old English *crattian or adopted < Scandinavian), representing this Germanic verb. Another possibility is that the word may be < Old French esgrater , < es- (see es- prefix) + grater , gratter (see grate v.1).]",null,"1. v. To scratch; to make a scratching noise. See Scart, v.","Obs. exc. dial.\n\n4. a. intr. Of a bird or animal: To rake in the ground with the claws. Also transf. of persons.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","OED","OED is more accurate to Graham's (2006: 7) usage example.\n\nEDD ignores the verb's specific application to birds and animals.",2006,"(Graham: ","7)","\"A hen scrats, then afwore it can peck where its bin scratten it hez ta teck a cupple a steps back\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB143,AG143,AL143,AQ143,AV143)","v":1}]
["screape",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"scrape, n.1\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"noun","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< scrape, v.\n\nMiddle English scrape (also shrape v.), perhaps (see S n.1) directly repr. Old English scrapian (see quot. under sense 4); perhaps < the corresponding Old Norse skrapa to scrape, erase, in Icelandic to clatter (Swedish skrapa , Danish skrabe to scrape) = Middle Dutch, Dutch schrapen < Germanic type *skrapōjan , < root *skrap- , ablaut-var. of *skrep- in Old English screpan (strong; Middle English screpe v. weak) to scrape.\nOther cognates are Dutch, Low German schrappen to scrape (whence German schrappen , schrapfen ), Middle High German schrepfen (modern German schröpfen ) to scarify; the Dutch scrabben scrab v. is probably more remotely connected.]",null,null,"II.\n \n8. An embarrassing or awkward predicament or situation, usually one into which a person is brought by his own imprudence and thoughtlessness.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1984,"(Roberts: ","5)","\"An God thowt til hissell \"It's a gawmless gowk, It's ganne be allus in screapes.\"\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG144,#REF!,AL144,AQ144,AV144)","v":1},"Yes","10, dating between 1709 and 1873",null,"Yes","Cumbrian Spelling Variant"]
["scrow","[skrou]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"scrow(e), sb. and v.\")",null,"Yes","Yes","No","noun",null,"No OED Entry","EDD",null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,null,"2. A state of disorder, confusion, or crowding; a disturbance, uproar, riot; a quarrel.",null,"EDD Definition Only",null,"EDD","A simpler definitiion is provided by Prevost (1899: 276), reading:\n\n\"Disorder, confusion, untidiness\" (my bold.\n\n\"Untidiness\" part of defintion important for Roberts' (1984: 3) usage example: translates ino Standard English as:\n\n\"I'll have to tidy up somewhat, because there is nought but rubbish (kelter) and disorder/untidiness (scrow)\"",1984,"(Roberts: ","3)","\"Ah'll hev ter tidy up a bit, cos it's nowt but kelter and scrow!\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG145,#REF!,AL145,AQ145,AV145)","v":1}]
["seame","[sēm]",null,null,"ME–16 sam, ME ssame, ME–15 some, ME– same.","(EDD Online: \"same, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"same, adj., pron., and adv.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Middle English same, < Old Norse same (masculine), sama (feminine), neuter, rarely in strong form sam-r (Swedish samma, samme, Danish samme); a common Germanic word, but lost in Old English and Old Saxon (which have only the derived adverb, in Old English swá same, Old Saxon so sama, -o, likewise) and in the modern Germanic languages retained only in English and Scandinavian. Compare Old High German sama same (rare, though the derived adverb sama, -o, likewise, similarly, is common), Gothic sama same < Indogermanic *somo-, whence Sanskrit samá level, equal, same, Greek ὁμός same (compare ὁμαλός level), Old Irish som same.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. adj.\n\nI. Not numerically different from an object indicated or implied; identical.\n\n1. With forward reference: Identical with what is indicated in the following context.\n\na. Followed by a clause with relative pronoun (that, who, which) or relative adv. (when, where).","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","OED lists \"seame\" as a dialectal variant of Standard English \"same, adj.\"\n\nEDD definition does not clearly define the \"obvious\" defintion of \"same, adj.\" meaning \"identical.\"",1979,"(Cooper: ","3)","\"Yist wass gitten frae t' varra séam spot.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","2)","\"Ah think we aw three seen t' back I' t' van at t' seame teyme, bit it was Joe t' undertakker 'at spok' up fer us aw.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG146,#REF!,AL146,AQ146,AV146)","v":2}]
["sec1","[sek]","sek, seck",null,"4. α. ME seche, 18 dial. and vulgar sech, setch.","(EDD Online: \"such, adj., pron. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"such, adj. and pron.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","unclear","pronoun","Do Not Match","OED","OED signals use of word; marks pronominal uses.\n\nEDD does not separate senses by word-class, leaving a confusing entry.",null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English swelc , swilc , swylc , corresponding to Old Frisian sellich , -ik , selk , sek , sullik , sulch , sulk (modern Frisian suk , sok ), Old Saxon sulîk , (solîk ), Middle Low German sol(l)ik , sollek , solk (Low German sü(l)k , sö(l)k ), Middle Dutch sulc , selc , solc , swilc , swelc , also sulic , -ec (Dutch zulk , West Flemish also zuk ), Old High German sulîh , -ich , -ech , solîh , -ech , solch- , sol- (Middle High German solich , solch , solh , also sölch , sölh , sülich , sülc , sölk , selch , silch , modern German solch ), Old Norse slíkr (Middle Swedish sliker , Swedish slik , Danish slig ) whence slike adj., Gothic swaleiks < Germanic *swalîko- , *swilîko- , lit. so formed, < swa so adv. and conj. + *lîko- body, form (compare like adj.)]",null,"Unclear, see notes","IV. Absolute and pronominal uses.\n\n21. a. Such a thing; the thing mentioned or referred to.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"such, pron.\". Instead the reader is expected to make inferences about its definition based on usage examples.",1953,"(Birkett: ","7)","\"Sec a daft question!\"","Prose",1999,"(Fisher: ","12)","\"Luck at aw the fun we hev, trailun roond Woolworth's store, for Bob the Builder, Barbie Dolls, und sek like things galore.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","2)","\"Thoo's nut sec a bad han' at tellin' tealls.\"","Prose",2006,"(Graham: ","4)","\"Treacle quarry? […] Wat kine ev a teal are yah ganna tell use aboot noo? Treacle quarry! Seck rubbish.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG147,#REF!,#REF!,#REF!,AV147)","v":4}]
["seg","[seg]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"seg(g), sb.3 and v.2\")","(OED Online: \"seg, n.2\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Icelandic","Old Norse","Do Not Match","[Cp. Mod. Icel. sigg, thick, hard skin, ‘callus’ (Vigfusson).]","[< Old Norse sigg neuter, hard skin (Norwegian sigg, Ross)]",null,"1. sb. A hard place on the skin; esp. a callosity on the hand caused by hard labour.","dial. (See Eng. Dial. Dict.)\n \nA callosity, esp. on the hand.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1984,"(Roberts: ","8)","\"Ah'll let Joe ride aboot till he's sair, my backside's nut ganna git segs.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG148,#REF!,AL148,AQ148,AV148)","v":1}]
["sin","[sin]",null,null,"Also ME–15 (18) syn, 17–18 sin', 17 sun; ME sine, 15 syne; ME–15 synne, 15–16 sinne.","(EDD Online: \"sin, adv., prep. and conj.\")","(OED Online: \"sin, adv., prep. and conj.\" and \"† ˈsithen, adv., conj., and prep.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Old English","Match","[ME. sin, sen, contracted from older siþþen; OE. siþþan = sīþ þon (= þǣm), since, ago, afterwards.]","[Contracted form of sithen adv., conj., and prep.: compare sen n.1, syne adv. and conj., and since adv., prep., and conj. In later use frequently written sin', as if an abbreviation of since.\n\nsithen adv., conj., and prep.:\n\nEtymology: Old English siþþon, siþþan, etc. (see above), for earlier *síð þon (þan) ‘subsequent to that’ (compare æfter þon, and German seitdem), with shortening of the first vowel. The Middle English siþen, sithen, however, may also represent Old Norse síðan (Danish siden), of the same meaning.]",null,"1. adv. Since, ago, since then. See Sine, adv.","Now Sc. and north. dial.\n\nA. adv.\n\n3. Ago; before now. Also long sin, for a long time before (quot. 1596).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","24)","\"Ett wass new wenn ett wass bowt, Barely six months sen.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","16)","\"Ah ran intill Jwohn Ennery Parker a cuppla daays sin.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(#REF!,#REF!,AL149,AQ149,AV149)","v":2}]
["skivvy",null,null,null,"Also scivey, skivey",null,"(OED Online: \"skivvy, n.1\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"noun","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Uncertain","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Of obscure origin.]",null,null,"colloq. (usually derogatory).\n\nA female domestic servant, esp. a maid-of-all-work. Also transf.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED",null,1999,"(Fisher: ","21)","\"Whoa would be a hoose-wife if thu'd any choice at aw? Hardwurkun un-paid skivvies for ivver on the go\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG150,#REF!,AL150,AQ150,AV150)","v":1},"No","Earliest Usage example is 1902","Recent coinage during Wright's time period","No","colloq."]
["soft","[soft]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"soft, adj., adv. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"soft, adj.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Variation","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Apparently an alteration of sefte adj. (see discussion at that entry) after soft adv.]",null,"8. Weak; effeminate; simple; timid, easily imposed upon; foolish; ‘not quite all there’; stupefied with drink.","III. Gentle, sympathetic, or compassionate in character, and related senses.\n\n22. a. colloq. Lacking intelligence or common sense; easily imposed on or deceived; foolish, silly. Also: mentally ill; having learning difficulties. See also soft in the head at Phrases 2.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","OED","EDD lumps several senses together which the OED separates. In this instance, the \"lacking in intelligence\" sense is most accurate to Birkett's (1953: 15) usage example.\n\nThe EDD's \"lumping\" of all senses together may result in the user assigning the wrong sense to \"soft, adj.\"\n\nFor example, the \"stupeifed with drink\" sense is listed under sense 22. b in the OED.",1953,"(Birkett: ","15)","\"\"Wey,\" aah says, \"thoo's softer that aah thowt for tellin' ivverybody where thoo was.\"\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG151,#REF!,AL151,AQ151,AV151)","v":1}]
["steàn","[stiən]","stiaan",null,"OE–ME (ME Sc. and north.) stan, ME stæn, ME ston, ME sten, ME–15 stoon (ME–15 stoone), ME–18 (Sc. and north.) stane, ME Sc. stayne, ( stein), ME–16 stonne, 15 stoan(e, steane, 15–16 Sc. stain(e, 16 Sc., 17–18 dial. Stean","(EDD Online: \"stone, sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"stone, n.\"","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Common Germanic: Old English stán strong masculine corresponds to Old Frisian stên, (West Frisian stên, stien, North Frisian stîn, stîæn), Old Saxon stên (Low German, Dutch steen), Old High German (Middle High German, modern German) stein, Old Norse stein-n (Swedish, Danish sten), Gothic stain-s < Germanic *staino-z, cognate with Old Church Slavonic stêna (Russian stena) wall, and Greek στία, στῖον pebble",null,"Unclear, see notes","1. a. A piece of rock or hard mineral substance (other than metal) of a small or moderate size.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define the \"piece of rock\" sense of \"stone, n.\"",1999,"(Fisher: ","24)","\"Yu might be a clever lass, Ethel, but even you can't git blood frae a stiaan!\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG152,#REF!,AL152,AQ152,AV152)","v":1}]
["stravaig","[stravē·g]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"stravaig, v.\")","(OED Online: \"stravaig, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,"Old French","Uncertain","Do Not Match","[1. OFr. estravaguer, fr. Low Lat. extravagari, to wander out or beyond (C.D.).]","[? Aphetic form of extravage v. (? for *extravague).]",null,"1. v. To wander about aimlessly; to stroll, saunter; to go about idly. Also used fig.; gen. in prp","Chiefly Sc., north., and Irish.\n\n intr. To wander about aimlessly. Also in general literary use, and occasionally trans. with road as obj.\n\nHence:\n\nstraˈvaiging  n. and adj. /strəˈveɪɡɪŋ/","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","8)","\"Aah divvent agree te oppenin' t' fell footpaths te aw t' stravagin' visitors.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG153,#REF!,AL153,AQ153,AV153)","v":1}]
["struck",{"$nulls":5},"(OED Online: \"strike, v.\")","No",null,"Yes",null,"verb","No EDD Entry","OED",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[A Common West Germanic strong verb: Old English strícan , past tense strác , plural stricon , past participle stricen , corresponds to Old Frisian strîka , Middle Low German strîken , (Middle) Dutch strijken , Old High German strîhhan (Middle High German strîchen , modern German streichen strong verb; the weak verb streichen corresponds to stroke v.1) to pass lightly over a surface, to go, rove, wander, to stroke, rub, beat, < Germanic *strīk- ( < *straik- : *strik- ; for examples of these grades of the root see stroke n.1, streak n.1, strickle n.) < Indogermanic *streig- ( < *stroig- : *strig- ) found in Latin stringĕre to touch lightly, graze (radically distinct fromstringĕre to bind, tighten), strigilis strigil n., Old Church Slavonic strigą I shear (Russian strigu, infinitive strič′).]",null,null,"VII. To impinge upon.\n\n66. e. To catch the admiration, fancy, or affection of (one of the opposite sex); in pass., to be favourably impressed by (an idea, suggestion, etc.). In pass., constr. by, with, also (vulgarly) to be struck on. Now colloq.","OED Definition Only",null,"OED","No EDD definition for the \"to be favourably impressed by (an idea, suggestion, etc.)\"  sense, as used by Roberts' (1984: 9) usage example.",1984,"(Roberts: ","9)","\"He wants me ter ga on t' double seat, but Ah'se nut varra struck.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG154,#REF!,AL154,AQ154,AV154)","v":1},"Yes","4, dating between 1813 and 1893",null,"No","colloq."]
["summat","[su·mət]","summit",null,"α. ME sumhwat, sumwhet ( Orm. summwhatt), ME–15 sumwhat (ME sumwhate, sumwat(t, 15 sumwhatt); ME sumquat, ME sumqwat, 15 Sc. sumquhat; ME somȝwat, ME–15 somȝwhatt, ME–16 somȝwhat; ME somwat, ME–15 somwatt; ME– somewhat. \n\nβ. dial.17 sumet, 18 summat, summut, zum'ot","(EDD Online: \"somewhat, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"somewhat, n. and adv.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"English by Compounding","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< some adj.1 + what pron., adj.1, and adv. Down to the end of the 16th cent. written either as one word or as two.]",null,"Something","something n. and adv.\n\nA. n.\n\n1. b. Some (material or immaterial) thing of unspecified nature, amount, etc. Now arch. or dial.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","OED","Definitions provide the same basic information, but OED provides the specific sense of \"somewhat.\"",1953,"(Birkett: ","9)","\"That's summat like, Methoosaleh.\"","Prose",1984,"(Roberts: ","11)","\"Ahse ganna git summat for t' gardin!\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","12)","\"Psychology, socialology an' summit co'd PE.\"","Prose",2006,"(Graham: ","17)","\"he saw sum et yung fellas up ta summat et boddem et hill.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"COUNTA(AQ155,#REF!,#REF!,#REF!,AV155)","v":4}]
["sup","[sɐp]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"sup, v.\")","(OED Online: \"sup, v.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[In Old English (in α. forms) cognate with Middle Dutch sūpen to drink, to consume liquid food (Dutch zuipen to drink to excess), Old Saxon sūpan to drink to excess (Middle Low German sūpen to feed with sops, to eat liquid (especially warm) food, to slurp down, to drink, to drink to excess), Old High German sūfan to drink, to slurp, to scoop or ladle (a liquid) (Middle High German sūfen to drink, to slurp, German saufen to drink (especially of animals), to drink to excess), Old Icelandic súpa to drink, to consume liquid food, Norwegian supe to drink, to suck in, to drink excessively, Old Swedish supa to consume liquid food (Swedish supa to drink, to drink to excess), Old Danish supæ to drink, to slurp (Danish søbe ), ultimately (with different root-extension) < the same Indo-European base as suck v. Compare sope n., sop n.1, sop v.]",null,"2. To drink, not necessarily in small mouthfuls; to swallow; to take long sips.","1. trans.\n\nb. To drink (something) up, to swallow, esp. by mouthfuls or spoonfuls. †Also with off, out, or in.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","19)","\"Leaning on t' bar in t' Blue Bell Inn, Will supped yal widd Tucker Wynn.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG156,#REF!,AL156,AQ156,AV156)","v":1}]
["tackle","[ta·kl]",null,null,"ME–15 takel, ME–15 Sc. takil(l, ME–17 tacle, takle, ME takul(l, ME–15 takell, takyl, takyll, tackyl ( tickell), 15–16 tackel, tackell, 15–17 Sc. taikle, (17 teakle, Sc. -kil), 15– tackle.","(EDD Online: \"tackle, sb.1 and v.\")","(OED Online: \"tackle, n.\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Low German","No EDD Etymology",null,"[ apparently of Low German origin: compare Middle Low German takel equipment generally, e.g. of a horseman, spec. of a ship, hoisting apparatus, Low German takel , also early modern Dutch takel strong rope, hawser, pulley, modern German takel , Swedish tackel , Danish takkel tackle; < Middle Low German taken , Middle Dutch tacken to lay hold of, grasp, seize, with instrumental suffix -el : see -le suffix 1.]",null,"1. sb. Gear; implements, esp. agricultural implements; machinery; harness.","1. Apparatus, utensils, instruments, implements, appliances; equipment, furniture, gear.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","33)","\"She'd just roodit Crescent an' crosst till Lowther Street. Fair bowed down wid aw hur tackle.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG157,#REF!,AL157,AQ157,AV157)","v":1}]
["theer2","[ðiə(r)]",null,null,"δ. OE–ME þér, ME þer, þere (ME tere), ME þeer, theer, ME–15 ther, ME– there.\n\nε. (variants of δ þer, there) ME þeor, ME þear, þiar, ME–16 their, 15 thear, 15– dial. theare.","(EDD Online: \"there, adv.\")","(OED Online: \"there, adv. (adj. and n.)\")","Yes","No","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English þǽr , þár , þér , cognate with Old Saxon thâr , Old Frisian thêr ,29 dêr , Middle Low German dār , Middle Dutch daer , Dutch daar , Old High German dâr (Middle High German dâr , dâ , German da ); compare also Gothic þar , Old Norse þar (Swedish, Danish der ); all derivatives of the demonstrative stem þa- , pre-Germanic to- (that pron.1, adj., and adv., the adj., pron.2, and n.1). The adverbial suffix -r appears also in Old English hwǽr , hwér , hwar , where adv. and conj.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","Signification.\n\nI. As a demonstrative adverb.\n\n* Expressing locality or position.\n\n1. a. In or at that place; in the place (country, region, etc.) pointed to, indicated, or referred to, and away from the speaker; the opposite of here.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"expressing locality\" sense of \"there, adv.\"",1953,"(Birkett: ","8)","\"away up theer, next t' ceilin', aah could hear next te nowt.\"","Prose",1999,"(Fisher: ","6)","\"theer at bottom ut broo\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","9)","\"Gan up t' passidge theer n' turen reet\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL158,#REF!,#REF!,AQ158,AV158)","v":3}]
["theer2","[ðiə(r)]",null,null,"δ. OE–ME þér, ME þer, þere (ME tere), ME þeer, theer, ME–15 ther, ME– there.\n\nε. (variants of δ þer, there) ME þeor, ME þear, þiar, ME–16 their, 15 thear, 15– dial. theare.","(EDD Online: \"there, adv.\")","(OED Online: \"there, adv. (adj. and n.)\")","Yes","No","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English þǽr , þár , þér , cognate with Old Saxon thâr , Old Frisian thêr ,29 dêr , Middle Low German dār , Middle Dutch daer , Dutch daar , Old High German dâr (Middle High German dâr , dâ , German da ); compare also Gothic þar , Old Norse þar (Swedish, Danish der ); all derivatives of the demonstrative stem þa- , pre-Germanic to- (that pron.1, adj., and adv., the adj., pron.2, and n.1). The adverbial suffix -r appears also in Old English hwǽr , hwér , hwar , where adv. and conj.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","Signification.\n\nI. As a demonstrative adverb.\n\n* Expressing locality or position.\n\n1. a. In or at that place; in the place (country, region, etc.) pointed to, indicated, or referred to, and away from the speaker; the opposite of here.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"expressing locality\" sense of \"there, adv.\"",2006,"(Graham: ","1)","\"Theer they war as ah sed, walken upt path in a line\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB159,AG159,AL159,AQ159,AV159)","v":1}]
["thoo",null,"thee","ta, te, thaaw, thaw(w), thou, tou","Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 17–18 thau (north.), 17– tha (chiefly north.), 17– theaw (Lancs. and Cheshire), 18 th' (Lancs.), 18 thaw (Yorks.), 18 theow (Somerset), 18 thow (Lancs.), 18– tha' (Yorks.), 18– thaa (north.), 18– thaaw (Cumberland), 18– thae (Lancs.), 18– thah, 18– thai (Cheshire), 18– thaww (Cumberland), 18– theau (Lancs.), 18– they (Cheshire), 18– tho (chiefly Lancs.), 18– thoo (north.), 18– thu, 19– thea (Lancs.); Sc. pre-17 thoue, pre-17 thous, pre-17 thov, pre-17 thowe, pre-17 17 19– thow, pre-17 17– thou, pre-17 18– thu, 18– thoo (chiefly Orkney).","(EDD Online: \"thou, pers. pron. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"thou, pron. and n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","pronoun","pronoun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with (in many cases with variable, often uncertain, vowel quantity) Old Frisian thū, dū, (enclitic) -tū (West Frisian do, dū), Old Dutch thu, tu, (enclitic) -tu (Middle Dutch du, tu, (enclitic) -tu, early modern Dutch du), Old Saxon thū, tu (Middle Low German dū), Old High German dū, du, thū, thu, tu (Middle High German dū, du, German du), Old Icelandic þú, (enclitic) -ðu, -du, -tu, Norn (Shetland) du, Old Swedish þū (Swedish du), Old Danish thu (Danish du, (enclitic) -tu, -u), Gothic þu < the same Indo-European base as (with various differences of vowel quantity) classical Latin tū, Irish tu, Welsh ti, ancient Greek σύ, ancient Greek (Doric) τύ, Lithuanian tu, Old Church Slavonic ty, also (showing an extended form) Sanskrit twa-m]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. pron. The subjective case of the second person singular pronoun. \n\n1. As subject or subject complement.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD definition does not explicitly state the pronoun is used in the second person singular, but rather implies it through reference to usage examples. Only marked as \"pers. pron.\" (EDD Online: \"thou, pers. pron., v.\")",1953,"(Birkett: ","7)","\"Noo, mind thoo enjoy's thisel, lass.\"","Prose",1984,"(Roberts: ","10)","\"What's up with thee?\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","8)","\"Ah saw thu, doon t' river, ufoor\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","2)","\"Yah want ta gan back ta schel n' larn ta coont reet, cos thoo's wrang, well wrang.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"COUNTA(AQ160,#REF!,#REF!,#REF!,AV160)","v":4}]
["thrang","[þraŋ]",null,null,"ME thrange, ME þrange, ME (in a late copy) þrong, ME–15 (17– Eng. regional (north.) and Irish English) thrang","(EDD Online: \"throng, sb., v., adj. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"throng, adv. and adj.\")","Yes","No","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Early Scandinavian","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Probably < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic þrǫngr (Icelandic þröngur ), Norwegian (Bokmål) trang , (Nynorsk) trong , Old Swedish þranger (Swedish trång ), Danish trang , all in sense ‘narrow, close, crowded, tight’) < the same Germanic base as throng n.\n \nCompare earlier throng n., throng v., thring v. The word could alternatively show a development within English, < throng n.]",null,"9. Busy; occupied; absorbed in work, &c.; of work pressing.","B. adj.\n\n6. Of a person: fully occupied by work or business; very busy, hard-pressed. Also occasionally of an animal.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","4)","(\"Is she off on one of her shoppin' larks?\"\n\n\"She is that,\" ansers Jonty Milligan. \"That'll keep her thrang fer t' rest ov t' efterneun.\")","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG161,#REF!,AL161,AQ161,AV161)","v":1}]
["varnar",null,"vaneer",null,null,"(EDD Online: \"near, adv., prep. and adj.1\")","(OED Online: \"near, adv. 2 (prep.2)\" and \"nar, adv., prep.\")","No",null,"No","adverb","adverb",{"$f":"IF(AND(K162=\"\", L162=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Entry\",IF(K162=L162, \"Match\",IF(K162=\"\",\"No EDD Entry\", IF(L162=\"\",\"No OED Entry\",\"Do Not Match\"))))","v":"Match"},"N/A","Neither dictionary includes \"varnar\" as a headword, but both recognising the use of \"nar\" as an adverb meaning \"nearly, almost.\"\n\n\"Varnar, adv.\" is a combination of \"varra, adv.\" and \"nar1, adv.\" meaning \"very nearly.\" The use of these EDD and OED entries for \"near, adv.\" is appropriate as both dictionaries recognise the use of \"very\" as an intensifying adverb commonly collocated with \"near.\"",null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(P162=\"\", H162=\"No\", I162=\"No\"), \"No EDD Entry\",IF(AND(P162=\"\", Q162=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Etymology\", IF(P162=Q162, \"Match\", IF(P162=\"\", \"No EDD Etymology\", IF(Q162=\"\", \"No OED Etymology\",\"Do Not Match\")))))","v":"No EDD or OED Etymology"},null,null,null,"3. Nearly, almost.","I. Without noun phrase or prepositional phrase as complement.\n * Denoting approximation in degree or amount.\n\n1. Within a (very) little, all but, almost. Frequently intensified by very, †well, or †full. Now chiefly colloq. and regional (more usually expressed by nearly).\n \na. In general use, esp. with past participles or verbs, indicating that an action is all but completed or accomplished.",{"$f":"IF(AND(V162=\"\", W162=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Definition\", IF(V162=\"\", \"OED Definition Only\", IF(W162=\"\", \"EDD Definition Only\", IF(AND(H162=\"Yes\",V162=\"Unclear, see notes\"), \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\", \"EDD and OED Definition\"))))","v":"EDD and OED Definition"},"No","OED","Blending of intensifying \"varra, adv.\" and \"nār1, adv.\"\n\nOED provides most accurate defintion in entry for \"near, adv.2 (and prep.2).\" Entry specifies the use of  intensifiers, such as \"very\" (or \"varra\" for the Cumbrian dialect).",1979,"(Cooper: ","3)","\"On a wet neet a body got fair soaked ta t' skin. Ani I' winter vaneer frozz to deeth.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","3)","\"Leuk lad, thoo's reet at t' beginnin' o' thy leyfe, an' meyne's varnar deun. Gan on, thoo tek't parra-shoot, an' Ah'll ga doon wid t' plaane.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(#REF!,#REF!,AL162,AQ162,AV162)","v":2}]
["varra","[va·ri]",null,null,"β. ME verra, 15 Sc. vera, werra; 17–18 Sc. vera, 18 Sc. and north. verra; 15–16 (18 north.) vara, 18 Sc. varra. γ. ME verre (ME vere), ME–15 werre (15 were).","(EDD Online: \"very, adv. and adj.\")","(OED Online: \"very, adj., adv., and n.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A","EDD lists \"very\" as both an adverb and an adjective, but neither are particularly well-defined.",null,"Latin","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< Anglo-Norman verrai, verrey, verai, veray, Old French verai, varai, vrai (modern French vrai, Provençal verai), < the stem of Latin vērus true.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","B. adv.\n\n2. In a high degree or measure; to a great extent; exceedingly, extremely, greatly.\n\nb. Qualifying another adverb.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD provides the following two defintions:\n\n1. adv. In phr. (1) for the very most, mostly; (2) very like, very likely; probably, perhaps; (3) very likelins, very likely; (4) very most, generally; (5) very not well, very unwell; (6)\n very weel, very much.\n\n2. adj. Used as an intensitive with nouns of quantity; see below.\n\nNeither of which are particularly satisfactory for the \"In high degree or measure\" sense illustrated by the usage example in Farrall (1893: 4).",1953,"(Birkett: ","6)","\"That mwornin' we were up varra seun an' hed aw deun up ang afoor train time.\"","Prose",1999,"(Fisher: ","21)","\"Shops tuday luck much alike – they all seem varra nice.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","2)","\"Joe's dancin' roon' sayin' ther's nea teyme ta loss, git crackin' – an' varra soon we war off.\"","Prose",2006,"(Graham: ","2)","\"Seven ducks, th'll be varra neyce et Christmas\"","Prose",{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"COUNTA(AQ163,#REF!,#REF!,#REF!,AV163)","v":4}]
["warse","[wās]",null,null,"β. OE wersa (rare), lOE wærsa, eME uuerse, eME– wærse, eME weorse (Oxon.), eME werrse ( Ormulum), ME vers, ME weers, ME weerse, ME werce, ME werchs (transmission error), ME wershe, ME wersse, ME wersshe (south.), ME wras, ME wres, ME–15 wars, ME–15 warse, ME–15 wers, ME–15 werse, 15 warsse; Eng. regional 18 wahce (Yorks.), 18 warse (north.); Sc. pre-17 varse, pre-17 wars, pre-17 warss, pre-17 wers, pre-17 werse, pre-17 17– warse.","(EDD Online: \"worse, adj.\")","(OED Online: \"worse, adj. and n.\"","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian werra , wirra , Old Saxon wirso , Old High German wirsiro , wirsero (Middle High German wirser , German (regional) wirser , wurser , wieser , wischa ), Old Icelandic verri , Old Swedish (Swedish) värre , Old Danish wærræ (Danish værre ), Gothic wairsiza < a suffixed form (comparative: see -er suffix3 1) of the same Germanic base as worse adv.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. adj. The comparative of bad adj., evil adj., and ill adj.; used as the opposite of better adj.\n \n1. More reprehensible morally, more wicked; less virtuous; having a more evil disposition; more cruel or unkind. Also with an agent noun, indicating that the activity is pursued in a more reprehensible way, as worse liver.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"worse, adj.\"",1953,"(Birkett: ","18)","\"T' next monthly meetin' was warse.\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","19)","\"Ett best uv times Will bragged a lot, but mair he supped the warse he got.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG164,#REF!,AL164,AQ164,AV164)","v":2}]
["wesh1","[weʃ]",null,null,"ME–16 weshe, 18 dial. wesh","(EDD Online: \"wash, v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"wash, v.\" and \"wash, n.\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[A Common Germanic verb (not recorded in Gothic), originally strong: Old English wæscan , wascan , also by metathesis waxan , past tense plural wóxon , wéocson , past participle -wæscen , corresponds to Old Frisian *waska (East and North Frisian waske , West Frisian waskje ), Old Saxon, Old Low Frankish wascan (Dutch wasschen , past tense wiesch , past participle gewasschen ), Old High German wascan , past tense wuosc , past participle giwascan (Middle High German waschen , weschen , modern German waschen , past tense wusch , past participle gewaschen ), Old Norse (rare) vaska , conjugated weak (Swedish vaska , Danish vaske ) < Old Germanic *waskan < *watskan < root *wat- as in water n.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","I. To cleanse by means of water. Also with adj. compl., to wash white, clean.\n\n2. a. To cleanse (soiled clothes, wool, etc.) by rubbing in water, with soap or some equivalent. Also to wash clean, to wash white. to wash through, to wash (a garment) by hand, often individually and hastily.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD entry only defines the verb \"wash\" indirectly using usage examples. Useless to students whose first language is not English as the \"obvious\" defintion is not specified.",1999,"(Fisher: ","10)","\"Blow me, it's rainun, und ah wuz ganna wesh tuday!\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG165,#REF!,AL165,AQ165,AV165)","v":1}]
["wesh2","[weʃ]",null,null,"ME–16 weshe, 18 dial. wesh","(EDD Online: \"wash, v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"wash, n.\" and \"wash, v.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Common Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[< wash, v.\n\nOld English wæscan , wascan , also by metathesis waxan , past tense plural wóxon , wéocson , past participle -wæscen , corresponds to Old Frisian *waska (East and North Frisian waske , West Frisian waskje ), Old Saxon, Old Low Frankish wascan (Dutch wasschen , past tense wiesch , past participle gewasschen ), Old High German wascan , past tense wuosc , past participle giwascan (Middle High German waschen , weschen , modern German waschen , past tense wusch , past participle gewaschen ), Old Norse (rare) vaska , conjugated weak (Swedish vaska , Danish vaske ) < Old Germanic *waskan < *watskan < root *wat- as in water n.]",null,"Unclear, see notes"," I. Act of washing.\n\n1.b. An act of washing oneself, esp. of washing one's hands and face. wash and brush-up, a quick wash together with a tidying of one's hair; also transf., and as v. trans. and intr.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD entry only defines noun indirectly using usage examples. \"An act of washing (oneself)\" meaning is not adequately signified.",2006,"(Graham: ","13)","\"Efter Tommy hed gitten his […] tea, he hez his sell a good wesh.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB166,AG166,AL166,AQ166,AV166)","v":1}]
["whisht","[wiʃt]","wisht",null,"15 whysht(e, 18 Sc. wheesht.","(EDD Online: \"whisht, int., v., sb. and adj.\")","(OED Online: \"whisht, adj.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Natural","No EDD Etymology",null,"[A variant of whist adj.1 < whist int.1 < A natural utterance enjoining silence: compare hist v.1, hust adj., ist n., st. n. and adj., also husht n., whisht n.]","Natural = innate.","7. adj. Hushed, quiet, silent; noiseless; retired; calm; gentle; also used advb.","Now dial.\n\nSilent, quiet, still, hushed.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2002,"(Forsyth: ","3)","\"Hod thi whisht.\"","Prose",2006,"(Graham: ","4)","\"if y'll just hod thee wisht ah'll tell yah aw about it\"","Prose",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG167,#REF!,AL167,AQ167,AV167)","v":2}]
["whussle",null,null,null,"OE hwistlian, hwys(t)lian, huislian, wistlian, ME wystel, whysle, ME Sc. quhistle, ME–15 whistil(l, whissil(l, ME–16 whistel(l, ME whistyll(e, ME–15 whystel(l, whystle, Sc. quhissil(l, quhisle, ME–16 wistle, 15 wyssel, 15–16 whissel(l, Sc. quhissel(l, 17 Sc. whissle, 18 Sc. whussle","(EDD Online: \"whistle, v. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"whistle, v.\")","Yes","No","Yes","verb","verb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Old English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English hwis(t)lian , also wistlian , < an echoic root + -le suffix 3. Compare Old Norse hvísla to whisper, Middle Swedish hvisla, Swedish vissla to whistle, Danish hvisle to hiss]",null,"Unclear, see notes","I. Literal senses.\n\n1. intr. To utter a clear, more or less shrill sound or note by forcing the breath through the narrow opening formed by contracting the lips (the tone being produced merely by the resonance of the mouth-cavity, without vibration of the vocal cords): esp. as a call or signal to a person or animal, also as an expression of derision, contempt, etc., later more usually of surprise or astonishment; also, to utter a melody or tune consisting of a succession of such notes, esp. by way of idle diversion.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","OED entry lists \"whussle\" as a variant spelling of Standard English \"whistle, v.\"\n\nEDD does not define the \"obvious\" sense of \"whistle, v.\"",2002,"(Forsyth: ","2)","\"Ther's nobbut three things ta bodder wid: ta be drist proper; nut ta whussle at mi wark, an' ta keep t' Rolls doon till a neyce stiddy ten m.p.h.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB168,#REF!,AL168,AQ168,AV168)","v":2}]
["wind1","[wind]",null,null,"OE– wind","(EDD Online: \"wind, sb.1 and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"wind, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Multiple Origins","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English wind = Old Frisian, Old Saxon, (Middle) Low German, (Middle) Dutch wind , Old High German, Middle High German wint , wind- (German wind ), Old Norse vindr (Swedish, Danish vind ), Gothic winds < Old Germanic *windaz < pre-Germanic *wentos , cognate with Latin ventus , Welsh gwynt , Breton guent ; originally a present participial formation (*wēnto- ) < root wē- of Old English wáwan (see wowe n.), Old High German wâjan (German wehen), Gothic waian to blow, waft, Lithuanian vė́jas wind, Old Church Slavonic vějati blows, větrŭ wind, Old Irish feth air, Greek ἄησι ( < *ἄϝησι) blows, ἀήτης wind, Sanskrit vāti blows, vāta wind.]",null,"2. Phr. (1) at a wind, (a) at one gulp; (b) in the same breath;","II. Transferred senses. (See also 1c, 2)\n\n11. b. Breath as used in speaking; hence transf. speech, talk (esp. in such phr. as to waste one's wind). Obs. or arch. (exc. as implied in long-winded adj. 2a).","EDD and OED Definition","No","OED",null,1953,"(Birkett: ","20)","\"Noo, mi lad, if thoo's huntin' for a fresh patient, thoo mun seav thee wind\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG169,#REF!,AL169,AQ169,AV169)","v":1}]
["wind2","[wind]",null,null,"OE– wind","(EDD Online: \"wind, sb.1 and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"wind, n.1\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Multiple Origins","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English wind = Old Frisian, Old Saxon, (Middle) Low German, (Middle) Dutch wind , Old High German, Middle High German wint , wind- (German wind ), Old Norse vindr (Swedish, Danish vind ), Gothic winds < Old Germanic *windaz < pre-Germanic *wentos , cognate with Latin ventus , Welsh gwynt , Breton guent ; originally a present participial formation (*wēnto- ) < root wē- of Old English wáwan (see wowe n.), Old High German wâjan (German wehen), Gothic waian to blow, waft, Lithuanian vė́jas wind, Old Church Slavonic vějati blows, větrŭ wind, Old Irish feth air, Greek ἄησι ( < *ἄϝησι) blows, ἀήτης wind, Sanskrit vāti blows, vāta wind.]",null,"5. A pause in which to recover breath; hence a rest in the midst of work.","II. Transferred senses.\n\n11. d.\n\n(a) Easy or regular breathing; power or capacity of breathing; condition with regard to respiration: = breath n. 7. Now only in sporting phrases.","EDD and OED Definition","No","OED","Not quite synonymous:\n\nEDD definition refers to the pause in which regular breathing is recovered rather than the (OED's)act of breathinng itself.\n\nMinor distinction, which the average user of the EDD probably would not distinguish; but not completely synonymous.",2002,"(Forsyth: ","17)","\"Thoo musn't lowp on - that wad gie t' geame awa' if aw thoo wannts is a laal bit brek ta git thee wind back.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG170,#REF!,AL170,AQ170,AV170)","v":1}]
["wrang","[raŋ]",null,null,"α. OE–ME, Sc. and north. dial.15– wrang (ME vrang, 18 north. dial. wrank), ME, Sc.15 wrange.","(EDD Online: \"wrong, adj., sb. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"wrong, n.2\" and \"wrong, adj. and adv.\")","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Substantival use of wrong adj.\n\nwrong, adj.\n\nEtymology: Late Old English wrang , < Old Norse *wrangr, rangr awry, unjust (Norwegian vrang , rang , Middle Swedish vranger (Swedish vrång ), (Middle) Danish vrang ), = Middle Low German wrange , wrangh sour, bitter, Middle Dutch wrangh , wranc bitter, unpleasant, hostile (Dutch wrang acid, tart; whence West Frisian wrang ); related to wring v.]","Interestingly, Late Old English form \"wrang\" (from Old Norse *wrangr) persists into Modern Cumbrian.","Unclear, see notes","I.\n\n1. a. That which is morally unjust, unfair, amiss, or improper; the opposite of right or justice; the negation of equity, goodness, or rectitude. (Frequently contrasted with right.)","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define the \"obvious\" sense of wrong, n. (i.e. \"opposite of right, morally unjust or improper).\n\nEDD entry expects the reader to infer the meaning of wrong, n. from its usage examples.",1979,"(Cooper: ","25)","\"Eff the' medd him practice léud an' lang, he'd bi ower tired ta deuh owt wrang.\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","14)","\"Wattiver's wrang wid t' cuntry […] inflation gits the bliaam.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","5)","\"Ye waddn't wish ta hev a better neebor ner Matt Wullson […]. He'd be furst roon' if ther' wes owt wrang.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL171,#REF!,#REF!,AQ171,AV171)","v":3}]
["yacker","[ya·kə(r)]","yecker",null,"Forms:  eOE aecer, eOE ecyr (Kentish), OE accr- (Northumbrian, inflected form), OE acr- (inflected form), OE æþer (transmission error), OE–eME æccer (rare), OE–eME æcer, OE–eME æcr- (inflected form), OE–eME æcyr, OE–eME æker, OE–16 aker, OE–17 acer, lOE æcær, lOE æccr- (inflected form), lOE–eME ecer, eME aeker, eME ærcas (accusative plural, transmission error), eME eker, ME akre, ME hakere, ME–15 akere, ME–15 akir, ME–15 akyr, ME– acre, 15 acar, 15 ackre, 15 acorr, 15 akear, 15 akker, 15–16 acker, 16 accer (N. Amer.), 16 accor, 16 acur, 16 akar (Welsh English), 17 aiker, 18 aager (Irish English (Wexford)), 19– acher (regional); Eng. regional 18 yacker, 18– acker, 18– yacre;","(EDD Online: \"acre, sb.\")","(OED Online: \"acre, n.\"","Yes","No","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"Old English","Germanic","Do Not Match","[OE. æcer, field + dǣl, a portion, share.]","[Cognate with Old Frisian ekker , ēker , ikker , akker field, cultivated field, measure of land, Middle Dutch acker cultivated field, measure of land (in Old Dutch only in place names; Dutch akker ), Old Saxon akkar , akar field, cultivated field (Middle Low German acker , also cultivated land collectively, measure of land), Old High German ackar , acchar , akar cultivated field, field, countryside (as opposed to town) (Middle High German acker , German Acker ), Old Icelandic akr cultivated land, field, cornfield (sometimes used in opposition to enclosed homefield), crop, Old Swedish aker , akker cultivated land, field, crop (Swedish åker ), Old Danish akær cultivated land (Danish ager ), Gothic akrs field < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin ager piece of land, territory, country, region, farm, estate, cultivated land, soil, countryside (as opposed to town), ancient Greek ἀγρός field, farm, cultivated land, countryside (as opposed to town), Sanskrit ajra plain, open country, ultimately < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin agere (see act v.), although the precise type of formation shown and the stages of its development are uncertain and disputed.]",null,"2. A measure of land, differing in various parts of Great Britain and Ireland from the normal statutable piece of 40 poles long by 4 broad = 4840 sq. yds. This variation sometime coincides with the different nature of the crop, &c., which the land yields.","2. a. A measure of land area, originally as much as a yoke of oxen could plough in a day, later defined by English statute as an area 220 yards (40 poles) long by 22 yards (4 poles) broad (equal to 4,840 square yards, 4 roods, or approx. 4,047 square metres), or its equivalent of any shape.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,2006,"(Graham: ","4)","\"he hed mebby seck a thing es fotty er mebby fifty yecker a grun across t' rwoad.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB172,AG172,AL172,AQ172,AV172)","v":1}]
["yan1","[jan]\n","yah, yaa",null,"α. OE aan, OE æn (rare), OE ann, OE–eME (ME–15 north.) an, eME en, ME ane (north.), ME awen (north.), ME awne (north.); Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 16– yane, 17 yean, 17– an, 17– yan, 17– yen, 18 aan, 18– ane, 18– en, 18– 'en, 18– in, 18– yahn, 18– yan","(EDD Online: \"one, num. adj., indef. art., sb., pron. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"adj., n., and pron.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","unclear","pronoun","Do Not Match","OED","EDD does not objectively define the pronominal use of \"yan, pron.\" The reader must instead make inferences based on usage examples or conduct further research.",null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian ān , ēn , Middle Dutch ein , een , (Dutch een ), Old Saxon ēn (Middle Low German ēn ), Old High German ein , ehin , ēn , etc. (Middle High German ein , German ein ), Old Icelandic einn , Swedish en , Danish een , en , Gothic ains , < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin ūnus (Old Latin oinos ), Gaulish oinos (in names), Early Irish oen , óen (Irish aon ), Old Welsh, Welsh un , Old Church Slavonic inŭ other, another, (also, usually in jedĭnŭ , in sense ‘one’), Old Prussian ains , Lithuanian vienas , and also ancient Greek οἴνη , Hellenistic Greek οἰνός ace at dice, perhaps ultimately < an extended form of the base of Gothic is he (see he pron.).]",null,"Unclear, see notes","C. pron.\n\nI. As simple numeral.\n \n1. One person or thing identified contextually.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","Pronominal sense of \"one\" is not defined. Reader must either infer its meaning from usage examples or conduct further research.",1953,"(Birkett: ","15)","\"We aw sat in a ring an' yan was in't middle.\"","Prose",1979,"(Cooper: ","5)","\"Ess séun ess the' thowt t' yall wadd be aboot reet, the' deceedit ta hod a barn party yah neet.\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","17)","\"Ah wuz seated yaa day at the organ, nut weary, but ill at ease.\"","Poetry",2006,"(Graham: ","1)","\"Throo yah thing n' anuther, nowther on them workt\"","Prose",{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"COUNTA(AQ173,#REF!,#REF!,#REF!,AV173)","v":4}]
["yan2","[jan]",null,null,"α. OE aan, OE æn (rare), OE ann, OE–eME (ME–15 north.) an, eME en, ME ane (north.), ME awen (north.), ME awne (north.); Eng. regional (chiefly north.) 16– yane, 17 yean, 17– an, 17– yan, 17– yen, 18 aan, 18– ane, 18– en, 18– 'en, 18– in, 18– yahn, 18– yan","(EDD Online: \"one, num. adj., indef. art., sb., pron. and v.\")","(OED Online: \"adj., n., and pron.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","unclear","pronoun","Do Not Match","OED",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Cognate with Old Frisian ān , ēn , Middle Dutch ein , een , (Dutch een ), Old Saxon ēn (Middle Low German ēn ), Old High German ein , ehin , ēn , etc. (Middle High German ein , German ein ), Old Icelandic einn , Swedish en , Danish een , en , Gothic ains , < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin ūnus (Old Latin oinos ), Gaulish oinos (in names), Early Irish oen , óen (Irish aon ), Old Welsh, Welsh un , Old Church Slavonic inŭ other, another, (also, usually in jedĭnŭ , in sense ‘one’), Old Prussian ains , Lithuanian vienas , and also ancient Greek οἴνη , Hellenistic Greek οἰνός ace at dice, perhaps ultimately < an extended form of the base of Gothic is he (see he pron.).]",null,"Unclear, see notes","C. pron.\n\nVI. As an indefinite pronoun.\n\n17. a. Any person of undefined identity, esp. one considered as representative of people in general; any person at all, including (esp. in later use) the speaker himself or herself; ‘you, or I, or anyone’; a person in general.\n\nGenitive one's, objective one, reflexively oneself pron.   (formerly one's self); but for these the third person pronouns his, him, himself were formerly usual, and are still usual in the United States; thus, ‘If one showed oneself (himself) to one's (his) townsmen, they would know one (him).’\n \nThe plural pronouns their, them, themselves (cf. quots. a16651, a16652, and 1747) were formerly also used in such contexts on account of their indefiniteness of gender.\n \nIn this sense one is unstressed, proclitic or enclitic.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not define \"indefinite pronoun\" sense of \"one, pronoun.\"\n\nReader must either infer its meaning from usage examples or conduct further research.",1953,"(Birkett: ","21)","\"nean o' them struck meh as bein' varra much like farmers or their wives. Bit yan can nivver tell these days.\"","Prose",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG174,#REF!,AL174,AQ174,AV174)","v":1}]
["yat","[jat]",null,null,"α. OE geat, get (Northumb. gæt, geat(t), ME ȝeat, (ME giate), ME–15 ȝet, ME ȝat(t)e, ME, 15–18 dial. yat(t)e, ME–15 yhate, yhet, ȝett, ME–15 yet(e, 16–18 dial. yeat(t, 15– Sc. yett. β. (OE pl. gatu), ME–15 gat, (ME gatte, ME gaytt, 15 gaat), ME– gate.","(EDD Online: \"gate, sb.1 and v.1\")","(OED Online: \"gate, n.1\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English geat strong neuter, corresponds formally to Old Frisian gat , jet , hole, opening, Old Saxon gat eye of a needle (Low German and Dutch gat gap, hole, breach), Old Norse gat (see gat n.1) < Old Germanic type *gatom. The word is wanting in Gothic and High German.\nThe ulterior etymology is obscure. Some scholars refer the word to the root of get v., supposing the etymological sense to be either ‘receptacle’ (hence ‘cavity’, ‘hole’, ‘opening’) or ‘means of reaching’ (hence ‘way of access’). It is however very uncertain whether it is allied either to get n.1 or to gate n.2]",null,"Unclear, see notes","6. a. The barrier itself; a framework of wood or iron either consisting of bars, gratings, etc., or with a solid face, turning on pivots or hinges, or sliding in a groove, and used either in a pair or singly. For five-, six-bar(red gate see five adj. and n. Compounds 1, six adj. and n.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD does not provide defintion, instead relying on the reader's inferences made from usage examples.",1979,"(Cooper: ","12)","\"T'oald bull than noticed t' yard yéat wassant fast, an' téan off widd t' coos, cauves follerran last.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG175,#REF!,AL175,AQ175,AV175)","v":1}]
["yell","[yel]",null,null,"β. 15 yel; Eng. regional 17– yale, 18 yaäle (north.), 18 yell (north.), 18– yal (north.), 18– yall (north.); Sc. pre-17 17 yale, 17 yeal, 17–18 yell.","(EDD Online: \"ale, sb.1\")","(OED Online: \"ale, n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","Match","N/A",null,"OE/ON","Germanic","Do Not Match","[1. Ale and beer have been in common use as names for the same intoxicating drink among the various tribes of Germanic people from the earliest times. The Alvismál says: 'Tis called ale (öi) among men, beer (bjōrr) among the gods; ‘beer’ being the Southern, ‘ale’ the Northern Germanic word. 2. For information about country ales, esp. the Whitsun-ale, see Brand Pop. Antiq. I. 279. Douce says that Ale means a feast or merry-making, as in the words Leet-ale, Lamb-ale, Whitsun-ale, Clerk-ale, Bride-ale (whence Bridal), Church-ale, Scot-ale, Midsummer-ale, &c. (Brand, l.c.) Les festes du village, wakes, ales, ploughmens feasts, or holy daies, COTGR. OE. ealu ON. öl, ale; also, a feast, a banquet, freq. in comps., as in ON. erfi-öl, a wake, a funeral feast; OE. brȳd-ealu, a bride-feast, the marriage feast, a ‘bridal.’]","[Cognate with Middle Dutch āle , ael a kind of beer containing a smaller amount of hops than usual, and hence sweeter in taste (Dutch aal , †ael , †eel ; in recent use as a loan < English), Old Saxon alo (only in the compound alofat : see ale fat n.), Early Runic alu (genitive plural aluþa , although not all scholars agree on interpretation of this word as meaning ‘beer’), Old Icelandic ǫl (Icelandic öl ), Old Swedish öl (Swedish öl ), Old Danish øl (Danish øl ), all in sense ‘beer’, further etymology uncertain and disputed.]","OED gives far broader etymology, engaging with more languages","1. A liquor brewed from malt and distinguished from ordinary beer by its strength. In Cum. and Som., however, ale is weak beer brewed from the malt after the beer has been extracted from it.\n","1. Any beer other than lager, stout, or porter; spec. beer brewed by top fermentation. Also: a type of this.\n\nIn Old English apparently the usual word for alcoholic drink brewed from malt (the less common word bēor perhaps denoted a sweeter and stronger drink: see discussion at beer n.1); also used to gloss Latin cervesa, cervesia kind of beer (see cervisial adj.) and caelia kind of beer. However, it probably had a somewhat wider range of possible meanings than ‘beer’ and is occasionally attested referring to other types of alcoholic drink.\n \nWith the introduction of regular use of hops into England from at least the 15th cent., ale came to designate beer brewed without hops, a distinction which lasted until the 18th cent., when it came to refer to a strong beer. In the 19th cent. ale was sometimes distinguished by its being brewed with malt that has not been roasted or burnt, and hence being paler in colour. The word is now most common (outside historical contexts) as a trade name, or (esp. in real ale, cask ale, etc.) referring to traditionally brewed beer (of any colour).","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Interestingly, the EDD definition specifies Cumberland as a region which consumes \"ale.\" ",1979,"(Cooper: ","3)","\"Next time I' toon, Ben hed a léuk ta tree an' finnd a yal makkin béuk.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG176,#REF!,AL176,AQ176,AV176)","v":1}]
["yence","[iəns]","yaance","yance, yince",null,"(EDD Online: \"once, adv. and sb.\")","(OED Online: \"once, adv., conj., adj., and n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"English","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Formed within English, by derivation. Originally < ene adv. + -s suffix; subsequently remodelled after the genitive of one pron.]",null,"Unclear, see notes","A. I. 2. a) At some point or period in the past; on some past occasion; formerly.","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition","No","OED","EDD Entry only defines adverb indirectly using usage examples (Marked with \"Var. dial. Uses\").",1953,"(Birkett: ","12)","\"For yance they'd wurked thersels hungry.\"","Prose",1984,"(Roberts: ","15)","\"Ah yance fund t' auld lad on top of a fence\"","Poetry",1999,"(Fisher: ","6)","\"A chap yaance leevt ut Camerton\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG177,#REF!,AL177,AQ177,AV177)","v":3}]
["yon","[jon]",null,null,null,"(EDD Online: \"yon, adj., pron. and adv.\")","(OED Online: \"yon, adj. and pron.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adjective","adjective","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Old English geon adjective (rare), corresponding, with variation of vowel, to Old Frisian iêna , gêna (ienn- , inn- ), West Frisian jinge , Old High German jenêr , Middle High German, German jener , also Old High German, Middle High German enêr , German dialect ene(r , Old Norse enn , inn , hinn , definite article, (Swedish, Danish hin ), Gothic jains that. The Germanic bases underlying these forms, or other variants of them, are represented also in Old High German ennân , Middle High German enne(n from there, hither, Old High German en(n)ônt , Middle High German en(n)ent yonder, German dialect jenntak , jennabend yesterday, Gothic jainar there; Dutch and Low German show forms with initial guttural, viz. Middle Dutch ghene , gone , göne (Dutch gene ) that, Low German gunnen that, there, gunsiet yonder. Related forms outside Germanic are recognized in Sanskrit ēna- 3rd person pronoun, anēna , anayā (instr.), that (one), Old Slavonic onŭ he, Lithuanian añs he. See also yond adj.1 and pron., yonder adv., adj., pron., and n.\n \nIn Old English the only members of this family of words for which evidence is forthcoming are geon adjective and geond , geondan yond adj.1 and pron. preposition (? originally adverb like Gothic jaind ), together with bigeonan (-ginan , -genan ) ‘trans’, begeondan (Northumbrian bigeanda , bigienda ) beyond adv., prep., and n. From these the various parallel uses of yon, yond, and yonder have arisen through the extension to other members of applications originally appropriated to one of them.]",null,"1. dem. adj. That; those; esp. used of a person or thing a little way off but within sight. Cf. thon.","Now arch. and dial.\n\nA. adj.\n\n1. A demonstrative word used in concord with a n. to indicate a thing or person as (literally, or sometimes mentally) pointed out: cf. that adj. 1. Formerly often, as still in some dialects, simply equivalent to that (those); but chiefly, and in later literary use almost always, referring to a visible object at a distance but within view: = ‘that (those)…over there’. Also in yon same.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A","Forsyth's (2002: 19) and Graham's (2006: 8) usage examples do not conform to the referential conventions of the adverb:\n\n\"Comedean chap\" = a person referred to by the speaker, not present during the conversation, meaning:\n\n\"Comedean\" = out of sight. The wrong demonstrative adjective is used.\n\n\"Carlisle\" = a place far away in the tale, meaning:\n\n\"Carlisle hospital\" = out of sight, also meaning the wrong demonstrative adjective is used.\n\nBoth usage examples should have used \"thon, pron. and adj.\" Defined by OED as: \n\ndial. \n= yon adj. and pron.: the demonstrative pron. and adj., pointing to something more remote in place or time than that: = Latin ille, Spanish aquello.\n\n(OED Online: \"thon, pron. and adj.\")\n\nAppears to have been a process of broadening which occurred in Cumbrian between the late 20th Century and early 21st Century, in which yon, adj.'s meaning is expanded to be used as a demonstrative for objects out of the speaker's direct line of sight.",1953,"(Birkett: ","11)","\"Noo hoo they were gahn te clean yon mucky shop wid bits of muslin aah divvent know\"","Prose",1984,"(Roberts: ","19)","\"'Taw startit wid yon apple tree, Eve offer't Adam a bite.\"","Poetry",2002,"(Forsyth: ","19)","\"th' swort ov things 'at gives reyse ta wot yon comedean chap sed aboot jurseys.\"","Prose",2006,"(Graham: ","8)","\"By, yon hospital is a big pleace\"","Prose",{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"COUNTA(AQ178,#REF!,#REF!,#REF!,AV178)","v":4}]
["yonder","[jo·ndə(r)]",null,null,"α. ME (15 Sc.) ȝonder, -ir, (ME ȝionder, ȝundir, yunder, ME ȝondur, -yr, yondur), ME–15 yondre, (15 ȝondar, Sc. ȝounder, 16 younder), ME– yonder","(EDD Online: \"yonder, adv., adj. and pron.\")","(OED Online: \"yonder, adv., adj., pron., and n.\")","Yes","Yes","Yes","adverb","adverb","Match","N/A",null,null,"Germanic","No EDD Etymology",null,"[Middle English ȝonder , ȝender , corresponding to Old Saxon gendra adjective, on this side, Middle Low German ginder , gender , Low German gunter , Dutch, West Frisian ginder , Gothic jaindrê (compare hidrê hither v.)]",null,"1. adv. In that place; over there. Also sometimes yonders.","Now only literary and somewhat arch., or dial.\n\nA. adv.\n\n1. a. At or in that place; there; usually implying that the object spoken of is at some distance but within sight: Over there, away there.","EDD and OED Definition","Yes","N/A",null,1979,"(Cooper: ","23)","\"Ess he gazes widd a far away léuk, wetching t' fells ower yonder.\"","Poetry",{"$nulls":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG179,#REF!,AL179,AQ179,AV179)","v":1}]
[{"$nulls":7},"INCLUSION",null,null,"GRAMMAR",{"$nulls":4},"ETYMOLOGY",{"$nulls":5},"DEFINITION"]
[{"$nulls":7},"TOTAL: Headword Present in EDD?","TOTAL: Sense Specific to Cumbrian?","TOTAL: Headword Present in OED?",null,"TOTAL: Relationship1",null,null,"TOTAL: Grammar Most Accurate to Usage Examples",null,null,"TOTAL: Relationship2",{"$nulls":4},"TOTAL: Relationship3",null,"TOTAL: Synonymous Defintions?",null,"TOTAL: Definition Most Accurate to Usage Examples?"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Yes",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN EDD?], \"Yes\")","v":153},{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[SENSE SPECIFIC TO CUMBRIAN?], \"Yes\")","v":112},{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN OED?], \"Yes\")","v":162},"Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"Match\")","v":134},null,"EDD",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"EDD\")","v":11},null,"Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF( ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"Match\")","v":8},null,null,null,"EDD and OED Definition",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"EDD and OED Definition\")","v":115},"Yes",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[SYNONYMOUS DEFINTIONS?], \"Yes\")","v":111},"EDD",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"EDD\")","v":6}]
[{"$nulls":6},"No",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN EDD?], \"No\")","v":25},{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[SENSE SPECIFIC TO CUMBRIAN?], \"No\")","v":41},{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN OED?], \"No\")","v":16},"Do Not Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"Do Not Match\")","v":10},null,"OED",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"OED\")","v":27},null,"Do Not Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF( ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"Do Not Match\")","v":46},null,null,null,"EDD Definition Only",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"EDD Definition Only\")","v":7},"No",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[SYNONYMOUS DEFINTIONS?], \"No\")","v":33},"OED",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"OED\")","v":58}]
[{"$nulls":6},"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(H182,H183)","v":178},{"$f":"SUM(I182,I183)","v":153},178,"No EDD Entry",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"No EDD Entry\")","v":19},null,"N/A",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"N/A\")","v":134},null,"No EDD Etymology",{"$f":"COUNTIF( ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"No EDD Etymology\")","v":108},null,null,null,"OED Definition Only",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"OED Definition Only\")","v":20},"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(Y182,Y183)","v":144},"N/A",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"N/A\")","v":106}]
[{"$nulls":10},"No OED Entry",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"No OED Entry\")","v":10},null,"Neither",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"Neither\")","v":6},null,"No OED Etymology",{"$f":"COUNTIF( ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"No OED Etymology\")","v":2},null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"No EDD or OED Definition\")","v":7},"TOTAL: \"EDD and OED Definition\" + \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\"",{"$f":"SUM(W182,W186)","v":144},"Neither",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"Neither\")","v":8}]
[{"$nulls":10},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"No EDD or OED Entry\")","v":5},null,"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(O182,O183,O184,O185)","v":178},null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$f":"COUNTIF( ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"No EDD or OED Etymology\")","v":14},null,null,null,"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\")","v":29},null,null,"TOTAL:",{"$f":"+SUM(AA182,AA183,AA184,AA185)","v":178}]
[{"$nulls":10},"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(L182,L183,L184,L185,L186)","v":178},{"$nulls":4},"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(R182,R183,R184,R185,R186)","v":178},null,null,null,"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(W182,W183,W184,W185,W186)","v":178}]
{"$rows_empty":109}
[{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"IF(AND(K297=\"\", L297=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Entry\",IF(K297=L297, \"Match\",IF(K297=\"\",\"No EDD Entry\", IF(L297=\"\",\"No OED Entry\",\"Do Not Match\"))))","v":"No EDD or OED Entry"},{"$nulls":4},{"$f":"IF(AND(P297=\"\", H297=\"No\", I297=\"No\"), \"No EDD Entry\",IF(AND(P297=\"\", Q297=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Etymology\", IF(P297=Q297, \"Match\", IF(P297=\"\", \"No EDD Etymology\", IF(Q297=\"\", \"No OED Etymology\",\"Do Not Match\")))))","v":"No EDD or OED Etymology"},{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"IF(AND(V297=\"\", W297=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Definition\", IF(V297=\"\", \"No EDD Definition\", IF(W297=\"\", \"No OED Definition\", IF(AND(H297=\"Yes\",V297=\"Unclear, see notes\"), \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\", \"EDD and OED Defintion\"))))","v":"No EDD or OED Definition"},{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB297,AG297,AL297,AQ297,AV297)","v":0}]
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[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG299,#REF!,AL299,AQ299,AV299)","v":1}]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB300,AG300,AL300,AQ300,AV300)","v":0}]
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[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},0]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"COUNTA(AL310,#REF!,#REF!,AQ310,AV310)","v":2}]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB311,AG311,AL311,AQ311,AV311)","v":0}]
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[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},0]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"COUNTA(#REF!,AG317,AL317,AQ317,AV317)","v":1}]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"COUNTA(#REF!,AG318,AL318,AQ318,AV318)","v":1}]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"COUNTA(AB319,AG319,AL319,AQ319,AV319)","v":0}]
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[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},0]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},0]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},0]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},0]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},0]
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[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},0]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},0]
[{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"IF(AND(K329=\"\", L329=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Entry\",IF(K329=L329, \"Match\",IF(K329=\"\",\"No EDD Entry\", IF(L329=\"\",\"No OED Entry\",\"Do Not Match\"))))","v":"No EDD or OED Entry"},{"$nulls":4},{"$f":"IF(AND(P329=\"\", H329=\"No\", I329=\"No\"), \"No EDD Entry\",IF(AND(P329=\"\", Q329=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Etymology\", IF(P329=Q329, \"Match\", IF(P329=\"\", \"No EDD Etymology\", IF(Q329=\"\", \"No OED Etymology\",\"Do Not Match\")))))","v":"No EDD or OED Etymology"},{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"IF(AND(V329=\"\", W329=\"\"), \"No EDD or OED Definition\", IF(V329=\"\", \"No EDD Definition\", IF(W329=\"\", \"No OED Definition\", IF(AND(H329=\"Yes\",V329=\"Unclear, see notes\"), \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\", \"EDD and OED Defintion\"))))","v":"No EDD or OED Definition"},{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"COUNTA(AG329,#REF!,AL329,AQ329,AV329)","v":1}]
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[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},0]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},0]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},0]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},0]
[{"$nulls":12},"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$nulls":4},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$nulls":5},"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$nulls":28},0]

{"sheet":"Results","index":2,"n_rows":68,"n_cols":15,"rows_kept":68,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
[]
[null,"INCLUSION",{"$nulls":6},"INCLUSION"]
[null,"TOTAL: Headword Present in EDD?","TOTAL: Sense Specific to Cumbrian?","TOTAL: Headword Present in OED?",{"$nulls":4},"TOTAL: Headword Present in EDD?","TOTAL: Sense Specific to Cumbrian?","TOTAL: Headword Present in OED?"]
["Yes",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN EDD?], \"Yes\")","v":230},{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[SENSE SPECIFIC TO CUMBRIAN?], \"Yes\")","v":186},{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN OED?], \"Yes\")","v":228},null,null,null,"Yes",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN EDD?], \"Yes\")","v":153},{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[SENSE SPECIFIC TO CUMBRIAN?], \"Yes\")","v":112},{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN OED?], \"Yes\")","v":162}]
["No",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN EDD?], \"No\")","v":16},{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[SENSE SPECIFIC TO CUMBRIAN?], \"No\")","v":44},{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN OED?], \"No\")","v":18},null,null,null,"No",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN EDD?], \"No\")","v":25},{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[SENSE SPECIFIC TO CUMBRIAN?], \"No\")","v":41},{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[HEADWORD PRESENT IN OED?], \"No\")","v":16}]
["TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(B4,B5)","v":246},{"$f":"SUM(C4,C5)","v":230},{"$f":"SUM(D4,D5)","v":246},null,null,null,"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(I4,I5)","v":178},{"$f":"SUM(J4,J5)","v":153},178]
[]
["TRADITIONAL CUMBRIAN: INCLUSION",{"$nulls":6},"CONTEMPORARY CUMBRIAN: INCLUSION"]
[null,"[Headword]s","[Headword]s in EDD","[Headword]s in OED","[Headword]s cited as Cum. in EDD","[Headword]s not in EDD",null,null,"[Headword]s","[Headword]s in EDD","[Headword]s in OED","[Headword]s cited as Cum. in EDD","[Headword]s not in EDD"]
["No.",246,230,228,186,16,null,"No.",178,153,162,112,25]
["%",100,{"$f":"C10/B10*100","v":93.495934959349597},{"$f":"D10/B10*100","v":92.682926829268297},{"$f":"E10/B10*100","v":75.609756097560975},{"$f":"F10/B10*100","v":6.5040650406504072},null,"%",100,{"$f":"J10/I10*100","v":85.955056179775283},{"$f":"K10/I10*100","v":91.011235955056179},{"$f":"L10/I10*100","v":62.921348314606739},{"$f":"M10/I10*100","v":14.04494382022472}]
[]
["GRAMMAR",{"$nulls":7},"GRAMMAR"]
[null,"TOTAL: Relationship1",null,null,"TOTAL: Grammar Most Accurate to Usage Examples",{"$nulls":4},"TOTAL: Relationship1",null,null,"TOTAL: Grammar Most Accurate to Usage Examples"]
["Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"Match\")","v":204},null,"EDD",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"EDD\")","v":17},null,null,null,"Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"Match\")","v":134},null,"EDD",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"EDD\")","v":11}]
["Do Not Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"Do Not Match\")","v":12},null,"OED",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"OED\")","v":22},null,null,null,"Do Not Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"Do Not Match\")","v":10},null,"OED",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"OED\")","v":27}]
["No EDD Entry",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"No EDD Entry\")","v":14},null,"N/A",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"N/A\")","v":204},null,null,null,"No EDD Entry",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"No EDD Entry\")","v":19},null,"N/A",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"N/A\")","v":134}]
["No OED Entry",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"No OED Entry\")","v":14},null,"Neither",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"Neither\")","v":3},null,null,null,"No OED Entry",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"No OED Entry\")","v":10},null,"Neither",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES], \"Neither\")","v":6}]
["No EDD or OED Entry",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"No EDD or OED Entry\")","v":2},null,"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(E15,E16,E17,E18)","v":246},null,null,null,"No EDD or OED Entry",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP1], \"No EDD or OED Entry\")","v":5},null,"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(M15,M16,M17,M18)","v":178}]
["TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(B15,B16,B17,B18,B19)","v":246},{"$nulls":6},"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(J15,J16,J17,J18,J19)","v":178}]
[]
["TRADITIONAL CUMBRIAN: EDD GRAMMATICAL CATEGORISATION COMPARED AGAINST THE OED",{"$nulls":7},"CONTEMPORARY CUMBRIAN: EDD GRAMMATICAL CATEGORISATION COMPARED AGAINST THE OED"]
[null,"[Headword]s","Grammatical Categories Match","Grammatical Categories Do Not Match","No EDD Grammatical Catgegory","No OED Grammatical Category","No EDD or OED Grammatical Category",null,null,"[Headword]s","Grammatical Categories Match","Grammatical Categories Do Not Match","No EDD Grammatical Catgegory","No OED Grammatical Category","No EDD or OED Grammatical Category"]
["No.",246,204,12,14,14,2,null,"No.",178,134,10,19,10,5]
["%",100,{"$f":"C24/B24*100","v":82.926829268292678},{"$f":"D24/B24*100","v":4.8780487804878048},{"$f":"E24/B24*100","v":5.6910569105691051},{"$f":"F24/B24*100","v":5.6910569105691051},{"$f":"G24/B24*100","v":0.81300813008130091},null,"%",100,{"$f":"K24/J24*100","v":75.280898876404493},{"$f":"L24/J24*100","v":5.6179775280898872},{"$f":"M24/J24*100","v":10.674157303370785},{"$f":"N24/J24*100","v":5.6179775280898872},{"$f":"O24/J24*100","v":2.8089887640449436}]
[]
["TRADITIONAL CUMBRIAN: GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO READING PROGRAMME",{"$nulls":7},"CONTEMPORARY CUMBRIAN: MOST ACCURATE GRAMMAR TO READING PROGRAMME"]
[null,"[Headword]s","EDD","OED","N/A","Neither",null,null,null,"[Headword]s","EDD","OED","N/A","Neither"]
["No.",246,17,22,204,3,null,null,"No.",178,11,27,134,6]
["%",100,{"$f":"C29/B29*100","v":6.9105691056910574},{"$f":"D29/B29*100","v":8.9430894308943092},{"$f":"E29/B29*100","v":82.926829268292678},{"$f":"F29/B29*100","v":1.2195121951219512},null,null,"%",100,{"$f":"K29/J29*100","v":6.179775280898876},{"$f":"L29/J29*100","v":15.168539325842698},{"$f":"M29/J29*100","v":75.280898876404493},{"$f":"N29/J29*100","v":3.3707865168539324}]
[]
["ETYMOLOGY",{"$nulls":7},"ETYMOLOGY"]
[null,null,"TOTAL: Relationship2",{"$nulls":7},"TOTAL: Relationship2"]
[null,"Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF( TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"Match\")","v":25},{"$nulls":6},"Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF( ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"Match\")","v":8}]
[null,"Do Not Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF( TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"Do Not Match\")","v":69},{"$nulls":6},"Do Not Match",{"$f":"COUNTIF( ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"Do Not Match\")","v":46}]
[null,"No EDD Etymology",{"$f":"COUNTIF( TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"No EDD Etymology\")","v":137},{"$nulls":6},"No EDD Etymology",{"$f":"COUNTIF( ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"No EDD Etymology\")","v":108}]
[null,"No OED Etymology",{"$f":"COUNTIF( TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"No OED Etymology\")","v":3},{"$nulls":6},"No OED Etymology",{"$f":"COUNTIF( ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"No OED Etymology\")","v":2}]
[null,"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$f":"COUNTIF( TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"No EDD or OED Etymology\")","v":12},{"$nulls":6},"No EDD or OED Etymology",{"$f":"COUNTIF( ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP2], \"No EDD or OED Etymology\")","v":14}]
[null,"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(C34,C35,C36,C37,C38)","v":246},{"$nulls":6},"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(K34,K35,K36,K37,K38)","v":178}]
[]
["TRADITIONAL CUMBRIAN: EDD ETYMOLOGY COMPARED AGAINST THE OED",{"$nulls":7},"CONTEMPORARY CUMBRIAN: EDD ETYMOLOGY COMPARED AGAINST THE OED"]
[null,"[Headword]s","Etymologies Match","Etymologies Do Not Match","No EDD Etymology","No OED Etymology","No EDD or OED Etymology",null,null,"[Headword]s","Etymologies Match","Etymologies Do Not Match","No EDD Etymology","No OED Etymology","No EDD or OED Etymology"]
["No.",246,25,69,137,3,12,null,"No.",178,8,46,108,2,14]
["%",100,{"$f":"C43/B43*100","v":10.16260162601626},{"$f":"D43/B43*100","v":28.04878048780488},{"$f":"E43/B43*100","v":55.691056910569102},{"$f":"F43/B43*100","v":1.2195121951219512},{"$f":"G43/B43*100","v":4.8780487804878048},null,"%",100,{"$f":"K43/J43*100","v":4.4943820224719104},{"$f":"L43/J43*100","v":25.842696629213485},{"$f":"M43/J43*100","v":60.674157303370791},{"$f":"N43/J43*100","v":1.1235955056179776},{"$f":"O43/J43*100","v":7.8651685393258424}]
[]
["DEFINITION",{"$nulls":7},"DEFINITION"]
[null,"TOTAL: Relationship3",null,"TOTAL: Synonymous Defintions?",null,"TOTAL: Definition Most Accurate to Usage Examples?",null,null,null,"TOTAL: Relationship3",null,"TOTAL: Synonymous Defintions?",null,"TOTAL: Definition Most Accurate to Usage Examples?"]
["EDD and OED Definition",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"EDD and OED Definition\")","v":176},"Yes",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[SYNONYMOUS DEFINTIONS?], \"Yes\")","v":170},"EDD",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"EDD\")","v":14},null,null,"EDD and OED Definition",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"EDD and OED Definition\")","v":115},"Yes",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[SYNONYMOUS DEFINTIONS?], \"Yes\")","v":111},"EDD",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"EDD\")","v":6}]
["EDD Definition Only",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"EDD Definition Only\")","v":14},"No",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[SYNONYMOUS DEFINTIONS?], \"No\")","v":43},"OED",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"OED\")","v":62},null,null,"EDD Definition Only",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"EDD Definition Only\")","v":7},"No",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[SYNONYMOUS DEFINTIONS?], \"No\")","v":33},"OED",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"OED\")","v":58}]
["OED Definition Only",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"OED Definition Only\")","v":17},"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(D48,D49)","v":213},"N/A",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"N/A\")","v":168},null,null,"OED Definition Only",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"OED Definition Only\")","v":20},"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(L48,L49)","v":144},"N/A",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"N/A\")","v":106}]
["No EDD or OED Definition",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"No EDD or OED Definition\")","v":2},"TOTAL: \"EDD and OED Definition\" + \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\"",{"$f":"SUM(B48,B52)","v":213},"Neither",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"Neither\")","v":2},null,null,"No EDD or OED Definition",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"No EDD or OED Definition\")","v":7},"TOTAL: \"EDD and OED Definition\" + \"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\"",{"$f":"SUM(J48,J52)","v":144},"Neither",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?], \"Neither\")","v":8}]
["Unsatisfactory EDD Definition",{"$f":"COUNTIF(TradCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\")","v":37},null,null,"TOTAL:",{"$f":"+SUM(F48,F49,F50,F51)","v":246},null,null,"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition",{"$f":"COUNTIF(ModCumbrian[RELATIONSHIP3],\"Unsatisfactory EDD Definition\")","v":29},null,null,"TOTAL:",{"$f":"+SUM(N48,N49,N50,N51)","v":178}]
["TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(B48,B49,B50,B51,B52)","v":246},{"$nulls":6},"TOTAL:",{"$f":"SUM(J48,J49,J50,J51,J52)","v":178}]
[]
["TRADITIONAL CUMBRIAN: EDD DEFINTIONS COMPARED AGAINST THE OED",{"$nulls":7},"CONTEMPORARY CUMBRIAN: EDD DEFINTIONS COMPARED AGAINST THE OED"]
[null,"[Headword]s","EDD and OED Definition","No EDD Definition","No OED Definition","No EDD or OED Definition","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition",null,null,"[Headword]s","EDD and OED Definition","No EDD Definition","No OED Definition","No EDD or OED Definition","Unsatisfactory EDD Definition"]
["No.",{"$f":"SUM(C57:G57)","v":246},{"$f":"B48","v":176},{"$f":"B49","v":14},{"$f":"B50","v":17},{"$f":"B51","v":2},{"$f":"B52","v":37},null,"No.",{"$f":"SUM(K57:O57)","v":178},{"$f":"J48","v":115},{"$f":"J49","v":7},{"$f":"J50","v":20},{"$f":"J51","v":7},{"$f":"J52","v":29}]
["%",{"$f":"SUM(C58:G58)","v":100},{"$f":"C57/B57*100","v":71.544715447154474},{"$f":"D57/B57*100","v":5.6910569105691051},{"$f":"E57/B57*100","v":6.9105691056910574},{"$f":"F57/B57*100","v":0.81300813008130091},{"$f":"G57/B57*100","v":15.040650406504067},null,"%",{"$f":"SUM(K58:O58)","v":100.00000000000001},{"$f":"K57/J57*100","v":64.606741573033716},{"$f":"L57/J57*100","v":3.9325842696629212},{"$f":"M57/J57*100","v":11.235955056179774},{"$f":"N57/J57*100","v":3.9325842696629212},{"$f":"O57/J57*100","v":16.292134831460675}]
[]
["TRADITIONAL CUMBRIAN: EDD AND OED DEFINITION SYNONYMY",{"$nulls":7},"CONTEMPORARY CUMBRIAN: EDD AND OED DEFINITION SYNONYMY"]
[null,"[Headword]s with Definitions from EDD and OED","Synonymous Definitions","Non-synonymous Definitions",{"$nulls":5},"[Headword]s with Definitions from EDD and OED","Synonymous Definitions","Non-synonymous Definitions"]
["No.",{"$f":"SUM(C62:D62)","v":213},{"$f":"D48","v":170},{"$f":"D49","v":43},{"$nulls":4},"No.",{"$f":"SUM(K62:L62)","v":144},{"$f":"L48","v":111},{"$f":"L49","v":33}]
["%",100,{"$f":"C62/B62*100","v":79.812206572769952},{"$f":"D62/B62*100","v":20.187793427230048},{"$nulls":4},"%",{"$f":"SUM(K63:L63)","v":100},{"$f":"K62/J62*100","v":77.083333333333343},{"$f":"L62/J62*100","v":22.916666666666664}]
[]
["TRADITIONAL CUMBRIAN: DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO READING PROGRAMME",{"$nulls":7},"CONTEMPORARY CUMBRIAN: DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO READING PROGRAMME"]
[null,"[Headword]s","EDD","OED","N/A","Neither",null,null,null,"[Headword]s","EDD","OED","N/A","Neither"]
["No.",{"$f":"SUM(C67:F67)","v":246},{"$f":"F48","v":14},{"$f":"F49","v":62},{"$f":"F50","v":168},{"$f":"F51","v":2},null,null,"No.",{"$f":"SUM(K67:N67)","v":178},{"$f":"N48","v":6},{"$f":"N49","v":58},{"$f":"N50","v":106},{"$f":"N51","v":8}]
["%",100,{"$f":"C67/B67*100","v":5.6910569105691051},{"$f":"D67/B67*100","v":25.203252032520325},{"$f":"E67/B67*100","v":68.292682926829272},{"$f":"F67/B67*100","v":0.81300813008130091},null,null,"%",{"$f":"SUM(K68:N68)","v":100},{"$f":"K67/J67*100","v":3.3707865168539324},{"$f":"L67/J67*100","v":32.584269662921351},{"$f":"M67/J67*100","v":59.550561797752813},{"$f":"N67/J67*100","v":4.4943820224719104}]

{"sheet":"Data Validation","index":3,"n_rows":47,"n_cols":16,"rows_kept":47,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["PRESENT IN EDD?","RECOGNISED AS CUMBRIAN?","PRESENT IN OED?","GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: EDD","GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: OED","DICTIONARY MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES","ETYMOLOGICAL ROOT: EDD","ETYMOLOGICAL ROOT: OED","SYNONYMOUS DEFINITIONS?","DEFINITION MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES?","POETRY, PROSE OR PERIODICAL?","COMPOUND: PRESENT IN EDD?","COMPOUND GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: EDD","COMPOUND GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: OED","COMPOUND: GRAMMAR MOST ACCURATE TO USAGE EXAMPLES","COMPOUND DEFINTION: RELATIONSHIP"]
["Yes","Yes","Yes","noun","noun","EDD","Old English","Old English","Yes","EDD","Poetry","Yes","noun","noun","EDD","Analogous"]
["No","No","No","verb","verb","OED","Old Norse","Old Norse","No","OED","Prose","No","verb","verb","OED","Unrelated"]
[null,null,null,"adjective","adjective","Neither","Norwegian","Norwegian",null,"Neither","Periodical",null,"adjective","adjective","N/A"]
[null,null,null,"adverb","adverb","N/A","OE/ON","OE/ON",null,"N/A",null,null,"adverb","adverb"]
[null,null,null,"preposition","preposition",null,"Middle English","Middle English",{"$nulls":4},"preposition","preposition"]
[null,null,null,"pronoun","pronoun",null,"Early Modern English","Early Modern English",{"$nulls":4},"pronoun","pronoun"]
[null,null,null,"conjunction","conjunction",null,"English","English",{"$nulls":4},"conjunction","conjunction"]
[null,null,null,"unclear","unclear",null,"English by Clipping","English by Clipping",{"$nulls":4},"determiner","determiner"]
[null,null,null,"phrase","phrase",null,"English by Compounding","English by Compounding"]
[null,null,null,"determiner","determiner",null,"English by Conversion","English by Conversion"]
[{"$nulls":6},"English by Derivation","English by Derivation"]
[{"$nulls":6},"English by Reduplication","English by Reduplication"]
[{"$nulls":6},"English by Variation","English by Variation"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Old Saxon","Old Saxon"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Low German","Low German"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Old Germanic","Old Germanic"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Common Germanic","Common Germanic"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Germanic","Germanic"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Icelandic","Icelandic"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Early Scandinavian","Early Scandinavian"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Scandinavian","Scandinavian"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Middle Swedish","Middle Swedish"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Gothic","Gothic"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Early Frisian","Early Frisian"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Frisian","Frisian"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Danish","Danish"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Middle Dutch","Middle Dutch"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Dutch","Dutch"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Old Frisian","Old Frisian"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Anglo-Norman","Anglo-Norman"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Old French","Old French"]
[{"$nulls":6},"French","French"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Latin","Latin"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Italian","Italian"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Greek","Greek"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Old Irish","Old Irish"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Celtic","Celtic"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Scottish Gaelic","Scottish Gaelic"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Gaelic","Gaelic"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Irish","Irish"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Cumbrian","Cumbrian"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Scots","Scots"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Natural","Natural"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Multiple Origins","Multiple Origins"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Unknown","Unknown"]
[{"$nulls":6},"Uncertain","Uncertain"]