Heat pump integrated energy systems for future zero-emission vehicles

Zhang, Nan (2023) Heat pump integrated energy systems for future zero-emission vehicles. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow.

Abstract

Climate action is essential to limit the global warming temperature to 1.5 oC by 2050, ensuring the phasing out of fossil fuels in the transport sector successfully. It is expected that batteries or hydrogen fuel cells will most likely be the main driver of future zero-emission vehicles to achieve the zero-emission target for transport. One of the key research challenges in fully electric vehicles is the thermal management in electric vehicles including cabin, battery, motor, and other electronics. The literature review summarised the recent development and research on battery thermal management, cabin thermal management, and integrated approaches. Based on the research gap in current integrated energy management system for zero emission vehicles, the thesis started from the integrated energy system for heating. An advanced fuel cell battery electrical vehicle energy system integrating with heat pump technology was proposed to extend the driving range, increase the overall energy efficiency. A maximum COP of 6.07 could be observed when the evaporator coolant inlet temperature was 32℃. Compared to conventional air source heat pumps and Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heaters, the proposed system has the lowest cost which was £10.40/time. In order to further evaluate the performance of the proposed system from a vehicle perspective, the proposed system was applied to the electric vehicle and analyzed from a vehicle perspective with the help of the vehicle motion model. An Energy, Exergy, Environment, and Economic (4E) analysis method was conducted to investigate the integrated system comprehensively. It is shown that the highest COPsys of the proposed system was 5.8 and could improve the driving range (DR) by 65% to 110% compared to the reference systems. The environmental impact decreased by 13kg/year per car compared to current EVs, and the reduction was primarily sourced from indirect emissions. The operating cost which included driving and heating was 28.9% higher than cited for an ASHP and PTC system and 41% higher than the PTC baseline system. Besides the heating integrated energy system, in order to provide a comprehensive vehicle management system, an integrated cooling energy system was provided. An integrated cooling system was developed for future electric vehicles by integrating the fuel cell, battery, metal-hydride, heat pump, and liquid desiccant dehumidification and regeneration system with the objective to reduce power consumption and extend the driving range in summer. Two operating modes were investigated. Under the heat pump supplemental mode, the proposed system can operate at 36 oC with a COP greater than 4, which is 56% higher than the cited published results. And the insufficient cooling during transitions could be reduced compared to non-compressive mode.

• Item Type: Thesis (PhD)
• Qualification Level: Doctoral
• Subjects: T Technology > T Technology (General); T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
• Colleges/Schools: College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Systems Power and Energy
• Supervisor's Name: Lu, Dr. Yiji, Yu, Professor Zhibin and You, Dr. Siming
• Date of Award: 2023
• Depositing User: Theses Team
• Unique ID: glathesis:2023-83795
• Copyright: Copyright of this thesis is held by the author.
• Date Deposited: 01 Sep 2023 08:46
• Last Modified: 01 Sep 2023 08:49
• Thesis DOI: 10.5525/gla.thesis.83795
• URI: https://theses.gla.ac.uk/id/eprint/83795

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