Antigenic epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease: understanding the limitations of in-vitro vaccine matching for Malaysian strains

Binti Senawi, Jamaliah (2019) Antigenic epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease: understanding the limitations of in-vitro vaccine matching for Malaysian strains. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow.

Abstract

Foot-and mouth disease (FMD) is highly transmissible between all cloven-hoofed animals and is considered a livestock disease of great importance due to its impact upon productivity and the trade restrictions. The aetiological agent is an RNA virus classified into seven serotypes: A, O, C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3. Despite considerable global research efforts, serological in-vitro tests, such as virus neutralisation test (VNT) and liquid phase blocking ELISA (LPBE), are still the only methods for vaccine selection. Although, these assays are relatively simple to perform, they are known to be highly variable and the accuracy of the resulting relationship coefficient (r1-values) is often questioned. The overall aim of the thesis was to identify the source of variability that impacts the relationship coefficient (r1-values) and understand the limitations of the invitro vaccine-matching tests. Therefore, three main factors, thought to contribute to this variability, were investigated: (i) cellular, (ii) serological, and (iii) virus. The experimental design focused on the A/ASIA/Sea-97 lineage; a contemporary virus frequently detected in Southeast Asia that exhibits high antigenic variability in in-vitro vaccine matching tests. The impact of cell replication cycle on virus and neutralisation titres, reflect on the variability of vaccine-matching tests. Thus, it is recommended that fully confluent cells are used to reduce the variability. Further, the source of the variability in the vaccine-matching tests is also attributed to the low of day-to-day repeatability of the serological tests and the inherent differences between individual post vaccinal sera. Consequently, variability in in-vitro vaccine matching assays can be reduced by pooling sera from different animals and performing the tests for field and vaccine viruses simultaneously. Although, measuring different spectrum of antibodies, results obtained using VNT are more inconsistent than those of LPBE. The importance of FMDV antigen integrity on variability of in-vitro vaccine matching tests was shown to be multifactorial; even in related strains, viral capsid dissociates at different temperatures and the level of dissociated capsid particles varies in different viruses. Interestingly, the A-May-97 vaccine virus was found to be more unstable than the field strains. Field evaluation of post vaccination immune response in Peninsular Malaysia indicated that the vaccine used is effective and able to confer protection against the contemporary field virus, despite poor vaccine-matching results.
In conclusion, the current serological tests can be useful indicators for vaccine selection; there are simple and affordable but the r1 values need further attention as well as improvement, and, ideally, should be linked to protection.

• Item Type: Thesis (PhD)
• Qualification Level: Doctoral
• Keywords: Antigenic, foot-and-mouth disease, vaccine matching, in-vitro.
• Subjects: Q Science > QR Microbiology
• Colleges/Schools: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine
• Supervisor's Name: King, Dr. Donald, Reeve, Dr. Richard, Ludi, Dr. Anna and Bachanek-Bankowska, Dr. Katarzyna
• Date of Award: 2019
• Depositing User: Jamaliah Binti Senawi
• Unique ID: glathesis:2019-75153
• Copyright: Copyright of this thesis is held by the author.
• Date Deposited: 08 Nov 2019 11:21
• Last Modified: 05 Mar 2020 22:38
• Thesis DOI: 10.5525/gla.thesis.75153
• URI: https://theses.gla.ac.uk/id/eprint/75153